Kungenzeka yini ukuba baxhumane njengabafokazi? Sasihamba ngendiza siye khona njengabafokazi emhlabeni?

Emuva ngawo-1960, lwalumumethe umzamo wokuqala ukuba baxhumane njengabafokazi, usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe okusezingeni eliphezulu. Khona-ke, oyisazi sezinkanyezi okuthiwa uFrank Drake e amathemba ukubamba isignali ezidalweni ezingekho ezivela kwenye wathumela izinkanyezi ezimbili sunlike a Itheleskopu yerediyo ine. Basuke akhiwe kude zeminyaka 11 ukukhanya okuvela iplanethi yethu. Lokhu experiment akazange alethe izithelo. Nokho, phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ezayo nakuba singazi baxhumane njengabafokazi, kodwa wafunda ngokusebenzelana kancane okwengeziwe.

Ingabe kukhona ukuphila ezingaphezu kokwenza emkhathini ongaphandle

Okokuqala, oluye lwenziwa muva abonisa ukuthi ukuphila kule planethi yethu zigcinwe endaweni kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Amagciwane, ukuhlafuna i-methane, siphile ekujuleni kolwandle emadwaleni. Bayakwazi ukuqhubeka ephila ngaphansi kwezimo elingenawo umoya-abampofu, ngisho ekujuleni ezinkulu. Betholakala khona ngisho e-Antarctica, ngaphansi kwesigamu ungqimba ikhilomitha ice, lapho izigidi zeminyaka awazange ayiphule kwelanga. Uma lezi zilwane ezincane kungaba siphila ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kwamanye amaplanethi bathuthele like nokuswela.

Okwesibili, abacwaningi baye bathola ukuthi namanzi, okuyinto litshwayo ukuphila emhlabeni, akukho kuphela Emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Europe kanye Ganymede (satellite of Jupiter) gubadlela izilwandle ezinkulu, okuyizinto kuthi akufane nokwenzeka umhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi yakhe arctic. amathemba esihle sokuphila okuza show kanye izinyanga eziningi Saturn. Titan, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke kanye ngobukhulu inyanga ka-Saturn, has a ongaqondakali methane ulwandle.

Okwesithathu, ososayensi baye bathola kuka 1,800 exoplanets ngaphandle komthala wethu. Milky Way kungaba nje angaba yizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu amaplanethi. Esisodwa kweziyisihlanu wabo angaba njengamafutha Earth. Uma ngisho 1% wazo zonke amaplanethi ku-Milky Way, uyofana Umhlaba, izinombolo kuyoba umxhwele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi baye eside ekufuneni impilo emkhathini.

Ingabe njengabafokazi ufika Emhlabeni

Luningi ubufakazi ukuthi lembulunga yethu ezikhathini zasendulo ngokuvakashela nezidalwa ezihlala kwamanye amaplanethi. Ezinye amaqiniso nje abakwazi zingachazwa ngezinqubo okunye.

Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, "zobuciko eziyinqaba" wathola abavubukuli. Umsuka walezi zinto kusobala ezenziwe umuntu, kodwa iminyaka yabo balinganiselwa ku amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa elixhumanisa Vladivostok esiqhingini isiRashiya, metal izingcezwana kukholamu inhlabathi atholakele, ogama yobudala engu-240 million ubudala. Ukuhloniphana endaweni yokucwaninga babonisile ukuthi kufanele asebenze ndawonye ngezitho ukucacisa izindlela. Kodwa ngubani ongaveza kubo ngaleso sikhathi?

Lilliput emathuneni, atholakala 1937 emngceleni Tibet neChina, namanje ungayeki ukuphumula ososayensi. Ngolunye lwalezo headstones kulotshiwe ukuthi umhlaba ayizinkulungwane 13. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule efika-amathonsi, kodwa umkhumbi ibhanoyi, ngakho baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale kule mbulunga. Mhlawumbe kwakunjalo ngalesosikhathi, Ungowokuqala okuxhunyanwa naye nge njengabafokazi. Noma kunjalo, kulezi zindawo kusukela Lilliputians bukhoma, ogama ukukhula ingeqi 120 cm. Babiza ngokwabo kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka amathonsi.

Obunye ubufakazi bokuthi njengabafokazi wavakashela Earth, - iBhayibheli. Encwadini kaHezekeli, kanye eTestamenteni Elidala uchaza lobuchwepheshe apharathasi izingelosi ngisho uNkulunkulu wasebenzisa zehlele Earth. Yiqiniso, lokhu kudinga ku umbuzo kwendlela uNkulunkulu asungula ngayo lezi zidalwa, kodwa kuqinisekisa umbono ukuthi lembulunga yethu endulo lo njengabafokazi ifike. Kungenzeka kahle kubantu abaningi, uma kungekhona sonke, zinomsuka ezisemkhathini.

Ngakho, asikwazi ngakususi oxhumana nabo njengabafokazi. Ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi umhlangano nabo kungenzeka kahle. Abantu ukulungele ukuthola le yengeza izitshengiselo ezivela kwamanye isikhala. Kuze kube yimanje, uhlelo olukhethekile lakhiwe ngisho, esiphila kuso manje nixoxe.

uhlelo Seti

Seti - yigama ezivamile imisebenzi kanye amaphrojekthi ahloselwe ukuxhumana nezakhamuzi yokusesha osomaqhinga ezisemkhathini. Abacwaningi, ukusebenza ohlelweni, iphupho into eyodwa: ukubamba isignali kwezomculo abameleli intelligence ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba, ezama ukuxhumana nabantu. Ngo-1989, bathola ekhethekile olandelwayo contact nge njengabafokazi, okwakubekelwa kulekelelwa ngo-2010.

Yini ongayenza uma ubuhlobo nawe washiya Ufo? Xhumana ne njengabafokazi, imfihlo Yiqiniso, asikwazi igcinwe. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuba banamathele imithetho elandelayo yakhelwe Seti:

• ubani uthola isignali kumele okokuqala yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ke kuwukuhlakanipha ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba, hhayi umsindo womuntu noma yemvelo kungenzeka lwaluvelaphi;
• obala imiphumela owangena isiginali, kudingeka ukuxwayisa abameleli Seti ngasese, ngakho babekwazi ukuqinisekisa khona kanye ukujoyina amabutho silitadishe;
• owathola uyotshela i- General Secretariat eNhlangano yeziZwe kanye i-International Astronomical Society;
• isiginali kufanele iphendvulwe kuphela emva kokubonisana zamazwe ngamazwe.

Abaningi isikhala abathanda baye bazama baxhumane nabantu abangabafokazi. Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje yonke imilayezo engaphenduliwe. Ukwahlulela nge strangeness amaningi le miyalezo, kuba yinto enhle, ngoba akekho owaziyo ukuthi njengabafokazi cabanga lwesintu, uma ukubamba lezi zimpawu. Sikunikeza ukuba simazi ne imizamo edume kakhulu futhi engavamile ukuba ngixhumane njengabafokazi.

Nqampuna Imibuthano

Okwamanje, ukubukeka yinqaba amaphetheni weJiyomethri emasimini ngokuvamile udumo zabezizwe, kodwa ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngale ndlela akuzona njengabafokazi, futhi abantu bezama baxhumane izinhlanga engaziwa. Ngakho, Carl Friedrich Gauss, sezibalo esidumile German ngubani inkanuko nentshisekelo geodesy e 1820 wanquma umlayezo kufanele khona isesihlalweni ngeso nyoni ukuba zabezizwe uwafunde. Ngakho-ke sezibalo ezihlongozwayo okulandelayo: kuyadingeka ukuze unciphise bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli ehlathini laseSiberia. Kufanele kuthathe ngendlela unxantathu omkhulu, bese ukuhlwanyela rye yakhe.

Lena akuyona indlela kuphela ukuze baxhumane nalowo njengabafokazi, ehlongozwayo ngu Gauss. Kuyaziwa ukuthi liphinde baklama umshini esikhethekile kokunikeza amasignali ukukhanya elide. Wabiza helioscope. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu izilinganiso geodetic, kodwa ngosizo kwelanga kubonakala, "uyise wabo wezibalo" ubezama ngixhumane njengabafokazi Earthlings.

iminyaka engu-20 kamuva, uJosefa von Littrow, oyisazi sezinkanyezi sase-Austria, owayekholelwa ukuthi inyanga is owakhiwe, okunikelwe bambe isiyingi 30-ikhilomitha emseleni e ogwadule eSahara. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba sigcwale kaphalafini wokhele ebusuku, nakwabakhileyo inyanga wabona kithi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zombili lezi ososayensi - futhi Littrow, futhi Gauss - wayekholelwa ukuthi ngamajamo weJiyomethri - yindlela ephelele ukuze udlulisele isigijimi zabezizwe njengoba imithetho zezibalo kungaphansi yonke.

Ukukhanya kanzulu

Indlela njengabafokazi ukuxhumana kungaba nabantu? Imininingwane wacabanga Sharl KRO, ke kungaba kwenziwe ngosizo ukukhanya. Lo mbhali wezinkondlo French kanye umsunguli kanye kubonakala phezu Venus ne-Mars egqwalile izibani (cishe base ezinye izenzakalo sezulu), yanquma ukuthi ukukhanya amadolobha alien. Ngo-1867, Sharl KRO wabhala "Sibutsetelo uxhumano zingenzeka amaplanethi", futhi eminyakeni engu-2 kamuva ezihlongozwayo ukusebenzisa i- "wenzuzo" ukukhanya kagesi kanye isiqondiso ikusasa ke maqondana Venus ne-Mars esibukweni ekhethekile parabolic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayekholelwa ukuthi lo mcwaningi, le Rays ngokuqinisekile kudingeka flash ukuthola uhlobo Morse code.

Cro babekholelwa: zifiki baqonde ukuthi lo mlayezo kunokuba izinkanyezi shining. Nokho, abacwaningi angabaze ukuthi ukukhulekela okunjalo kuyinselele ongaxazulula izibuko ezincane. Ngakho-ke, wacela Uhulumeni French nge isicelo ukufaka ukubonakalisa giant parabolic endaweni ethile ogwadule. UHLU LWEZIKHALAZO umsunguli ngeshwa, waliwa, + ngakho-ke akulona iphupho lifezekile olusankondlo Cro contact ehlakaniphe ezisemkhathini.

Plates ka "Amaphayona"

NASA ngasekuqaleni 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule umkhankaso emkhathini mkhathi unmanned, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "Pioneer 10" futhi "Pioneer 11". Umsebenti wabo kwaba ukuhlola uJupiter Saturn, ngokulandelana. Nokho, le mikhumbi kwawo yayiphawuleka nzima hhayi kuphela ukugxusha lobuchwepheshe. Ezinhlangothini zazo babe ipuleti engavamile eyenziwe aluminium anodized. Kungani ababesidinga?

Frenk Dreyk futhi UCarl Sagan, isazi sezinkanyezi esidumile, bekholelwa ukuthi ukusiza zifiki baqonde indlela futhi kungani inzuzo "Amaphayona". On amapuleti exhunywe umkhumbi iye schematically emelelwa komthala wethu, unikezwa ibanga eLangeni ukuze iplanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-athomu ye-hydrogen kubo, iduna nensikazi bachazwa.

Ngeshwa, i-NASA badukelana umkhumbi "Pioneer 10" ngo-2003, futhi eminyakeni engu-2 kamuva, futhi ne "Pioneer 11". Ngakho-ke, siye ayitholakalanga ukuthi njengabafokazi ukuqonda lezi zibalo. Abagxeki namanje bayaphikisana ngokuthi lesi senzo kuyinto ucwaningo ebalulekile ezesayensi noma umane sadlala imali yize. Mhlawumbe njengabafokazi ekujaheni ukuze baxhumane nalowo kithi.

imiyalezo Space wathumela abantu abangenandaba nemiphumela ethile engathandeki eziningi. Bangakwazi kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi amaphilisi. Khumbula, isibonelo, "Crypt Yempucuko", etholakala e-US esifundazweni saseGeorgia (e Olgtorpskom University). Lokhu capsule indawo, okwakubekelwa hermetically uphawu ngo-1940. Ngaphakathi kuba iqoqo lezinto, kuhlanganise script for ifilimu "Gone ne-Wind" futhi ubhiya emaphaketheni.

I Crypt Yiqiniso, uJesu wazalwa isiko isikhunta kwekhulu lama-20, aqondiswa ku inzalo ka Earthlings. Kodwa yena, njengabo umyalezo intergalactic, inikeza umqondo awuzwakali kahle kakhulu ngezici kwenkathi. It okumele ukuvula ngokusebenzisa iminyaka 6100. Qonda ukuthi abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ifilimu "Gone ne-Wind"?

Marek Kultis uchaza ukuthi akukho incazelo nobunzima izithombe kwendikimba besifazane nebesilisa ngezakhamuzi lanamuhla zomhlaba. Nokho, uma 'Pioneer "kuzofanele zabezizwe, kungenzeka wayezitshela ukuthi indoda - kungcono nje iqoqo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba (izinwele, ubuso, imisipha pectoral wesilisa, evezwa sibalo ngesimo avaliwe izibalo ngabanye). Njengobe abengakwati konkhe loko Earthlings, singacabanga mayelana lokuthi bahlala phezu kwalezi zibalo futhi ukumela izidalwa eside snake-like (umugqa evulekile, ebonisa ngamadolo, ingqwababa nesisu).

Arecibo Umlayezo

Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba kwethulwa uhlelo oluthi "Amaphayona", izazi zezinkanyezi ukukhuthalele ukuxoxa umbuzo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba baxhumane sempucuko eyinqaba ngosizo amasignali omsakazo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kungukuthi engaka ehlaselwe uthuli cosmic, njengoba ukukhanya. Futhi, amasignali omsakazo inamandla eside. Labo Sagan futhi Drake necebo umlayezo ukuthi siqukethe kwamadijithi 1679. Kuyo ngemfihlo ifomula DNA, futhi nenombolo athomu ye-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo kanye nezinye izakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imilayezo eliqukethe izinombolo 1 kuya ku-10 ngakubili.

Ososayensi Novemba 16, 1974 adluliselwe Arecibo Observatory, eyibanga elise-Puerto Rico, isikhathi isignali yomsakazo we 169 imizuzwana. Bathumela kuye bebheke M13 inkanyezi cluster, akhiwe kude yokukhanya-eminyakeni engaba ngu-25,000 kude iplanethi yethu. It kuvela ukuthi ngisho noma abameleli intelligence ezisemkhathini uzothola aqala ukuthintana njengabafokazi labetibambile iminyaka okungenani eziyinkulungwane 40.

ungcwecwe wegolide

I-US Indawo emela ngo-1977, kuye kwenziwa kwethulwa amayunithi ezimbili, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukufunda amaplanethi yangaphandle yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Sikhuluma amadivayisi "Voyager 1" futhi "Voyager 2". Ngamunye wabo kwaba ifakwe ungcwecwe wegolide ku okuyizinto eqoshiwe izingoma zomculo, ngezilimi ezahlukene, umsindo imvelo, futhi kwakukhona izithombe ukutshela mayelana Earthlings. Zonke efanayo, uKarl Sagan sikhathi necebo uqoshwe icala aluminium amapuleti kohlelo ukufakwa inaliti kwabezizwe kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha umyalezo. Kwathiwa enamathiselwe imiyalelo ukuguqulwa signal isiqophi esithombeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaphawuleka nalokho ijubane okufanele ulahlekelwe lezi amapuleti.

Namuhla, zombili lezi iyunithi landizela onqenqemeni sonozungezilanga. Bangabaholi ezikude kakhulu kusukela Earth izinto yokufakelwa. Zombili lezi amadivaysi Namanje usathumela izimpawu iplanethi yethu, kodwa thina namanje abazange bathole izindaba impendulo evela emkhathini.

"Shayela Cosmic"

Zaytsev Arkadiy Leonidovich oyisazi Russian esicwaninga asteroyidi radar, esungula indlela ukuze baxhumane nalowo njengabafokazi. Kumanje ithumele okungenani 5 imiyalezo interstellar, abanye babo multi. Emuva ngo-1999 wathumela ngowokuqala "Isikhala Call" ngaphansi "contact iqembu", adalwe isimo. Lokhu "call" yalotshelwa izinkanyezi ezine ngesikhathi esisodwa. umyalezo umsakazo Zaitseva bekuqukethwe futhi multipage Rosetta Stone. Ngakho ufologists ngokuthi i bitmap, elinikeza ulwazi-encyclopedia mayelana nezwe, okuqondene esintwini.

kwesibili "Isikhala Call" waphonswa ngo-2003. Ngokwemvelo yabo, kwaba kucishe lokuqala, kodwa kwadingeka ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nabantu ngokwabo. Kokubili incwadi yokuqala neyesibili ithunyelwe nge elise e Yalta (Ukraine) radar kwamaplanethi. Ngeshwa, umbuzo ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana njengabafokazi, Arkady Leonidovich kuze ophoqelelwe ukuphendula kule negative. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi umyalezo uyofinyelela izindawo.

By the way, Zaitsev akugcini okungenhla, uzama ukuthola indlela baxhumane nabantu abangabafokazi. Wafika up okulandelayo: nethimba ukuthumela omunye umlayezo umsakazo emkhathini, nokuthi kwenziwa ngo-2001. Ukuze kufezwe lo msebenzi, uye ukhangwa abafundi kusuka eMoscow, eVoronezh Kaluga futhi Zheleznogorsk. Lesi sikhathi, okuqukethwe umyalezo silula. Kunalokho, izibalo kanye nezinye izinto ezinzima ubuciko: abafundi baye basiza ososayensi ukuba ukhethe umculo kwabamele impucuko ezisemkhathini, wathumela, amaza omsakazo ku isiqondiso Big Dipper, nezinye izinkanyezi ezinhlanu nge zonozungezilanga. Ngakho lapho kuzokwenza ukuxhumana njengabafokazi? Uma asisodwa endaweni yonke, "amadoda oluhlaza" kakade 2047 uzokwazi ukujabulela imisebenzi Vivaldi, Beethoven futhi Gershwin.

Ukukhangisa Doritos

EISCAT - Research Institute, okuyinto ngo-2008 kukora isenzo obizayo. Amahora ayisithupha kulesi sikhungo ukusakaza ukukhangisa chips Doritos emkhathini. Kuyinto funny umgomo oyinhloko lesi senzo emikhulu kwaba ukuheha ukunakwa, hhayi nezakhamuzi Earthlings. Iqiniso lokuthi inhlangano kwesayensi eYurophu iphele kakhulu uxhaso ngenxa lokho siyidinga lemali.

ukukhangisa Sokusakaza kwenziwa ngendlela MPEG-ikhodi bese kwenziwe ngosizo radar. Izethameli eziqondiwe lokhu ukukhangisa ukuthi kungenzeka izakhamuzi elise umlaza i-Ursa Major yemifino emthaleni, okuyinto iminyaka ukukhanya 42 kuphela ukusuka kule planethi yethu. Kuyinto ongaziwa ukuthi njengabafokazi obungasabela ngayo kule isikhangiso. Oxhumana nabo, kofakazi bokuzibonela futhi imibono yososayensi musa asinikeza impendulo ecacile yalo mbuzo. Abamele impucuko ezisemkhathini kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo kithi.

Latest Ama ifotho

Njengoba ukuphela kwezwe, kulindeleke ngo-2012, abazange bathathe indawo, igama "Latest Ama ifotho" namuhla umsindo asihlobene. Lo mlayezo cosmic kuyinto capsule ngemifanekiso kuyiplanethi yethu nabakhileyo kuwo. Yena njengamanje udabula yonke. I capsule wathunyelwa isikhala ngenhloso yokuthola zabezizwe futhi sibatshela khona kwethu, uma kwabanye ukuphila isizathu Emhlabeni wake evala.

Umculi Trevor Paglen umsunguli wale phrojekthi ezithakazelisayo. Yena ngempumelelo bayisebenzisa kahle le injabulo esavela emhlabeni apocalypse, ukukhombisa izithombe emhlabeni wenza. Kumele sikhokhe intela Paglenu - imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani okumnandi. Besenkolweni lonke ekuphileni kwesintu. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, umthwebuli babonisane ososayensi engcono zefilosofi besikhathi sethu, ukwenza izithombe okungenzeka kungenzeka. Paglen ke izishise ukuba idiski ekhethekile ultra-ingobo yomlando, bese wathumela emkhathini.

telepathy

Imizamo ngixhumane njengabafokazi ngokuvamile esekelwe ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ethuthukile. Noma kunjalo, kunabantu abathi ukuthi abanayo imishini ukuxhumana ne njengabafokazi. Omunye wabo - Dr. Stiven Grir waziwa kakhulu documentary ifilimu "Sirius", elalinikezelwe abameleli intelligence ezisemkhathini. Stiven Grir uyayazi indlela yokukhulula ithintane nabantu abangabafokazi. Izikhathi eziningi ngonyaka, leli qembu labantu kubutsela amavolontiya, bese uthatha nabo emakhoneni esekusithekeni. Ubanika ukuzindla amaseshini, okuyinto uyathinteka izidalwa ezihlala emkhathini.

Yiqiniso, lokho akusho ukuthi iyi contact sangempela zabezizwe. Nokho, Greer uthi, ukuthi bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabameleli impucuko ezisemkhathini. Ngezinye kulezi zifundo, lezi zisebenzi ukuya ezingeni eliphakeme ukwazi, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi uqonde hhayi nje kuphela indlela uthole ukuxhumana njengabafokazi, kodwa futhi khumbula ukuphindukuzalwa zokugcina. Siyethemba Greer nethimba lakhe ningesona ukuba asabise abameleli intelligence ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba, ngubani ngempela ufuna ukuxhumana nabantu.