Kuyini i-ore? Nsimbi idiphozi. ore Russia

Ngaphandle amafutha owaziwa kanye negesi, kunezinye ebalulekile amaminerali. Lezi zihlanganisa imikhando, okuyinto kwenziwe ngaso izinsimbi ayoni futhi nonferrous ngokusebenzisa kabusha. Ukuba khona nsimbi - iyona umcebo zanoma yiliphi izwe.

Kuyini i-ore?

Ngamunye ngesayensi yemvelo ezimpendulweni sakhe kulo mbuzo. Mineralogy inquma ore namaminerali njengenhlangano aggregate, isifundo zazo ezidingekayo ukuze uthuthukise yokuyigqula kwabangcwele eyigugu kakhulu, kanye ne-chemistry etadisha Ukwakheka zokucathula netshe ukuthola okuqukethwe qualitative ambalwa of izinsimbi therein.

Geology ucubungula mbuzo: "Iyini i-ore" ngokuya nokufaneleka ngokusebenzisa kwawo zezimboni, ngoba lokhu isayensi isifundo esiphathelene isakhiwo kanye izinqubo ezenzeka ingaphakathi kule planethi, nemibandela kumiswa amatshe namaminerali, ukuhlola imali entsha amaminerali. Zimelela izindawo ku surface eMhlabeni, umphumela izinqubo Geological zanqwabelana okukhishwa ukwanele zokwakheka amaminerali angasetshenziswa ezimbonini.

imikhando Ezemfundo

Ngakho, lo mbuzo: "? Iyini i-ore" Kungenziwa waphendula ngendlela ophelele. Ore - idwala ezisansimbi zezimboni okuqukethwe kulo. Kuphela kulesi simo-ke inenani. ore metal magma imiswe phakathi Ukuphola, okuyindawo ehlanganisa compounds yalo. Noma kunjalo, crystallize, it is basakaza elikhulu isisindo sayo athomu. Kuwa axazulule phansi magma futhi abiwa ungqimba ehlukile. Okunye amaminerali akha amadwala lonke uketshezi magma ezingaphansi kolwandle sisakazeka sikhala. Elements ezikuyo, congealing ukwakha imicu. Rocks, ifofobaliswa ngaphansi kwethonya emvelo, kuthiwa imali phansi emadanyini, ukwakha inzika. Kuye ukubunjwa rocks kwakhiwa ore ahlukahlukene metal.

nsimbi

Izinhlobo lezi namaminerali nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu. Iyini i-ore, ngensimbi ethile? Uma i-ore iqukethe anele zezimboni ukucutshungulwa nenani metal, ibizwa ngokuthi i-ayini. Ahluke imvelaphi, amakhemikhali ukwakheka, futhi okuqukethwe metal ukungcola kanye okungase kube usizo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu elikulesi sihloko izinsimbi non-ayoni, ezifana chromium noma nickel, kodwa kukhona eziyingozi - sulphur noma phosphorus.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali le imikhando yensimbi ethulwa oxides zayo ezihlukahlukene futhi hydroxides, noma carbonic acid nosawoti zensimbi oxide. Ngokukhathalela imikhando athuthukile abomvu, ansundu kakhulu, njalo magnetite futhi hematite - basuke kubhekwe abacebile kakhulu futhi iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-50% we-metal. Ngu abampofu zihlanganisa lezo Ukwakheka kancane ewusizo - 25%.

Ukwakheka nsimbi

Magnetic nsimbi kakhulu okusansimbi oxide. Iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-70% okumsulwa, kodwa ezifakwa kwenzeka kanye nesibabule pyrites, kwesinye isikhathi zinc blende nezinye izinto. Lodestone kubhekwa the best of the imikhando esetshenziswa. Hematite iqukethe-70% yensimbi. yensimbi Red - yensimbi oxide - omunye okumsulwa imithombo ukukhiqizwa metal. A analogs brown ngu-60% okuqukethwe zensimbi zatholakala ukungcola, ngezinye izikhathi eziyingozi. Ziyakwazi aqueous yensimbi oxide futhi ephelezelwa cishe yonke imikhando yensimbi. Futhi kalula elula zokukhiqiza, ukucubungula, Nokho, insimbi eyatholakala kusukela kulolu hlobo ore ka ukhwaliti ongaphakeme.

Ngokwe-nsimbi idiphozi imvelaphi, bahlukene ngezigaba ezintathu ezinkulu.

1. Endogenous noma magmatogene. kumiswa wabo ngenxa izinqubo geochemical okwenzeka ekujuleni ungqimba lomhlaba, imicimbi magmatic.
2. Exogenous, noma ngaphezulu, imali zadalwa ngenxa izinqubo ezenzeka kule ndawo ubuso ungqimba lomhlaba, okungukuthi, phansi emachibini, emifuleni nasolwandle.
3. kwamiswa ezifakwa Metamorphogenic ngesikhathi ukujula eyanele kusukela umhlaba ebusweni ngaphansi umfutho ophakeme futhi izinga lokushisa elifanayo.

Nsimbi izinqolobane kuleli zwe

Russia amumethe ehlukahlukene. Enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele - kuyinto le eKursk Magnetic Anomaly, ehlanganisa cishe 50% reserves emhlabeni. Kule ndawo, ama-anomaly kazibuthe laligujwa ekhulwini XVIII, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa imali waqala kuphela 30s kwekhulu elidlule. ore izinqolobane echibini nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu metal okumsulwa, kubalwa izinkulungwane zezigidi zamathani nokuba indlela evulekile noma ngaphansi komhlaba.

Bakchar nsimbi idiphozi, okungenye yezinkundla ezinkulu kunazo zonke kuleli zwe kanye nomhlaba, wavula ku 60s kwekhulu elidlule. ore izinqolobane therein lokuhlushwa yensimbi okumsulwa kanye 60% amathani engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-30.

I-Krasnoyarsk Territory kuyinto Abagasskoe ensimini - ne magnetite imikhando. Nokho, kwatholakala-yalolucwaningo 30 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, kwaqala ukuthuthukisa kuphela kwamashumi amahlanu. ENyakatho naseNingizimu esishintshashintshayo wechibi kokuba izimayini ovulekile, futhi nenani eliqondile reserves kuyinto kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-73.

Kwavulwa ngo-1856, iyona wawusasebenza Abakan nsimbi idiphozi. Ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa lwenziwe ngendlela evulekile kanye ne-yalolucwaningo 60 kwekhulu XX - komhlaba ngesikhathi ayi-400 ukujula. okuqukethwe metal oluhlanzekile netshe kuziwa 48%.

nickel ore

Kuyini i-ore nickel? zokwakheka amaminerali ezisetshenziswa kokukhiqiza ngenhloso yale metal, ngokuthi nickel imikhando. Kube sulfide ngethusi kanye nickel okuqukethwe kwensimbi okumsulwa ukuze amaphesenti amane kanye silicate nickel imikhando, okuyinto sibalo efana 2.9%. Uhlobo lokuqala idiphozi ngokuvamile uhlobo magma, futhi imikhando silicate zitholakala ezindaweni weathering uqweqwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha nickel eRussia ixhunyiwe ukuthuthukiswa indawo yabo esifundeni esise-Ural Ephakathi phakathi kwekhulu XIX. Cishe 85% sulphide ezifakwa basuke bagxila Norilsk esifundeni. Imali eNhlonhlweni Taimyr e ukujula nokwehluka reserves amaminerali - omkhulu futhi eyingqayizivele kakhulu emhlabeni, okuyinto 56 we ishadi lesikhathi salezi izakhi. On izinga nickel imikhando Russia akuyona kunabayeni kwamanye amazwe, kanye inzuzo ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho aqukethe izakhi ezingavamile.

Ephakathi naseNingizimu Urals eNhlonhlweni Kola has engaba yishumi amaphesenti nickel sulphide izinsiza emasimini futhi athuthukiswe ezifakwa silicate.

Ore Russia zinezikhathi inombolo bese ezihlukahlukene adingekayo izicelo ezimbonini. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zingabantu izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi engokwemvelo lokukhiqiza, ukusabalalisa engalingani ezweni lonke, a ukungafani isisetshenziswa Kwabiwa esifundeni nge kwabantu of labantu.