Kuyini ephathwa inyumoniya futhi indlela yokuphatha?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-pneumonia - yisishiso emaphashini. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi lesi sifo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyingozi ukwedlula indlela efanele yokubhekana nayo, yini imiphumela yawo, izici kanye nemiphumela yokwelashwa. Siza umfundi ongenazo nokwelapha, ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini i-pneumonia - umsebenzi kulesi sihloko.

ulwazi Special yezokwelapha i-pneumonia namuhla ifinyelele ukujula okukhulu ngokwesayensi futhi emtholampilo. Kwakukhona izidakamizwa ezinamandla yesimanje ukusiza ukulwa nalesi sifo futhi ukunqoba it.

Futhi namanje uqhubeke yizifo ezinjenge-pneumonia. Ikakhulukazi isifo scary, njengasezikhathini zangaphambili, izibonakalisa phakathi izingane ezincane. Umzimba wengane ibuthakathaka, kungenzeka nzima inyumoniya e isiguli abasha izindlela zokuphila esindayo futhi esongela.

Ingqikithi yalo isifo - igciwane esithathelanayo ijwabu wamaphaphu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona amagciwane kuhlasela futhi amagciwane e-alveoli (Amagwebu ezakha izicubu namaphaphu). Lapho ama-alveoli ukuphefumula enempilo kwenzeka kanje. Phakathi lapho ephefumula, bagxila-mpilo kudingekile ekuphileni. Khona-ke, ngegazi siyahluka wonke umzimba. Phakathi awumoya okhishwa ngamakhala, le dioxide qeda carbon nezinye ukungcola gaseous eziyingozi zidlulela ngalé kokulimala emzimbeni, kanye ukubanjwa kweqhaza alveoli.

An yendaba-X-ray pneumonia ngokuvamile ichaza, emsiza ekumiseni uphethwe yini. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukucacisa kabusha ukuhlolwa. Kulokhu, adalule nesineke emisebeni eyingozi ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa akuyona efiselekayo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu unamathele nezinye, izindlela ezivamile ezingaphezu lokuhlolwa nokuphepha: eshaywayo (eshaywayo iminwe) kanye auscultation (ukulalela ngokusebenzisa "ipayipi" - IselulekoSesihenqo). yesifo kungaba ahlukahlukene ukuze ngezinye izikhathi udokotela sengathi akuyona mayelana inyumoniya, kodwa iqembu lonke izifo ezahlukene kakhulu.

Ukwahlukanisa inyumoniya - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa iziguli abazoba (abadala), futhi ikakhulukazi abanezingane ezincane kudingeka okungenani ukuqonda sakugcina amafomu i-pneumonia, ukuqonda udokotela engxoxweni kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo.

• Kuye onjani hit okuncane, ezahlukene inyumoniya kwesokunxele Emaceleni, kwesokudla emaceleni futhi kabili emaceleni.
• Uma wamaphaphu is abavusa okuyingxenye kencani ngakho - ingxenye (zazo aqukethe inani ukukhanya) itholwa inyumoniya segmental. Ngokwesibonelo, e iphaphu eligulayo ngokuyinhloko ukunquma inyumoniya basal.
• A ebanzi umzimba Ukusabalala (iphesenti ukukhanya) inika i-pneumonia lobar. Ifomu olunzima kunalo lonke ake ke - pneumonia lobar.
• Kaningi kuyenzeka, kwakungenakwenzeka ngesikhathi ukumisa ukuvuvukala. Kulokhu, it ihlanganisa wonke umzimba njalo sibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia Imininingwane.

Isifo samaphaphu kubhekwa eyinhloko lapho waqala ngaphandle ukuxhumana isiphi esinye isifo.

inyumoniya Secondary zibangelwa ngezinye izifo (okufana ezivamile - ngenxa ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula) futhi lihambisana kubo. Lapho i-pneumonia yesibili iphathwa kwasekuqaleni, isifo esikhulu futhi ngokulinganisa - zona kanye nenyumoniya.

Enye i-pneumonia eziyingozi kakhulu - immunodeficient. It uhlasela isifo ezigulini immunocompromised, kuhlanganise izinsana, ogama Ukuvikelwa akukabi isikhathi ukuthuthukisa. Ekuveleni isizinda immunodeficiency, inyumoniya enjalo ithumba nomnotho wonke umzimba, okungakwazi ukumelana naso. Nokufa yizifo ezinjenge-pneumonia ophakeme kakhulu.

Ngezinye esibhedlela (nosocomial) pneumonia, iziguli esibhedlela (ikakhulukazi asebekhulile), futhi izingane izibhedlela womama ukuthi utheleleke nge nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi, ekwazi ukuba amelane nemithi elwa. inyumoniya Community-aluthola kucabanga ezinjalo azixhunyiwe.

Kuyini i-pneumonia kubangelwa nezilwanyana ezincane ezahlukene?

ejenti Causative pneumonia, njengoba umthetho, kukhona ama-bacterium pneumococcus. Kokunye iqembu labo - Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lezi nezilwanyana ezincanyana, naphezu umsebenzi ongaphezu kovamile nengozi singangena kule elwa namagciwane.

Kuyinto nzima ukwakha isu ukwelashwa uma inyumoniya kubangelwa nezilwanyana ezincane ezithile - Klebsiella futhi Legionella, i-chlamydia kanye mycoplasma. Lokhu flora kuyindlela zesikhashana phakathi lamagciwane. Kuyinto anenkani eziningi. Amagciwane okunjalo kungaba ukuhlasela amaphaphu bronchi esikhathini esifushane, ekuthumbeni umzimba kakhudlwana futhi ebanzi ngaphezulu komhlaba. Ngokuvamile imbangela pneumonia nosocomial. I simo yokuthuthukisa isifo ezimweni ezinjalo - by kuze nenyumoniya Imininingwane ebalulekile, umhlahlo esindayo.

Amagciwane kukhona wamaphaphu asesibelethweni ezimbili indlela: ngokusebenzisa uhlelo zokuphefumula noma ngemithambo yegazi. Ukuya bronchi, izilokazane ezincane kuthiwa imali kuzo futhi baqala ukwanda. Kulesi sigaba, ukubukela ifomu ezinye ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, udokotela kuphetha ukuvuvukala bronchioles (yamaphaphu amagatsha bronchial ku lobules). Ukusabalala ukuvuvukala amashubhu bronchial we-alveoli kubangela i-pneumonia eqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-alveoli kukhona umkhiqizo womsebenzi nezilwanyana ezincane - uketshezi. It ligamanxa le lumens imithambo yegazi, futhi ovela emaphashini lingene egazini iyeke flow-mpilo. Ingozi zalesi sigaba, awukwazi ngisho ukuphawula.

izindlela inyumoniya uphethwe zihlukaniswe eziyisisekelo sezihambile.

Izindlela eziyinhloko:

• -X-ray cwaningo;
• ukuthatha isikhwehlela luhlolo ezincane;
• ukuthatha isikhwehlela for kokuhlwanyela (isiko nezilwanyana ezincane wande isivuno endaweni yokucwaninga, inqubo ukukhiqizwa kabusha siyenzeka nokuhlaziwa);
• ukuthatha igazi ukuhlaziywa jikelele;
• ukuhlolwa igazi ku-biochemistry;
• ukuqhuba igazi ukuhlaziywa igesi.

izindlela engeziwe:

• cwaningo ikhompyutha-tomographic;
• biopsy ka wamaphaphu izicubu;
• Umchamo.

Kukhethwa izindlela ngowamagunya udokotela, ophuma izimpawu isithombe kanye syndromes i-pneumonia.

Ngoba impatho, njengoba umthetho, akhethiwe antibiotic. I ngokuqondile kakhulu basuke wacosha, uyophumelela kuyoba ukulwa nesifo.

Esikhathini sethu, abantu abangu zigonyelwe pneumococcus. Prakthiza luye lwabonisa ukuthi ziyasebenza. Nazo kufanele kube ingane zasenkulisa ubudala ngokuya zazo udokotela.

Ngisho noma i-pneumonia esesindile, kukushiya iminonjana emzimbeni okungenamsoco, okungase Okunye ukubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni nezifo ezingamahlala khona.

Ukuze sibonise lokhu, cabanga ukuthi i-pneumonia segmental ezinjalo bese uthinta phansi odabeni lokufaneleka mycoplasma nenyumoniya.

Njengoba i-pneumonia segmental nomthelela ingxenye izicubu wamaphaphu ku-x-reyi ngokucacile imingcele ebonakalayo ukusuka endaweni yenhlekelele. Kuthi kulula inkinga uphethwe.

Uma i-pneumonia segmental, ayinzima, kungagcina cyclically (ne ukuhamba futhi ukubuya izimpawu). Endaweni ethintekile izicubu resorption kwenzeka kusukela mayelana 5th ukuze izinsuku 9th ukusuka ekuthomeni lesi sifo.

Ngokuvamile kwenzeka atelectasis (wamaphaphu ehlala, awukwazi crack bese ulahlekelwa umsebenzi zokuphefumula endaweni ethintekile).

Lapho lesi sifo atelectasis kuba eside - amasonto nezinyanga. Waselala wamaphaphu izicubu imila fibrous (zezinzwa) izicubu. izicubu fibrous akuyona ongenza imisebenzi ezikhethekile, ngeke iqhaza ukuphefumula. Ngo wamaphaphu esishintshashintshayo fibrotic akhiwa iphuzu zokuphefumula umbono - efile.

Ngenxa yalokho, segmental inyumoniya angagcina ezingamahlalakhona wamaphaphu ukuvuvukala cystic (ngokweqile isamba atelectasis isifo).

cystic yamaphaphu alelapheki. ukuphila wesiguli uyohlupha kufushane okunzima umoya. Umzimba ngenxa yokuntuleka umsebenzi zokuphefumula, uzoqhubeka ukuzwa yokushodelwa umoya.

Mycoplasma inyumoniya kubangelwa lwegciwane olumelana nemithi ethile elwa namagciwane (penicillin akuzange kusize, i-streptomycin, njll). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le mycoplasma ayikwazi simelane tetracycline antibiotic.

Ukuhlala mycoplasma kwezitho urogenital. Kusuka lapho ngemithambo yegazi lingena umgudu wokuphefumula. ukutheleleka naphakathi ungahlosile zingase ziphathe umuntu enempilo by amaconsi sisemoyeni (umoya kuyo, thimula noma ukukhwehlela), futhi ngokocansi. Lokhu inyumoniya abakhulelwe esabekayo: kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka intrauterine umbungu.

Lesi sifo kwenzeka amafomu alandelayo:

• acute nezifo zokuphefumula (ukuvuvukala yangaphakathi umgudu evele);
• pneumonia oyingozi;
• urethritis (ukuvuvukala urethra);
• izifo gynecological ukuvuvukala.

Mycoplasma inyumoniya ziphathwe tetracycline, kanye nezinqubo ekhethekile ngokumelene yiluphi uhlobo-pneumonia. Izinqubo ezinjalo zihlanganisa ukwelashwa nge-oksijini bronchodilators (imithi, ngenxa okuyinto reception uvuleke bronchi, futhi emoyeni uthola ukufinyelela emaphashini).

Mycoplasma nenyumoniya sezulu esihle. Nokho, uma awuboni ukuqala isifo futhi uqale ukwelashwa ngasekupheleni, ukuxakeka kungenzeka noma ukufa.

A uhambo olufushane ku isayensi ukuvuvukala emaphashini ngomzamo razyasnit yini i-pneumonia, kusiza ukuze kukhunjuzwe umfundi ingozi yalesi sifo. Dry, "barking" ukukhwehlela, okuyinto njalo ngehora uya uqina buhlungu, imfiva omnene, ukuwaphendula izidakamizwa antipyretic - isizathu ukwelashwa ngokushesha kudokotela. Ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma izingane ubudala zasenkulisa nabantu abadala.