Kuyini umphakathi? Incazelo kanye nencazelo

Ngokomlando, ukuthi yiliphi ilungu lomphakathi elilodwa iba ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi Akudingi zokuxhumana ezengeziwe, ulwazi kanye namakhono. Kuyini umphakathi? Ukuchaza lokhu umqondo ngempela enezici. Kuyinto lonke uhlelo lokuxhumana womuntu kanye nokuxhumana, ukuhlukana kwamaqembu ahlukene isithakazelo kanye nohlobo lomsebenzi.

indaba

Umphakathi wanamuhla awenzekanga ngokwalo. eyandulela Its emphakathini bakudala, ukuhlanganisa abantu ndawonye ngokuvumelana ubudlelwano babo, yokuphila. Umphakathi wasiza amadlozi ukwenza ahlelekile ukuze sisinde ezinzima kwemvelo.

Ngokusho idatha yomlando, umphakathi Ezinye izinhlobo okhokho yomuntu yesimanje ebhekene nezinye izinhlangano lwezenhlalo yalolu hlobo - kungakho kwakheka izingxabano kuqala. Isizathu sokuba ukuphikiswa okunjalo kwakuyoba lula ukukhonza khona: inzondo yezizwe, ukungafunwa kohlobo olulodwa lwamasosha kwenye (beyizalaniselana, njll), esigabeni ukudla endaweni lapho uhlala khona.

Kuyini umphakathi? Incazelo kwisichazamazwi

Iqembu labantu bahlanganiswe injongo eyodwa, kanye labantu ezweni elithile, ngisho yonke le mbulunga - konke lokhu umphakathi. Lo mqondo imele ekusebenzisaneni womuntu ehlelekile, kungaba umbuthano izithakazelo ezifanayo noma inhlangano yezepolitiki. Komphakathi, umphakathi wesintu ihlanganisa inqwaba abantu, nakuba ethanda yalelozwe ezahlukene, kodwa nomunye isifiso afanayo - ukuhlala futhi ukuhlangana.

Igama elithi "umphakathi" has impande okufanayo elithi "ukuxhumana". Lokhu kuchaza iphuzu lokuthi kakhulu ngaphandle zokuxhumana abekho abantu abangaba abakhululeke zimiswe cha, kusukela kokubili kuhlobene kakhulu. Ihostela, umphakathi, umphakathi, umphakathi - lawamazwi impande okufanayo "umphakathi" futhi, eqinisweni, ukumela iqembu elithile labantu abakhuluphele e nokuxhumana njalo.

The Inkampani angase aphathwe njengodoti inkampani noma inkampani (JSC, LLC, CJSC, nabanye), kanye nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene, ube ngezithako zawo umbuthano elilinganiselwe labantu, behlanganiswe izithakazelo.

Isichazamazwi NE Yatsenko sanginikeza injongo emfushane igama elithi "umphakathi". Ngomqondo obanzi, inkulumo ethi iphathwa njengengxenye ehlukile zomhlaba, kuyinto ingxube zonke izindlela ezikhona nokuxhumana kanye nethonya kubantu emelene nomunye, kanye izinhlobo izinhlangano zabo.

Incazelo kanye nencazelo yegama elithi "izwe" by V I. Dalyu

Wona kanye umqondo welithi njengoba enjalo kwisichazamazwi we wesichazamazwi omkhulu Russian cha, kodwa isuke isihlale isikhathi impande efanayo nalo inkulumo ethi "inkulumo ethi" ukuthi, ngokwendlela nokuchazwa umbhali, futhi libhekisela "umphakathi." Okushiwo amagama Dahl isichazamazwi ngokoqobo limelela inhlangano, okunamathiselwe, ukuxuba okuthile (umuntu). Ngokwesibonelo, "sibheke izinto ngaphandle, Angazi zodwa."

"Idili" - akuyona nje inkampani, inhlangano, njll, leli gama unesinye incazelo. Deal - kusho ukuxhumana, ukukhuluma, ukuhlanganyela inkhulumomphendvulwano interlocutor, ukuletha ulwazi, inkulumo, share izindaba.

isakhiwo

Umphakathi, nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, ukuxhumana njalo - konke lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe lokho ngomphakathi onjalo. Ukunqunywa lo mqondo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle Kubeka emphakathini lonke umzimba.

Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo yezenhlalakahle bavezwa ngaphandle. Ukusebenza nomphakathi kwenzekani iphethini ezithile, umuntu ngamunye kungaba ngokuphelele ukushintsha isimo ngokuphila kwabanye abantu, izimiso zabo zokuziphatha, kanye nomlando.

Isakhiwo umphakathi kuhlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. namaqembu omphakathi.
2. Izendlalelo umphakathi.
3. Zomphakathi.
4. Institutions.

Lezi zici emphakathini bahlanganiswe nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. indima yabo ekuthuthukiseni wanoma imuphi umphakathi, umphakathi impela high. nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana zihlukaniswe zokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana.

izibopho Social akhiwa kokuba kungokuvumelana we amalungu umphakathi ngokuvumelana umgomo okufanele izuzwe. Okusho ukuthi, lapho kumiswa izibopho lolu hlobo kwenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezithile zomphakathi kokuhlala ngamunye.

kwezasemakhaya eziningi eziqhubekayo sinomthelela abantu, waba nomthelela ekwandeni ushintsho imiqondo osungulwe futhi izimiso. ukuchayeka abahlukahlukene abantu omunye komunye avuse ukuthuthukiswa ngakhe ubuhlobo obusha. Ziyakwazi ubudlelwane ejulile eqinile phakathi kwabantu kanye namaqembu wabantu.

ubufakazi

Kuyini umphakathi? Incazelo yegama elithi ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale ngaphandle komphakathi emphakathini, izimpawu yenhlangano womuntu:

• Ngo ngamunye eqenjini elithile labantu kukhona insada onhlobonhlobo yezenhlalakahle subsystems, izakhiwo. Lena akuyona nje inani elithile labantu bahlanganiswe yini - kuyinto uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto ngokungenamkhawulo athuthukiswe futhi wadala ezihlukahlukene namaqembu omphakathi: imindeni, izizwe.
• The Inkampani kuyinto oludonsa. Okungukuthi, kuba ngokwayo ukwazi ukudala imibandela ayezosebenza ngaphansi kwayo ukusebenza evamile. Ayikho ingxenye yomphakathi ayikwazi sodvwa, ngaphandle contact futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa abanye.
• Umehluko omkhulu phakathi umphakathi - ashukumisayo futhi non-eqondile yalo, ngokuba motion njalo, ukukhula. Umdlali oyinhloko lapha - indoda, ngoba ngaphandle kwakhe akwenzeki phambili ekukhuleni komphakathi.

Ubudlelwano nokuxhumana

Kuyini umphakathi? Incazelo futhi incazelo yegama uku ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu, okungukuthi - kule senhlalo. Lo mqondo ngokomlando esitebeleni uhlelo ukuxhumana nobudlelwano phakathi izakhi ngamunye kanye nomphakathi (kanye namanye amaqembu).

Ngemva kokuzalwa kuka-futhi ukuthola ulwazi yokuba umuntu omdala eziyisisekelo kubantu, uyaqaphela noma ngokungazi, engena umphakathi, emalungu ayo abasondelene naye kwabanye izithakazelo, ubunjalo, injongo. Umphakathi wanamuhla kuyinto neze, njengoba subgroups, kanye nabantu ngokuvamile ingaba endaweni kuwo akukho ecacile, ocacile delineation abantu.

ukuxhumana njalo nokuxhumana emaqenjini senzeka ngokuvumelana namasiko esungulwe therein nokuziphatha. Naphezu kokuhlaselwa okukhulu nokulingana ngaphambi komthetho, i-Group kuye kwaba ukungalingani engaguquki ngaphandle kwalo bekuzokuba abafundile umphakathi uqobo. Incazelo ukuhumusha ukusebenza ukungalingani itholakala umehluko phakathi kwezakhi yezenhlalakahle sabantu, kanye izici zayo labantu. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu ngamunye unomthwalo isipho noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi, kodwa akukho omunye. Esinye isibonelo: abantu abacebile ocebile indinganiso ophilayo ngempela kwezihlalo abantu abahola imali encane.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu

Umphakathi, njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo kwezenhlalo elihlelwe kahle, umahluko phakathi izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo:

• Traditional.
• Industrial.
• Postindustrial.

umphakathi wendabuko

It has isici esasenza ngesimo ezolimo ngokukhethekile. Kulesi hlobo ubudlelwano phakathi izingxenye zomphakathi owakhelwe phezu ekhona emlandweni walo amasiko. Ngokusho kwabantu, umphakathi wendabuko ibuthakathaka, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi unakho nhlobo ikhono ukuthuthukisa, ngoba isebenzisa lwemibono ephelelwe yisikhathi mayelana nezwe nokuphila.

umphakathi zezimboni

I izici eziyinhloko ezifana: ukukhula ukukhiqizwa okusezingeni eliphezulu, isimo sengqondo umthengi maqondana kwemithombo yemvelo, izinkinga kwepulani ngosizo isayensi nobuchwepheshe. Amalungu omphakathi ikakhulukazi nomnqopho owodwa kuphela - ukwanelisa izidingo zabo siqu omphakathi, ngaphandle kokugcinwa izinkinga zemvelo.

umphakathi post-zezimboni

Izwe zanamuhla empeleni yayo iyona uhlobo lomphakathi. Nazi akubona ubunjalo kwemvelo yenkinga, ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha, ulwazi kanye nolwazi, nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Emphakathini post-zezimboni akhule enkulu emkhakheni service kuka emkhakheni wezimboni.