Kuyini okwenzeka Young

Noma ubani etadisha yokukhanya igagasi, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuqinisekile sibhekene izinkomba isipiliyoni Jung. Kulokhu kuba ukutholakala esaqopha umlando ngempela, kakhulu kuthinte ukuqhubeka isayensi. Kodwa mayelana konke ukuze.

Ray yokukhanya ebumnyameni ukungabaza

ukukhanya kwethu ebonakalayo - yilokhu ozungezayo wonke umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni. Kuyinto elula neyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Akukho lutho isimanga e iqiniso lokuthi njalo kwazanywa ukuchaza ukuthi ukukhanya futhi yini yayo izici. Phakathi sababekholelwa onobuhle ezahlukene okhela mpikiswano sina, kodwa akekho ozokwazi abuqede kule ndaba. Lokhu kuye kwenzeka kuze kube manje, ingakamiswa olwenziwa Jung isipiliyoni, lolungenamaphutsa waqinisekisa theory wave yokukhanya.

Ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukukhanya ukusakazwa kwezindaba izinhlayiya ekhethekile - corpuscles. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nalokho okutholwe physics, izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya esikhundleni corpuscles. Photon - nezinhlayiya nge zero mali futhi mass, kanye ekhona kuphela ngejubane lokukhanya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Newton namanje nokuhlangenwe nakho okuthakazelisayo ukuqapha izindawo ukukhanya: itholakala phakathi umthombo futhi ipuleti ingilazi kanye ne-lens ngilugweda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ayekubona hhayi umthombo iphuzu, futhi iringi (kamuva ngegama lakhe). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi experiment Young ingakamiswa akhulula, Newton akakwazanga ukuchaza waphawula kusukela umbono inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ukukhanya, ehlanganisa izinhlayiya.

Kabili umqhewu experiment

Ekugcineni, ngo-1803 T. Jung ekugcineni wanquma bavuma noma baphika umbono corpuscular. He hlomela futhi wenza eksperimenti lelula owenza ososayensi ukuthatha bahlole izinto ajwayelekile. nakho Young selukhombisile ukuthi ukukhanya i wave kagesi ne izici ezithile.

Opaque ishidi Indaba ubulokhu othathwe, lapho kwenziwa parallel izimbotshana ezimbili ngokufanele nge ububanzi elihambisana inamandla wukukhanya "ukuhlolwa" yokukhanya. Ngezinye ibanga kusuka eshidini kahle isikrini ukubukela "ukuziphatha" zomhlaba. Eshidini iqondiswe ecucuza ukukhanya emthonjeni iphuzu. Jung wabonisana kweqiniso: uma ukukhanya ukusakazwa kwezindaba izinhlayiya esikrinini ukubonisa imigqa emibili ngokulinganisa. Ubuningi luminescence umfutho babeya endaweni kwesifo imishayo ezimbili, futhi phakathi kwabo kungaba amnyama (ishidi opaque). Kodwa ukuthi lo mbono wokuziphendukela corpuscles eyayingalungile, igagasi ukukhanya edabula umqhewu, izodala amagagasi yesibili (isimiso elisungulwe 1678. Huygens). Njengoba musa ukuvimbela ukusabalala ke kwakuthiwa abaye bafinyelela ngayo phakathi kwesikrini phakathi projection we izimbotshana, futhi igagasi yabo amplitude futhi isigaba umdlalo. Ngenxa ukuphazamiseka (superposition) ukuthi kungaholela ukugqama esiphezulu esiphethe iviyo lase-ukukhanya nje phakathi projection we-gap ngalinye, okuyinto bangathi ukukhanya - ingenye zokubonisa thuthuva wave.

Njengoba manje seyaziwa, umbono corpuscular elalinamandla lawa, futhi indawo yayo sathathwa iphuzu wave umbono. On the waphawula bands nge ezahlukene luminescence umfutho. I kunazo yesiteleka - phakathi, khona-ke zomile, njll kwehla ekushayweni kuyinto okuphambene secondary amagagasi bagxambukele ezindabeni zethu.

Nokho, esikhathini sethu, ngemva uchungechunge ucwaningo cacisa, lo mbono uye ichitshiyelwe. Ngokusho kwabo, kucatshangwa ukuthi ukukhanya has a imvelo ezimbili, futhi ukubonakala njengomnikelo wokuzuliswa, nezinhlayiya. Imiphumela zokuhlola zincike ngokusebenza kwabo. Okwamuva theory quantum wendawo yonke kalula wachaza: imiphumela kokuma etholakala ngokufana ncamashí befuna ukubona experimenter. Duality sizalwa nawo ukukhanya hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ezifana izinhlayiya ezibonakala wafunda ezifana electron.