Art yaseMesophothamiya: Izici eziyinhloko

Umlando impucuko yaqala eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Engaphezu kweyisithupha nengxenye abantu eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule esigodini kwemifula emibili, i-Ewufrathe neTigrisi, waqala ukwakha maphakathi empucukweni yomhlaba. Manje kule ndawo Iraq. Khona-ke kwaba eMesophothamiya - ezweni lonke, okwakuhilela lalakhiwe abaseBhabhiloni, abaseSiriya, abasePheresiya, Sumerians, Akkadians, kumaKhaledi. Amasiko art Naharayimi izuzwe ukuchuma kwamandla ngalezo zikhathi. Izakhamuzi zaleli zwe baye wadala idolobha amathempeli omkhulu nekubhala balufunda.

Umsuka isiko yaseMesophothamiya

Mhlawumbe, ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko namasiko nomthelela ke inqwaba abantu ahlukahlukene endaweni efanayo. isiko nesi esavela ngemva kokuwa amakhosi, nawo athonywa namaPheresiya yabo futhi amaSiriya. Kwaba Sumerians baba abasunguli izincwadi wezwe. Cuneiform waba negalelo elinamandla ubuciko eMesophothamiya yasendulo, ngoba ngosizo lesi sitayela sekubhala lesingakahleleki zadalwa hhayi kuphela emabhukwini omphakathi kanye azibhala yesayensi, kodwa futhi isebenza yobuciko, imibhalo yenkolo futhi olusankondlo, ezinye zazo zisekhona kuze kube namuhla.

Sumerians wabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa yesayensi umbuso, ziye Kwamiswa izinhlelo ngenkasa kanye izinqaba. Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili BC, ubuciko yaseMesophothamiya yayimelelwe ngemisebenzi isicelo futhi emihle, izincwadi kanye nomculo
imibhalo.

Architecture Naharayimi

izimpi njalo uholé yokuthi indlela eyinhloko izakhiwo yayihloselwe ukwakha inqaba. Izici kokuhle amadolobha yaseMesophothamiya babe esangweni enamandla, iminyango kwagcizelela futhi ozimele, amakholomu esindayo. Bronze izingonyama ibekwe emnyango, baletha abaseBhabhiloni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinhlobo yezakhiwo njengama-cell tower ne-domes, futhi nemengamo. Izindlu ezakhiwa ngobumba isitini, enkabeni yedolobha, njengoba umthetho, kwaba ziggurat.

Amathempeli, ziggurats ayehloselwe ukuba amakholwa ababengase bakwazi ukuza lapho elethe izipho kuNkulunkulu. Kuyinto ubuciko ezakhiwo eMesophothamiya uye wadala lamathempeli edume kakhulu emlandweni - ukwakha uMbhoshongo WaseBhabhele. Kwakuwusuku ukwakhiwa kwemibhoshongo eziyisikhombisa elise eyodwa ngaphezu kwamanye, futhi phezu kwaba engcwele kankulunkulu Marduk. Enye yokwakha ebaluleke - esangweni ka u-Ishtar. EBhabhiloni, ngaleso sikhathi owayese idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke umbuso, wagcwala eziningi zamakhosi namathempeli, kodwa isango enamandla ehlotshiswe amathayili blue ngezithombe yezinkunzi ezihambayo nezilo, wayevelele phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo yezakhiwo.

glyptics

art yaseMesophothamiya walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu glyptics. Lokhu convex, oyindilinga ukubaza usike, ngokuvamile on the itshe (wokunyathelisa, izindandatho isitsha sezimbali, izitsha, bas) oluqanjwe canons. sibalo womuntu njalo ukuboniswa nge ekhaleni kwiphrofayli, imilenze uhlangothi, futhi amehlo ngaphambili. Art ibonisa hhayi ngokoqobo, njengoba nohlu lwezincwadi wathola, isiko elithile yobuciko. Izintaba nemithi nakho ukuboniswa isihlobo kanye afanako. Imisebenzi azibonisi nobunye bomuntu ngamunye ezinhlelo umdali, futhi amandla akhe ukuze adale ebaziwe ngokuvumelana lwezincwadi jikelele. Ngakho-ke, sigcina amasampula glyptic ongahlulela labo isiko yasekuqaleni nesi sisonke, kunokuba kwamanye amakhosi ayo.