Langempela ukuthuthukiswa zone - is ... ukuthuthukiswa langempela endaweni ngokuvumelana Vygotsky

Emndenini lapho kunezingane ezincane, abazali noma kunjalo ukubuza imibuzo lwemfundo noqeqesho. Izingane khona enkulisa iqembu ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo kanye namakhono. amakhono adingekayo akhiwa kwabo izingozi ezivela nxazonke Ngomsebenzi ehlelekile futhi onenjongo othisha. langempela ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo - lena esibalulekile futhi kudingekile nganoma imuphi umuntu. Lesi sihloko Sizokwenza okushiwo lomkhuba, ebekwa usosayensi Soviet. Vygotsky, L. S. waba ngowokuqala ababone kwengane nhlangothi zombili. bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe futhi uhlala efanele kuze kube yilolu suku.

Umqondo elithi

Contemporary Development Zone - kuyikhono eliyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi ingane ngesikhathi sangempela. Kusho ukuthini? Ake sithi kid kuya qembu labasha, ukutadisha umbala nokuma lezinto. Labo imisebenzi ukuthi ongenza bebodwa, ngaphandle kosizo le komfundisi, ungakwazi bakubize a "reserve". Umqondo "indawo yentuthuko langempela" isungule lasuka embonweni wokuthi ingane kufanele wazi ngesikhathi esithile, lokho amakhono ukuthi ngokuvamile usevele engumnikazi kule yingasiphi isikhathi.

Concept L. S. Vygotskogo

Ngokusho usosayensi Soviet, owenza lokhu kuhlola ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukudalwa ulwazi e insizwa yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili: langempela kanye zone yentuthuko proximal. Lamagama ekusungulweni umuntu aphumelele. ngokushesha futhi langempela ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo - lokhu akuyona into efanayo. Yehluka nomunye kakhulu. Omunye umqondo kuhloswe esizayo, abanye unesibopho okwamanje, ithinta okwenzekayo njengamanje.

Vygotsky langempela ukuthuthukiswa zone luyinhlanganisela ulwazi, amakhono kanye namakhono wengane, eyiphathayo ezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi esithile. Ngokusho usosayensi, inqubo yokufunda kufanele kusekelwe eqinisweni ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko eziningana. Asikho isidingo ukunikeza imisebenzi lapho umntwana akakabi ngomumo, futhi kanjani hhayi ukuba "stagnate", benza into efanayo. Ukulethwa impahla kumele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana kangakanani ingane wavuthwa ngengqondo kuye, kodwa njalo kunesikhala for kuye.

kanjani amakhono?

zamanje Child Development Zone - liyinqolobane izici ezintsha. Ulwazi oluthe xaxa umuntu anakho, abazifezile ezinkulu ezilindele ukuba afike. amakhono okusha akhiwa ngokwakha izixhumanisi nemibono ngetintfo letisesitfombeni kanye izenzakalo ngesisekelo ulwazi ekhona mayelana nezwe.

Man njalo ukhululekile e izimo ezifanayo. Futhi uma ingane ingakhulumi ngokuqondile ngama ukubhekana naso isikhathi eside kuyoba ezingeni elifanayo. Inguquko esigabeni esilandelayo kufanelekile ukuba ngicacise bona nemininingwane efanele noma ukuxazulula inkinga ukuthi yake kakhulu kuye. Ukuze wenze ulwazi siqu sakhe, kumele adluliselwe "ulwazi elula" amakhono ngabanye leqembu. Lapha indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu nemizwa nemizwelo. It is waphawula ukuthi isithakazelo ngekhanda kuyinto esebenza kahle kakhulu kangakanani.

Kanjani ukwakha ekilasini?

Ngakho ukuthi ahlinzeke benzuzo, ukuthuthukiswa wengane kufanele kusishukumisele ngokushelela. Amakilasi kumele ahlanganiswe nomunye, kungenjalo kahle ngeke okusezingeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, uma izingane ukufunda incwadi "A" on isifundo sokuqala, qala olandelayo kungcono ukuphinda yahamba phambili, kunokuba sisisebenzisela ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungenjalo ngeke ibe isisusa ukufunda izinto ezintsha. Zone yentuthuko proximal futhi langempela - kukhona imibono ehlukene. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kube maqondana obunobunye komunye nomunye. Njengoba ngokuvamile ulwazi entsha umphelelisi nokwelulwa ayengaphansi, ukuphindaphinda esesizifundile kakade kwenza lokho okushilo kugxile umqondo mayelana nale ndaba, it yakha umbono ephelele okwengeziwe imiqondo ethile.

Amakilasi kufanele sihlelwe ngendlela ezifana ukusiza ingane ukwakha buthelela ulwazi ngaye futhi elalibazungezile ne benzuzo bona. langempela ukuthuthukiswa zone Vygotsky kusho ukugxila impumelelo ekhona ukuze asize ukuthuthukisa amakhono amasha.

ukumodeliswa umsebenzi

Kuyinto ngokuphelele eba emihle motor amakhono kweminwe kanye kusiza ukwenza kusebenze umsebenzi ngokwengqondo. Isikhunta kungaba noma yini oyifunayo, kodwa kungcono ukunikeza umsebenzi ukwakha ngobumba zaziwe ingane noma isilwane ukuthi "aphethwe" ku ekilasini enkulisa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma zokugcina sihloko cwaningo ezifuywayo, ungacela izingane ukuba ambumbe labo abamele ngubani ezikuthandayo engcono.

Uma unikezwa umsebenzi othize ukuba ihhashi izimpumputhe noma inja, kulesi simo, ingane kuyokwenziwa kuphela ukukhetha futhi umcabango wakho siqu. langempela ukuthuthukiswa zone - uhlale ukunyakaza okunenjongo phambili lusekelwe olwazini ezikhona.

ukuvivinya umzimba

Cishe akudingeki uqale ukukhuluma ngalokho uyazuza ukuletha ngokomzimba Ezifundweni. Abakwazi kwenziwe noma ejimini noma ngaphandle. umzimba ukuthuthukisa imisipha, ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi impilo jikelele. Ukubhukuda kuyinto izindlela ezinhle kakhulu tempering futhi ubangela ukuthi makabe nombono oqondile ngokuphila.

Uma ingane azikwazi ukubhukuda, ekilasini lokuqala ukuqala ukuze amsize ukujwayela amanzi, a zizule kancane azungeze ichibi noma amanzi. Ningalokothi ashesha ukwenza ukunyakaza abukhali. Phakathi kumiswa amakhono adingekayo ukuze Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, kudingeka uqinise futhi sandise imiqondo le.

Nezinzuzo zokufunda

Lutho ngakho ukhuthaza kwezingane, efana incwadi. Ukufunda sithuthukisa ukwethembana phakathi komzali nengane yakhe, kunomthelela ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo lehlukene ekucabanga kwengcondvo netintfo ikakhulukazi inkulumo. Lapho ingane iqala ukungenza izinhlamvu ku amaqoqo bese amazwi, kukhona ukusebenza enamandla umsebenzi ubuchopho ukuthi kubangela ukwakheka impumelelo olwengeziwe.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi akubona bonke abantwana onginike kalula inqubo yokufunda lokufunda. Lo msebenzi okhandlayo ukuthi lidinga amandla. Udinga ukuba bafunde izinhlamvu ukuze aphuma incwadi eyodwa kuya kwenye kwenziwa yini ngokulandelana (isib, kusukela "A" "B", "B"), futhi ngokushelela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekuqaleni, ungakwazi ukuhlola yonke onkamisa, avumele ingane ukuba nomuzwa vocal zabo, bese uqhubekela phambili ongwaqa. Songa amaqoqo kuhle ukuqala ngesikhathi lapho ingane isivele owayeyazi kahle izincwadi, cishe wayephambanisa nabo nomunye, kanti ulwazi onkamisa kubalulekile.

Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa langempela le ndawo - ingxenye ezinkulu kwetinhlavu umuntu ofuna ukulingana ezingaphezu kuka wemfanelo. Iyatholakala ulwazi ingane emhlabeni, wena Ungakusebenzisa ngendlela eyakhayo, uma wazi kanjani ukwandisa kwaleyo mingcele.