Kuyini inkomba kwamakhemikhali: definition, izibonelo, isimiso

Noma ubani ohilelekile isayensi noma nje nesithakazelo amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, kuyoba ukwazi ukuthi le nkomba. Nge lo mqondo, abaningi nazo ekilasini amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, kepha othisha esikoleni akazange ukunikeza izincazelo ezifaka isimiso isinyathelo izinto ezinjalo. Ngakho-ke yini kube inkomba? Kungani LED ukushintsha umbala izixazululo? Yini asasebenza nanamuhla? Mayelana nalesi kamuva esihlokweni.

definition

Izikhombo esewuphendula lokho inkomba, le ncazelo elandelayo: inkomba - ngokuvamile organic chemical kwakwakhe esisetshenziselwa ukunquma kwemigomo isixazululo (hydrogen ion okuhlushwa, iphuzu kwefrakshini, sokunquma khona oxidants). Ngomqondo emincane izwi inkomba ukuqonda into, okuvumela ukucacisa pH medium.

Umgomo we operation

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini ukukhanya, cabanga ngesimiso emsebenzini wayo. Njengoba isibonelo, ukuthatha orange methyl. Le nkomba kuyinto asidi, futhi ifomula ayo ngokuvamile HR. Le asidi ungaphakathi isixazululo aqueous dissociates ku ion H ⁺ futhi R ^-. H ⁺ ion abe umbala obomvu, R ^- - ophuzi, ngoba isixazululo kokungathathi hlangothi (pH = 7) orange LED. Uma ion hydrogen mkhulu kunezinhliziyo R ^-, ikhambi iba bomvu (pH <7), futhi ephuzi uma ion yibona R ^-. Izinkomba kungenzeka kokubili acid nosawoti noma isizinda. Isimiso wokusebenza Kusekelwe zamabanga aphansi naphezulu elula dissociation electrolytic.

I isithombe esingezansi sibonisa kanjani umbala methyl orange njengoba umsebenzi hydrogen Inkomba. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa ukuthi le nkomba ku-chemistry iyini injongo yaso.

izibonelo izinkomba

Izinkomba ezivamile, okuyizinto ngamunye esikoleni kukhona litmus futhi phenolphthalein. Litmus e-esidi, hlangothi futhi ane-alikhali medium has a lowehlukile, okuyinto akakwazi kudidaniswe. Zephepha afuthwe ngesibulali iphepha litmus ibekwa isixazululo kanye nezinguquko kube nombala wako.

Phenolphtalein liba umbala kuphela i medium ane-alikhali futhi iba njengegazi. Lusebenza iyatholakala inkomba methyl orange.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri, futhi kungaba ispolzovatsja izinkomba bungavami: metilviolet, methyl obomvu, tenolftalein. izinkomba Iningi asetshenziswa kuphela endaweni ewumngcingo pH ububanzi, kodwa kukhona izinkomba jikelele, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo nganoma yisiphi abakuzuzile Inkomba hydrogen.