Kuyini dolobha?

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ososayensi baye bame kwelokuthi dolobha ezinjalo. Okwamanje, akukho definition ocacile ukuthi ngabe ukwanelisa wonke umuntu. Abanye banombono wokuthi imali isitoko kwezimpahla namasevisi noma ingcebo. Abanye, lapho bebuzwa ukuthi iyinhloko-dolobha, bethi siwumsebenzi nesigcino izindlela zokukhiqiza, ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe senqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo.

Kunoma ikuphi, kusho nokutholakala kwezinsiza ngawo usomabhizinisi uthola iholo. Ngokuvamile abantu becabanga ukuthi inhlokodolobha nge isimo sezimali, okungukuthi - inani lemali inikeza yokufuna zonke nezinto ezidingekayo ukuqalisa umsebenzi zokukhiqiza. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi inhlokodolobha uyinsiza eyodwa kuphela ukuthi kuletha inzuzo kumnikazi kungase kubhekwe njengokuvamile. Ngokwesibonelo, une ezinhle lokuthunga machine - value isitokwe ezinsiza, kodwa hhayi inhloko-dolobha. Kubo kuyoba kuphela ngemva umshini uya ezandleni professional yokuthunga esitolo, okungukuthi, emva kusungulwa umsebenzi zokukhiqiza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke usomabhizinisi kufanele baqonde ukuthi imali accounting. Lubonakaliswa Ngokwamanani emali, kungaba ibalwe njengoba umehluko phakathi amafa Imininingwane nezikweletu ibhalansi. Capital kwebhizinisi noma inhlangano zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili main:

- eziyisisekelo;

- kungaxoxwa.

Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa labo izinsiza abathintekayo inqubo ukukhiqizwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kancane kancane ngokudlulisela ukubaluleka kwabo izindleko izimpahla, okuyinto kamuva wentengo emakethe. inhlokodolobha okungaguquki akashintshi njengoba injalo ngokomzimba futhi ezitatimendeni zezimali kukholamu kwaphawula "ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi". Izibonelo izinsiza ezinjalo zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa, ezokuthutha, imishini, amabhilidi ezihlukahlukene, ngisho yokusungula. Ngaphansi kokusebenza libhekisela ukuthi iqembu izindlela zokukhiqiza, okuyinto ehilelekile womshini umkhiqizo omusha phakathi komunye umjikelezo, ngokuvamile esingaphansi konyaka, ukushintsha injalo eziphathekayo. Izindleko kulezi ngokugcwele emananini imikhiqizo isiqedile. Njengoba inhloko-dolobha ukusebenza kukhona imikhiqizo Semi-siphelile, izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukheshi kanye nokunye.

Ukuphendula umbuzo ngalokho inhlokodolobha, kuyaqondakala ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi is owned by usomabhizinisi. Kodwa lokhu akulona njalo kweqiniso, ngoba dolobha zingahlukaniswa zibe siqu waboleka. Empeleni, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe yaba:

• inqolobane;
• Reserve.

Uhlobo lokuqala libizwa lomthetho, ngoba kwakheka it is ngesikhathi kumiswa inkampani njengenkolo esemthethweni. Futhi elithi "reserve" ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi kungaba kuqukathe iminikelo ngabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, inhloko-dolobha ogunyaziwe ebhange, okuyinto inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela inamasheya ngabanye bamasheya ababebeka imali izimali e ukubuya ukuthola nokwabelana. Ngemva kwalokho bekhulisa zimali iholo esitebeleni ngendlela izinzuzo.

Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, njalo inkampani ngokuhamba evamile yebhizinisi ubophekile ukuba adale fund Reserve. It eqoqwe izimali Awenzelwe ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka phezu okuvela izimo ezingezinhle. Reserve dolobha linikeza ithemba inkampani esihlokweni ukuthi ukukhiqizwa izoqhubeka nokusebenza ngempumelelo ngisho uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ezingalindelekile. Lesi sikhwama ukhonza njengelungu uhlobo isiqinisekiso, ngakho lasungulwa ubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile enhlanganweni yenkampani.

Eminyakeni yamuva, zaqala ukusetshenziswa uyinto ezifana inhlokodolobha ibhizinisi. Lihlanganisa zonke amathuluzi kanye nemithombo anawo usomabhizinisi ngesikhathi futhi ehlose ukuqinisekisa operation esitebeleni of inkampani. Enterprise dolobha ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwanelisa izidingo nezifiso zimali, inkampani Imenenja nabasebenzi, ngisho isimo.