Kuyini isifo sofuba.

Iqiniso ukuthi ezifana nesifo sofuba, abantu bazi ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu. Esikhathini II yeminyaka BC, phakathi nokubusa uHammurabi eBabiloni ngesehlukaniso abesifazane avunyelwe nge umlando sofuba.

Ngesikhathi sikaHippocrates okhandlayo wachaza main izici isifo sofuba yamaphaphu. Ngeshwa, imbangela ecashile yalesi sifo isifo, uHippocrates ayilungile, ngoba ngangicabanga ukuthi isifo sofuba nesifo esiwufuzo ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa ukwakheka ngokweqile isikhwehlela emzimbeni. Naye wafundelwa inkinga ka ukuvela sofuba u-Avicenna, ubani waveza ukuthi isifo sisuka kumuntu nomuntu futhi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-TB sihlasela kakhulu imvelo bangaphandle.

Okokuqala sofuba wabizwa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa, kungakho igama lesi sifo "phthisiology" (kusukela lesiGreki "phthisis" -. Ukusetshenziswa). Njengoba wazi, isifo sofuba - kuyingozi isifo ezithathelwanayo kubangela amagciwane e-TB - mycobacteria. Isifo sofuba libhekene kumiswa emzimbeni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu foci ukuvuvukala, okuyinto angakhula abe izitho ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kaningi lesi sifo sithinta izicubu wamaphaphu.

Ngokokuqala ngqá i nature esithathelanayo lesi sifo ezinzima, njengesifo sofuba, okuye kungase kutholakale ekhulwini le-19. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso senziwe 1882 yi-German uRobert Koch wakwazi, abangagcini nje ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe lokho kuyinto sofuba, kodwa wabuye wembula uhlobo mycobacteria, imbangela yayo.

Mycobacterium sofuba, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zama-bacterium, olukhuni kakhulu: lokhu bacterium kakhulu ngokomoya bese iba nomuzwa eqhweni, nasezweni, kuba amelana acid kanye notshwala. Ukucekela igciwane kungaba eside kuphela isinyathelo ngalo lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu noma izinto chlorine-aqukethe. Futhi akakubekezeleli lolu hlobo mycobacteria elangeni.

Cishe ngamunye wethu njengoba ingane, noma ukuba entsheni, "uthole" kusuka imvelo mycobacteria ezahlukene, Nokho-ke akakubangeli sofuba. bacilli "Ababuthakathaka" azikwazi adala izifo, njalo ashukumise futhi uqinise amasosha omzimba-TB. Ukuze bagome umzimba womuntu yethulwe Mycobacterium ngokuqondile attenuated ukuthi basuke kabanzi eyaziwa ngokuthi BCG (bacilli Calmette-Guérin), okuvumela ukuba uqinise isivikelo bacterium "nolaka" engena emzimbeni okuvame ukuholela nemiphumela eyinhlekelele.

Ukutheleleka nge mycobacteria "nolaka" ngokuvamile livela umuntu abaphethwe isifo esebenzayo, okuyinto, sneezing, ukukhwehlela ngisho nje ukukhuluma, ihambisa Koch unamathela azungeze. ukutheleleka ingasaphathwa kwenzeka uma oqothulayo imikhiqizo yobisi ethathwe izilwane ezigulayo ngesifo sofuba. ukuthuthukiswa Active lesi sifo ngokuvamile kwenzeka khona izinto ezifana nezimo zokuphila ezingezinhle (kokubili zezenhlalo nezemvelo); khona i izifo ezihlobene lomuntu onegciwane (isilonda esiswini, isifo sikashukela, isifo samaphaphu); ukucindezeleka; ukungondleki. Ukuze ube ukuncipha ezinkulu bangangenwa yilesi sifo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingozi sofuba asathuthuka ukuze abangele izinhlobo ezahlukene yizidakamizwa, ukuba umlutha wotshwala nokubhema.

Ngakho, yini i-TB nokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo? Uma emzimbeni womuntu, tubercle imbewu eletha kuholela yokuthi e iphaphu, kanye ama-lymph node izinhlamvu ziqala ukwakheka foci ukuvuvukala. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sofuba eyinhloko. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi izilonda kungaba zarubtsovyvatsya, kodwa mycobacteria okukukho, ngokuvamile baphendukela ku uhlobo "ithule" isimo, futhi uma izimo ezifanele uqale ngenkuthalo ziyanda.

Isifo sofuba - ubulwelwe lapho ifomu abakhuthele of tubercle imbewu eletha ngegazi kanye lymph kungaba ngenkuthalo zasakazekela umzimba. Lesi sifo kungathinta hhayi kuphela emaphashini, kodwa amanye kwezitho nezicubu: amathambo, isikhumba, amehlo, amathumbu, uhlelo urinary, meninges. Nokho, abantu abaningi are cha fana aware of usuku, okungukuthi TB, inganakiwe fluorography yonyaka kanye anqikaze lokugoma, futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, kuholela yokuthi isibalo sabantu abaphethwe yilesi sifo esesabekayo, kuthatha kudlangile.