Kungani nemikhumbi? Archimedes uchaza

Kukhona nganekwane mayelana nendlela Archimedes wathola umthetho wakhe. Wakhonza Syracusan yinkosi Heron II njengenhlangano umeluleki ezindabeni jikelele. Tom ekhiqizwa umqhele wegolide ethathwe yengcebo. Zihlukaniswa ezijulile izinsolo yinkosi wayala Archimedes ukuthola uma umninindlu akazange ukuntshontsha igolide uma akangeziwe ingxubevange esikhundleni esingaphansi izinsimbi zasebukhosini. avunyelwe ukuba uhlole umqhele, ukukala ukuxazulula inkinga, kodwa noma kunjalo ukumosha ubuhle.

Ukucinga nokuxazulula

Umsebenzi setha Heron II, kwakubonakala zingaxazululeki. Archimedes wachitha isikhathi esiningi ukukala izici ngamunye we umqhele, kodwa njalo wanhlanhlatha akhawunti. izilinganiso Bazophela amandla futhi izibalo, waya okugeza, nangaleso sikhathi baye bakha eSirakhuse eyodwa nje lapho zokugeza okwakufanele bathathe ukwelashwa amanzi. Kwenye yalezi zokugeza yena kwafaka umzimba wakhe ofayo futhi Archimedes. Kwammangaza yokuthi umbhapathizo amanzi ageleza phezu emaphethelweni. Yena amanye amanzi emuva ezingeni eliphezulu futhi kancane, ngokuzama ukuba singabonisi igeleze ke, waqala ukuphila ekujuleni entsha. Amanzi yamthatha, babexoshwa elachithwa ngaphandle. Wamemeza ngelizwi elikhulu esithi "Eureka!" - Archimedes aphuma. Wagijima ngomgwaqo, ukukhohlwa ukuphonsa ngalutho kusuka izingubo. Abantu babevame eccentricities ka umsunguli omkhulu, ngakho konke udidekile ngivele ngikhale nje, hhayi uhlobo Archimedes. Ukusebenzisa inkomishi sokulinganisa, umcwaningi Kulula ukubala umthamo we umqhele, futhi ukwazi kwabantu igolide kanye nesisindo, sinqume inani metal, esidlelwa ekusithekeni-a ngamagugu. Isivivinyo Speedy yavuna Archimedes, le abakhandi wabulawa njengeselelesi isixwayiso kwabanye.

Ufundza kusebentisa elintantayo umkhumbi onobuhle

Ukuvulwa kwe-volume dengwane ongakabi kwaholela imfundiso yokuziphendukela emizimbeni diving. Archimedes umthetho washayelwa ngokucacile kuphela emva uchungechunge ucwaningo, ngenxa okuyinto kwase kunesiqiniseko umthetho zonke izinto emanzini. Ngokwesibonelo, amatshe zingavuki kwamanzi kanye izingcezu ezomile izinkuni bentanta. Zazakhiwe onobuhle elincane nemikhumbi, babekwa okugeza. On emphemeni onobuhle ezithunyelwa izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqaphelwa Kwakuseshwa njalo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi ngenkathi kulayishwa ngesikebhe esincane unga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wahlala ingaziki. Archimedes umthetho futhi wachaza overload umkhumbi. It displaces uketshezi xaxa, okuyinto uwugcina.

Archimedes umthetho. Ukuhlolwa ngemikhumbi yangempela

umsunguli sokwazi models iyiswe imikhumbi zangempela eziye lakhelwe ngisemsebenzini elincane Syracuse. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona kakade encane imikhumbi kaseyili, base ebeka isikebhe sizinze ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza. Ngezinye izikhathi ibekwe ukuze umkhumbi zaqala ukucwila. Ngokwenza amaphutha umkhumbi abakhi ngoba umkhumbi omusha ngamunye ukhetha izilungiselelo elilungile. Lapha umsunguli abanamakhono kwaba usizo ngempela esiphuthumayo, bemikhumbi wayechazwa Archimedes, emizimbeni manje aphambuka umkhuba wesayensi ebhukuda. Kunobufakazi bokuthi Archimedes wanikelwa eziningana imiklamo ezithakazelisayo esetshenziswa emikhunjini yezempi ukucwila nesitha ukuphahlazeka engaphelele kanye ohlangothini. Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa igalari yezitolo. Lezi zitsha wenze nohambo lwasolwandle eside phesheya koLwandle iMedithera. Babefanele ukuthutha inqwaba izimpahla, kanjalo nokubekwa efanele kwezimpahla lwabangela ukusebenzisa kangcono isikhala. Lapha wasiza izibalo kanye izibalo umsunguli, okuyinto esetshenziswa Archimedes 'isimiso. Hydraulics ukunyakaza ashukumisayo isitsha ezithwele manje esekelwe izibalo eqondile.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza yoMthetho Archimedes

Aeronautics, esadaleka ekuqa- XVIII-XIX eminyaka, kuvela, kungaphansi nokucabanga komuntu, owaphila kusukela 287 212 BC. e. umthetho Archimedes 'ngoba hot air balloon, anomoya Balloons ngokuyinhloko ngenxa kungenzeka indoda ukuthatha off ngenxa ulwazi. Ukubala lift for aeronauts izindiza (okuthiwa abalandeli ukundiza kumadivayisi ezifana) ichaze kwenkululeko yayo izindiza. Okwamanje Aeronautics umkhosi aphethwe ngezikhathi emadolobheni ahlukene of eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. hot indiza air balloon is bayahlonishwa izibukeli, ububanzi nakakhulu emizweni ezivezwa kubahlanganyeli indiza.