Kuban Yabantu Republic: umlando, ilungiselelo indawo

Omunye iziqephu bhá we kulwiwa kuleli laseNingizimu Russia kwaba ukudalwa republic i abantu abazimele sika endaweni Kuban nokulawula yayo kokubili amaBolshevik futhi iWhite Guard impi sokuzithandela, okuyinto wazama ukuba amthathe belawulwa nguye. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa sendlela izenzakalo zaziqala ukwenzeka lokhu indaba egcwele amadlingozi watshela esihlokweni sethu.

Territory, flag and elingenamikhono izingalo weRiphabhulikhi elalisanda kwakhiwa

Insimu Kuban Yabantu Republic, wamemezela ngo-February 1918, bekulokhu sihlanganise indawo ebanzi kakhulu futhi zaba 94400 km². It ayesuka Yeisk esizalweni somfula (Bay yoLwandle Azov) kuya enyakatho main eCaucasus Ukhahlamba kuya eningizimu. Ingxenye esentshonalanga ifike Kerch Strait nasempumalanga ifinyelela esifundazweni Black Sea, maphakathi okwakukhona Novorossiysk.

Flag of Kuban limelela iphaneli ahlukaniswe ovundlile okwesibhakabhaka, njengegazi nemidwa oluhlaza, nge ububanzi strip lesemkhatsini kwaba izikhathi ezimbili enkulu kunemicebo kakhulu. Inani umbala ngamunye awuzange fixed documentary, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakufanekisela njengegazi we Black Sea Cossacks - Inzalo Cossacks, blue - izindlalifa Don Cossacks, futhi oluhlaza - the Cossacks, ababe bezintaba Muslim. Ukube republic kanye elingenamikhono yayo izikhali, isithombe okuyinto ibekwa sihloko.

Uyini Kuban Yabantu Republic?

Design langaphakathi isimo self-wamemezela isakhiwo ephethwe ataman ikhanda ngesikhathi esifanayo umkhuzi webutho lezempi. umthwalo walo wawubheke ukuqokwa kwamalungu uhulumeni, yena ukhethelwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka 4 Kuban Rada emphethweni, okuyinto kanye isishayamthetho Kuban Rada ephakeme umzimba umthetho isimo imfundo.

Kuban Yabantu Republic ngo-1918 e ngezithako zawo zezombusazwe yayiyisikhathi heterogeneous kakhulu, ne ngobuningi sabantu wayemthanda amaqembu amabili eziningi kakhulu. Omunye wabo, kwezomnotho namandla, wabizwa ngokuthi "Chernomorets" futhi ngokuyinhloko abameleli Black Sea akhuluma isi-Ukraine Cossacks omi izimiso separatist. Chernomortsy wabiza ukudalwa ezimele, Kuban State onobunye Ukraine ezimisweni sikahulumeni.

Abasekeli iqembu lesibili zezombusazwe, ngokuthi "Lineytsev empeleni," kwavumelana ukungena Kuban ku "omunye neRussia indivisible." Phakathi nesikhathi, kuyilapho kwakukhona Kuban Yabantu Republic (1918-1920 GG.) Phakathi amabutho zezombusazwe zalwa umzabalazo okungapheli, ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha ifomu ebukhali kakhulu. wokuphuthuma Special ke awuniké ukusungulwa kwe-Kuban kwamaBolshevik umbuso.

Kukhethwa isiqondiso inqubomgomo

Ngo-1918, Kuban Yabantu Republic, kanye nendawo yalo walapho waba yenqubo jikelele ukudluliselwa kwamandla ezandleni amaBolshevik, owayesekele sifundazwe Black Sea, kokulawulwa okuyinto sekamisiwe kudala njengoba Disemba 1917.

Kanjani ngokuphumelelayo ukufakazela imizamo amaBolshevik ku Kuban esifundeni, wawuncike lapho uhlangothi kuyoba Cossacks wendawo, okuyinto matasa ngaleso sikhathi sokuthi ngizolinda futhi musa ukuveza ukweseka vuleka them noma isitha sabo esiyinhloko - White Zinikele Army, abeenqwelo neningizimu yeRussia.

Ubangela, ZaseJamaica Ziyavuseleleka kusukela Cossacks kukaHulumeni omusha

Kodwa ukuwa 1918 kwafika ushintsho oluphawulekayo endleleni isimo sengqondo Cossacks. Isizathu kwakuphambene izithakazelo zabo izinqubomgomo bezingelwa amaBolshevik ezindaweni Ngaphansi kokulawula kwazo. It wavezwa kwezincwadi ezweni okuqondene wangaphambili Cossack Army, kanye kabusha izindlu umhlaba lezisekelo, kwadingeka emasikweni akudala.

Isusa imibhikisho kanye namalungelo alinganayo le Cossacks ne izingqimba asele labantu esifundeni. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni nokugqugquzela inzondo mezhsoslovnoy ngokuvamile seligcinwa zezimpi ezichitha igazi eziqhubekayo. Ekugcineni, indima juqu Ukukhetha kwabo abadlale izigameko okwandisa abantu bephanga izinto nokuphanga obenziwa Amayunithi iRed Army, nekubeka ubuholi kwamaBolshevik izenzo Decossackization, okusho nokuswela we Cossacks amalungelo abo ezombusazwe nezempi.

Ukuqala emzabalazweni kanye amaBolshevik

Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-ekwindla ka-1918 iningi Cossacks baba nezitha uhulumeni omusha, futhi cishe zonke Kuban Yabantu Republic bajoyine ukunyakaza anti-kwamaBolshevik. Kulesi simo, Kuban Rada zesifunda, futhi ngenxa yalokho, futhi silalele ibutho lalo bazama uwine phezu ezimbili anti-kwamaBolshevik, kodwa isinyathelo eceleni komunye nomunye zamabutho empi nabo zezombusazwe - kobuholi esifundeni Don Cossacks futhi uhulumeni Ukraine. Ukuncintisana okunjalo ukuthi kuvinjelwe nobumbano, buthakathaka kuphela ukumelana jikelele amayunithi ekuthuthukiseni Red Army kanye yokungezwani kule nhlangano anti-kwamaBolshevik.

Ngo-August 1918, ngemva ekunqobeni lokhu kubhikisha ukuthi Taman kwabheduka eholwa uColonel PS Peretyatko, wakwazi amaBolshevik zonke ibhange kwesokudla Kuban nokudala khona eliqaphile eliqinisekile lesikhathi okuhlaselayo we Zinikele Army. Siyabonga ekutholakaleni amathuba amasha, amayunithi kwaso phambili ngo-August 17, athumba Ekaterinodar.

isinqumo ngokuxhamazela

Umcimbi ebalulekile empilweni weRiphabhulikhi owawuse nje kokuba umhlangano uhulumeni. On kwanqunywa, ngokuhambisana lapho Kuban Yabantu Republic baqhubeka anti-kwamaBolshevik emzabalazweni umfelandawonye Zinikele Army of the Don, kunokuba ne-Ukraine.

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kamuva leso sinqumo kuye kwabangela izingxabano eziningi futhi aliziphikisi ukuthi zibe phakathi kwabaholi Kuban futhi iWhite Guard Command. umehluko oyisisekelo walala yokuthi Don abantu, abe anaka Kuban njengengxenye esemqoka yeRussia, wafuna kukhawulwe amandla kahulumeni kanye kwakuwukuthi yayo kwiNhloko Ataman we Don ibutho umkhuzi Gen. AI Denikin (isithombe eboniswe ngezansi).

Kuban yena, abathi ukulingana ekuxazululeni ezibaluleke kakhulu bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa nezindaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izenzo zabo okubangelwa Ukunganeliseki mathupha Denikin, wawuthatha umthetho ukugxambukela ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe izifunda Cossack futhi ephoqelela izixazululo zabo. Ngakho, cishe yenza isivumelwano ngokushesha waqala liphuke.

Lobu bugebengu, okuyinto kwaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele

Break yokugcina phakathi umbimbi izolo afika ngemva esenzeka Juni 19, 1919 ku-inkomfa South Russian obize e Rostov ukusungulwa olulodwa anti-kwamaBolshevik phambi. Ngalolo suku, N. Riabovol inhloko uhulumeni Kuban, wadutshulwa wabulawa ngemuva bayamgxeka Denikin. umbulali wakhe wayeyilungu kobuholi Zinikele Army.

Lobu bugebengu iye yabangela ukucasula phakathi izingqimba ezibanzi izakhamuzi Kuban. Cossacks Ubani oxhumana phambi kwababusi Zinikele Army wenza ngaleso sikhathi 68,7% ngabasebenzi balo, waqala ngobuningi ukushiya ingxenye yabo. Le nqubo waya okukhulu kangangokuba ngemuva kwezinyanga 3 amabutho Denikin sika banayo angaphansi kuka-10%.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-Volunteer Army eningizimu yeRussia ne-Kuban Yabantu Republic alimala abalulekile futhi kwehlise ukulwa layo khono. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba esinye sezizathu kokunqotshwa White ukunyakaza.

Umzamo wokugcina ukuba aphule kwangqingetshe zamanje

Ekwindla kuka-1919 Kuban Yabantu Republic, umlando okuyinto sekuzophela isakhiwo, uye wamemezela njengoba izitha hhayi kuphela amaBolshevik, kodwa abavikeli yokubusa kwamakhosi, esathola ukusekelwa sokuzithandela Don White ukunyakaza.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo zamaphini Regional thokozani ukuthi ukugqugquzela le secession we Kuban ezivela eRussia. Ekupheleni konyaka efanayo ngomzamo banxuse League okudalwe of Nations senziwa isicelo Kuban Yabantu Republic ukubunjwa yayo amalungelo lebhizinisi ezimele.

Ukuze uqinise amandla ayo empi ukuphathwa Kuban wenza umfelandawonye zempi Intaba Republic - state, wamemezela ngo-1917 kwi-Insimu Terek esifundeni, ogama dolobha kwaba eVladikavkaz. Umphumela walesi sinyathelo baba okubi kakhulu ngisho ngaphezulu elala umyalo amabutho South Russia njengoba Zinikele Army kwaba ngaleso sikhathi belwa Cossack Army Intaba Republic.

Ukuwa Kuban Yabantu Republic

Ukuphela ubutha yabo mutual uthi ebukhosini kule ndawo enkulukazi wafakwa kusengaphambili iRed Army ngo-1920, babiziwe kwababusi amabutho Denikin sika ukuhlubuka mass. UMbusi wazama ukuvimbela lo ngokuthumela e uthuli Cossack emizaneni, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukubamba bese ubuyela ibutho ngamabomu basishiya yayo. Nokho, uye wenza intukuthelo enkulu nakakhulu Kuban maqondana yena namabutho akhe. Phakathi nale nkathi, Cossacks eziningi eyeke kuya iRed Army.

Ukunqotshwa yokugcina anti-kwamaBolshevik khandlu Kuban futhi Don Army Region senzeka ngo-March 1920. Khona-Red Army egcinwe ukusebenza kwawo okubabazekayo Kuban-Novorossiysk. Ukushiya abaphikisi Ekaterinodar Zinikele Corps lwahlehla futhi Kuban ibutho, sicindezelwe komngcele Georgia, ngo-May 3, capitulated.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi maduze le Kuban kwahlanganiswa RSFSR, ukusebenza ngazinye Cossacks namagunya amasha nawo aqhubeka kuze 1925 enethemba lokuthi leyo Kuban Yabantu Republic kungenziwa kabusha futhi. Lokhu kwaba isizathu ukuthi, kubo bonke Eminyakeni eyalandela, kuze ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, e-Kuban esifundeni nge unya ikakhulu mass ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu futhi izenzo Decossackization futhi abaphucwa ezibangele yendlala okwabulala izinkulungwane zabantu.