Constellation Sagittarius. Astronomy, ibanga le-11. Izinkanyezi e nemilaza

Constellation Archer ngokufanele phakathi Scorpio ne-Capricorn. Kuyathakazelisa ngoba maphakathi Galaxy. Futhi kule enkulu iKhima lwezinkanyezi iphuzu lwasebusika lapho imini imfushane. Sagittarius uhlanganisa izinkanyezi eziningi. Ezinye zazo yilezi ngempela elikhanyayo. Lokhu umlaza oluthatha indawo enkulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. izinganekwane eziningi nama-legends ephathelene nayo. Ngo umlaza lesikole bafundelwa Yiqiniso "Astronomy" (grade 11). Kodwa uhlelo lwezifundo lilinganiselwe. Futhi abalandeli izinkanyezi njalo ufuna ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa, hhayi kuphela mayelana ezinkanyezi, kodwa futhi mayelana mafu nemithala ahlobene nawo.

Constellation Sagittarius

Sagittarius kungesinye ezinkanyezi emangalisayo kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Lokho isuswe eminyakeni ukukhanya angaba yizinkulungwane 30, engxenyeni emaphakathi yomthala wethu. It is efihlekile ngemuva ifu zothuli oluphakathi kwezinkanyezi. izinkanyezi ebizwa umlaza Sagittarius bhá esibhakabhakeni, yebo, akunakwenzeka, kodwa ezinye zazo ukufinyelela ezidlula okubonakalayo 2.0 ezibonakala kahle esibhakabhakeni.

Kukholakala ukuthi Sagittarius, ungabuka ingxenye enhle kakhulu ye-Milky Way. Lapha, ngisho izibuko ensimini ebonakalayo amaqoqo globular futhi mafu. Ezithakazelisa kakhulu, yebo, labo elihle - iyona Lagoon Nebula no-Omega (ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi Swan), kanye-M20 muva ivulekile. Ososayensi kwenziwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi Sagittarius ngisho imbobo abamnyama, ngokuvumelana akhona, itholakala e engxenyeni emaphakathi yomthala wethu.

Ngakho, kuba lula ukuthola umlaza ka Sagittarius esibhakabhakeni. Photo etholwe ngosizo izibonakude ezinamandla, ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini akubonakali ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga ye umlaza nge ukwanda okuhle angabhekwa a galaxy yemifino. Kuyinto eduze i-Milky Way. Ibanga lesi Umthala ukuma inkungu okungajwayelekile - iminyaka ukukhanya mayelana 1.7 million. By the way, kwaba namanje evulekile ngo-1884 ososayensi E. Barnard.

Ngokwemvelo, zonke izinto e umlaza ka Sagittarius zitholakala endaweni amabanga sihluke zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngaphambi inkanyezi eseduze - Roth 154 - iminyaka ukukhanya 9,69 kuphela. Futhi yiziphi izindinganiso isikhala kukhona kolwesiNgisi. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi umakhelwane wethu.

Umlaza of Sagittarius esibhakabhakeni

Lokhu Umlaza kuyabonakala esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ehlobo. Kubonakala kusukela eyishumi ka February yesibili, futhi kungabonakala nasemkhakheni uNovemba. Izimo best ukuyohlolwa - kuleli hlobo. Khona-ke ubalekela. The Sun ungaphakathi Sagittarius kusuka 18 Disemba 18 Januwari. A iqiniso elithakazelisayo kakhulu: ukanye isignali edumile emhlabeni wonke "! Wow" Ingabe esemukelwe yilezo zizwe Sagittarius Agasti 15, 1977 - mhlawumbe kusukela sempucuko eyinqaba.

Kunezinganekwane eziningi ngokuphathelene umlaza

Sagittarius ixhunyiwe amabili owaziwayo izinganekwane we Centaurs: Krotos futhi Chiron. iphethini Cishe wonke namabalazwe omkhathi ngaso sonke isikhathi idluliswe lapho wayechazwa isidalwa ne esifubeni yomuntu umzimba wehhashi. Kuleli fomu kwathiwa afakwe ikhathalogu Klavdiya Ptolemeya "Almagest".

Insumansumane edume kakhulu esiGrekini umlaza Sagittarius lihlobanisa ke nabahlakaniphile Chiron, uthisha kanye umeluleki heroes eziningi. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu centaur ngqo travel Argonauts yasungulwa imbulunga yasezulwini. On lokho, wayeka ezweni bona. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi lokhu umlaza ka Sagittarius, njengoba bacibishela umnsalo ngokuphelele centaur. Kodwa okungalindelekile kwenzekile: i Krotos ngobuqili bayishaya wathatha indawo yakhe. Nokho, Chiron kwadingeka ukuba bamukela esingaphansi umlaza ohloniphekile Centaurus.

Constellation Sagittarius kwahlanganiswa "Ukuqoqwa Svyatoslav" emuva 1073. izizwe Slavic kwakwaziwa ngaphansi ngegama lalo lamanje.

I Lagoon esigaxeni

eziningi eziyimfihlakalo cosmic igcina umlaza Sagittarius. Izithombe etholwe nge isibonakude, wasiza ukufunda ngokuningiliziwe Lagoon Nebula, esemgwaqweni kuwo. Ingabizwa kufanele kubhekwe Luhambo kwesibhakabhaka ehlobo. Kulabo abasebenza ukubukela izinkanyezi, esigaxeni, lokhu kungase kubonakale kuncike kakhulu. It kuyabonakala ngisho ne omabonakude.

Lagoon Nebula - sombuso izinkanyezi. It ekuqongeleleni zvezdoformiruyuschee ngothuli cosmic. Kuyinto okweqanda nge isikhungo ngokucacile. I esigaxeni iqukethe yinhlanganisela izinkanyezi, ukuthi esenza sibe omunye izinto ezinhle kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ehlobo. Kuyinto kude isimiso sonozungezilanga 5.200 iminyaka ukukhanya. Iqukethe globules - amafu amnyama prozvezdnogo impahla.

esigaxeni-M20

Yiqiniso, izinkanyezi, hhayi nje kuphela nemilaza Sinesithakazelo kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi amateur. Very interesting futhi mafu. Ngo umlaza ka Sagittarius eziningana. Kodwa omunye enhle kakhulu, ngokuqinisekile esigaxeni-M20. Kuyinto into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuba bagcine ebusuku ehlobo, Nokho, kungabonwa ngokusebenzisa izibonakude medium and beso ezinkulu.

Into yokuqala ukuthi ayimkhangi - a izinkanyezi ezimbalwa maphakathi engxenyeni bhá we esigaxeni. Khona-ke kuba sobala ukuthi le nto efana "ephukile." Kubonakala black igebe ohlukanisa esigaxeni nezingxenye ezimbili. Okuningi okuqukethwe yile ngxenye amnyama has ukuma uhlamvu "T". Nge kokukhulisa ezinhle ibonisa ukuthi Nebula inezingxenye ezintathu. Futhi eduze kwayo kungenye into dimmer.

Ngakho, esigaxeni M20 umelwe izinhlobo stasis ezintathu eziyinhloko: pink (ekushayweni), black (iyavuleka) okwesibhakabhaka (lembhali).

Alfa Sagittarius

Sagittarius ka izinkanyezi kodwa ayikhanyi kakhulu. Mhlawumbe yingakho akusiyo abathandi ethandwa kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Kulesi umlaza kuyathakazelisa ukuthi alpha akuyona inkanyezi bhá. Noma kunjalo kuyinto ebonakalayo futhi unegama lalo.

Rukbat - inkanyezi emhlophe-oluhlaza. Ngo-Arabhu igama layo lisho ukuthi "knee". Lokhu-alpha Sagittarius. Kusukela yesimiso sonozungezilanga izinkanyezi Rukbat cishe 71,4 parsecs. Esikhathini sibalo kuba kwi phambi umlenze ngakwesokunxele kwedolo. Ngakho-ke lethiwa. Ukukhanya kwe-alpha Archer kakhulu inkanyezi phansi kunabaphostoli Kaus Australis.

Star Kaus Australis

Inkanyezi bhá e umlaza - Sagittarius kuyinto Epsilon. ukugqama sobala Kaus Australis - 1,79, okuhambelana ukukhanya ezinkanyezi "ibhakede" we-Big Dipper. Kuyinto kahle ebonakalayo ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama, bese kuba lula ukuthola esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Imfihlakalo a aurora elinjalo eliqhakazile kwatholakala ososayensi Maphakathi nekhulu le-lamashumi amabili. Ucwaningo eningiliziwe Upsilon Sagittarius, kwatholakala ukuthi le nkanyezi double.

Kaus Australis elihunyushwe ngokuthi "engxenyeni eseningizimu nomnsalo 'kubonisa ukuthi umbono walo kulombhalo umlaza. Lona inkanyezi eseningizimu futhi bhá e umnsalo Sagittarius, esakhiwa izinto ezintathu. Bow ifomu kodwa Kaus Australis, izinkanyezi ezimbili ngaphezulu. Astronomy - isayensi eqondile kanjani futhi yokudala, ngakho, ngaphandle amagama esemthethweni izinto ngobusuku obucwathile futhi anamagama. Lambda beta Sagittarius ngokulandelana ngokuthi Kaus Borealis futhi Kaus Meridionalis. Bekanye upsilon akha "nomnsalo '.

inkanyezi Kathathu e umlaza ka Sagittarius

Ngo umlaza ka Sagittarius izinkanyezi ezahlukene. Astronomy inedatha supergiants kanye dwarfs. Kodwa ukunakekela okukhethekile ososayensi kanye namaastrophycisist njalo unikezwe star kathathu. Ziyakwazi ezingavamile kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho intshisekelo. Ngo umlaza ka Sagittarius abe star kathathu - ke Albaldah. Kusukela yesimiso sonozungezilanga isuswe at ibanga ukukhanya-eminyakeni engaba ngu-508. Izinhlu inkanyezi ukwenza kube ngaphansi kophawu u "pi Sagittarius."

Albaldah - inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu. Kuyinto ebonakalayo ngokucacile ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama, emahle kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Igama wanikwa izazi zezinkanyezi ezingama-Arabhu waphawula yakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile. Nge lasendulo Arabhu elithi "Albaldah" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "umuzi". Mhlawumbe bangamangala ngimazi kwakungeyona indaba yokukhetha okukodwa, kodwa ezintathu izinkanyezi, ezochaza igama. Kodwa isiqinisekiso leli qiniso ayitholakali.

Pi Sagittarius - uhlelo izinkanyezi ezintathu. Chief phakathi kwabo inkulu ophuzi-mhlophe. Surface lokushisa - cishe 6590 Kelvin. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi luminosity we-solar giant ukundlula ayizinkulungwane izikhathi. Star ivuliwe esigabeni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo lapho-gravity kanye nokuphenyisisa ingcindezi layo langaphakathi ulahlekelwe ukuzinza. giant Yellow-white iqala ukunwebeka nokuncipha. Mayelana iziphuphutheki Albaldaha lutho waziwa. Imvelo lezi zinkanyezi ingakamiswa kudalulwe.

gamma Archer

Constellation Sagittarius kuhlanganisa enye isethi izinkanyezi giant. Nokho, akuwona wonke kuyabonakala ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Kodwa hhayi Alnasl. Le nkanyezi isendaweni yesimiso sonozungezilanga at ibanga iminyaka ukukhanya 96.

Gamma Sagittarius sibonwa esibhakabhakeni ku nobusuku obungamashumi moonless. Ngakho-ke, it is ukuba ososayensi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ezaziwa. Kuyingqayizivele iqiniso ukuthi unakho yini enye, kodwa ezimbili amagama Arab. Eyokuqala - "Alnasl", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ikhanda lomcibisholo." Igama lesibili lale nkanyezi, "Nushbada", Isimanga siwukuthi, kunencazelo efanayo.

Ubunjalo bomuntu Alnasl - giant orange. lokushisa yayo amaqabunga cishe 4760 degrees Kelvin. Ingabe unayo iziphuphutheki inkanyezi iplanethi, efana Sun yethu, usumisiwe. Kuze kube manje, akukho isibonakaliso sokuba khona kwabo kutholwa.

Star Sefdar - lokhu Sagittarius

Lena Inkanyezi double, it is akhiwe kude kusukela ilanga yokukhanya-eminyakeni engaba ngu-146. Lokhu Sagittarius unamagama amabili: Arabic "Sefdar" ( "iqhawe enobudlova") kanye Latin "il Furoris" ( "Blazing Ukufutheka"). Kuze 1928 kwaba yingxenye Telescope umlaza. Kamuva, lapho imingcele yayisivaliwe yachaza kabusha, ke abalelwa ku-Sagittarius.