Kronotsky Reserve kanye amaqiniso ethakazelisayo kuye. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve yasungulwa ngo-1934 Ekude. ububanzi yisilinganiso sesifundo km 60. 243 km welulela ogwini.

Abafundi cishe uyobe ukwazi lapho esiqiwini Kronotsky. Itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga eKamchatka, fanele lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo kuya Elizovo wesifunda eKamchatka Region. Edolobheni Elizovo kuyinto reserve ukuphathwa.

Uthatha ku ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo ongokwemvelo futhi ukubukeka kwabo indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwalezi zindawo eliseMpumalanga Ekude. Incazelo Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve izokwethulwa kulesi sihloko.

Okokuqala, umlando kancane. Wadala kulezi zindawo uqalile ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka ngaphambi esabelweni isimo esemthethweni Reserve. Long njengoba, ngokuvumelana ofakazi, ukusakaza isiko kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi sables, okuyinto sibaningi lapha wayephile bendawo okubaluleke kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, e 1882, lapho yayikhona Sobolinsky Reserve. Khona-ke, ngo-1934, kwase kunesiqiniseko endaweni yayo Kronotsky.

Reserve namuhla - insimu, okuyinto ifomu i ipholigoni okungajwayelekile. endaweni yayo amaqabunga ababecishe babe izinkulungwane eziyisithupha. ^km2.

Ukuma kwendawo yendlela

Le ndawo enezintaba, kuphela emathafeni coast zitholakala. inqolobane Kronotsky - endaweni yemvelo, eduze ningizimu-ntshonalanga umngcele okuyizinto izintabamlilo ezimbili okuyizo wamanje (futhi Unana Taunishits). oyindilinga yayo ukuma ukuphakama futhi imele yokuqothulwa Kronotsky (engamamitha - 3528 m), okuyinto yesibili kuphela eKamchatka ukhiye egqumeni. Kronotsky Reserve has izinguzunga zeqhwa eziningi, okuyinto hlala amahektha ayizinkulungwane 14. Abanye babo baye usayizi pretty umxhwele, nabanye - ifomu ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, Tyushevskii yeqhwa ubude-8 km. Neziphethu futhi ezishisayo zitholakala ezindaweni ecindezelekile.

Caldera Uzon

Caldera Uzon iyona isici esikhanga kakhulu nge bento ezifana Kronotsky Reserve. Yasungulwa kusukela lokuthi rocks wawa, ukwakha uhlaka ongaphakeme isiyingi. Kukhona inani elikhulu amachibi abandayo futhi efudumele. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lawa: abandayo futhi efudumele Fumarolnoye Central. Rocky futhi emithambekeni emaweni engaphakathi mgodi. Kunalokho kwangaphandle, canopies. Aya ithafa enkulukazi. Griffins Inamandla kukhona abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-mgodi futhi uphondo egcwele amanzi ashisayo, futhi udaka izimbiza (isb, okuyinto njalo ngemizuzwana 3 "isikhunta" zokwakheka uMbazi efana rose). Konke lokhu - amasayithi esiyingqayizivele engokwemvelo Kronotsky Reserve.

ISigodi Neziphethu

Lishaya eKamchatka Valley of Geysers imfihlakalo nobuhle. Kuhlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile umsindo amanzi, nemifula eminingi okhiye amaningi ulwelwe anemibala, umbala okuyinto elisukela abamnyama orange kanye oluhlaza. ubuhle bayo iyamangalisa impophoma p. Ezinomsindo. Emifuleni yakhona awe ukuphakama 80 metres. Kuze kube manje, esigodini Geyser River kukhona 22 iziphethu asebenzayo. Bonke babe khona umjikelezo siqu womsebenzi kanye negama. Isiphethu (igama isiphethu samanzi ashisayo) muhle ngoba Kuqubuka njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-17. Kodwa indoda enkulu, inhloko yabangamashumi iziphethu, kwenza "ukusebenza" yakhe ukuba ulinde kufika kwamahora amahlanu. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke e eKamchatka inkulu. Kronotsky reserve - yindawo lapho kukhona engazinzile, iziphethu ovundlile, pink Isigaxa okusha Fountain, Fountain, kabili, pearl, kanye neziphethu ezishisayo ezifana Floating, Malachite sivale indlela engena emgedeni nabanye.

Indoda eSigodini Neziphethu okokuqala, wazibona kuyabamangaza kumnandi. Kufanele vakashela uma kuphela umbukwane Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Incazelo khona isiGodi Neziphethu kunzima ukuba adlulisele ngamagama. Umhlaba it is ngiyaphupha kangaka, kubonakala sengathi wena kwenye iplanethi. Kukhona imibala zinezikhathi ngokuphelele namathafa Zomhlaba - on isizinda aluhlaza, izihlahla zikaphayini yemifino, kanye amahlamvu ezihlahla - ezinsomi, ezibomvu onsundu, inombala wobumba olushisiwe emhlabeni. iphunga emoyeni sulphur ne umusi ligcwele kwaze kwaba sekugcineni. Duzane zonke Bubbles, hisses namathumba! boilers ezinkulu nezincane, izintabamlilo acekelwa phansi ngobumba esibilayo nasemihlangeni nomhlaba. Awukwazi ukuya isinyathelo esisodwa off the umzila - scalded. Ukuqhekeka nemifantu kushunqe, okuyinto "off" iziphethu encane.

Kuyinto indima enhle izinqubo mlilo ukukhuphuka lokushisa amadamu, okuyinto edonsela ebusika hhayi kuphela Waterfowl futhi Waterfowl, kodwa futhi kufakazela nezimvu bighorn. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa amagesi ezintaba-mlilo ubuthi Kushone inqwaba ezincelisayo nezinyoni abahlala Kronotsky Reserve. Ngokwesibonelo, EDeath Valley ngokuvamile ukuthola izilwane ezifile. Bona ukuheha scavengers ka ezinkulu ezizingelayo. Nokho, ukuphuma kwalezi zilwane akunakwenzeka.

Amadamu esiqiwini

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-800 amadamu esiqiwini. Bakha-3% waleyo ndawo Imininingwane evikelwe. Old Semyachik umfula ugeleza khona engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Reserve. Imifula ezinkulu Bogachevka futhi Kronotsky. Ubude sokugcina 39 amakhilomitha. Ngakho kusukela Kronotsky Lake futhi yakha iziqhingi eziningi oxbows. Bogachevka ubude ke oludlula. Ubude bayo 72 km kanti ukujula 1.2-1.5 m. Lomfula has a ejwayelekile entabeni uhlamvu. Yena anolaka, unqamula sifinyelela engenhla emithambekeni emaweni, phansi zilimaze ebusika.

amachibi amaningi Reserve nemvelo. Ejulile - Kronotskoye. It sifana uhlaka of an unxantathu isosceles.

inqolobane sezulu

Lokhu indawo kungokwalabo ogwini zasePacific Chukotka ku ezifundeni zezulu. Kwakheka ngaphansi kwethonya selitulu ePacific Ocean. Ukwakheka kwabo kunomthelela impumuzo sezintaba kule nsimu. Summer esiqiwini epholile futhi zinomswakama nge inkungu ekhasa kanye Ukukhemezela njalo futhi imimoya ukukhanya kusukela eningizimu. Ekwindla kuba sezulu efudumele futhi omile inala kwelanga. Nokho, ebusika iqala ngo-November. Lubonakala emimoyeni ebandayo luqinile ngokuthandaza, ngezinye izikhathi ukufinyelela amandla isiphepho, kanye kweqhwa. Ngaphansi kwethonya izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze iqala sezulu efudumele entwasahlobo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ewumngcingo entabeni emfuleni izigodi emithambekeni emaweni.

inhlabathi

Inhlabathi ensimini ka esiqiwini kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya mlilo. Permanent inhlabathi rejuvenation kusiza ekutholeni umlotha wakhe. Ngenxa yalesi ibuye ayegcwele namaminerali. nenhlabathi okunjalo abe okusezingeni eliphezulu permeability amanzi kanye nomthethosisekelo okuxekethile, okuyinto ezikahle kakhulu ukukhula kwezitshalo ahlukahlukene.

zezimila esiqiwini

600 zezitshalo semithambo ezitholakala esiqiwini, kanye 113 zama-ulele. Phakathi ezingavamile kweqiniso difazistrum Sitka, ulele, etholakala emadwaleni. Esiqiwini kukhona 85 zezintaka bryophytes, 6 - Izinhlobo. Phakathi kwabo ungathola ezifana zezinyoni ezingavamile njengoba ekhula ezimfundeni manzi Thelypteris palustris IsiGodi Neziphethu - spleenwort naikiweko, amadwala ogwini Pacific - spleenwort oluhlaza, kanye cryptogram ebhaliwe, ezikhula ematsheni.

Pinus pumila yakha amahlozi bazihambisa ezindaweni eziningi kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo esiqiwini ungathola fir nenhle futhi ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi Ayan. It ihlala kufika 25 metres ubude, kanye nobudala kwakho kungenzeka iminyaka 300 ubudala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umthunzi-ukubekezela. fir ngomusa zingatholakala ku endaweni eningizimu-asempumalanga. Kuyinto esimila Ornamental nge amahle oyindilinga umqhele.

izitshalo zokwelapha, izimbali

Ngezinye esiqiwini izitshalo zokwelapha atholakele voskovik wazizwa kokuba iphunga anenhlaka, futhi ploskolistnaya sembabazane. Ngo Goltsova ezikhulayo zone eyaziwa ngokuthi Rhodiola rosea, okuthiwa futhi impande segolide. Thunberg Rue, uhlobo ezingavamile, ezikhulayo emahlathini Erman. Kukhona umvini bok, embozwe isibhakabhaka-blue futhi izimbali purple. Emaxhaphozini namachibi wathola zheltotsvetkovaya marigold elintantayo. trifoliate Goldthread izimbali ezimhlophe namaqabunga aluhlaza iphila bogs moss. izimbali Bright ezindaweni ezahlukene entabeni emathafeni, amatshe, amadwala, idwala ukusakaza, Peat bogs nasemaxhaphozini ame isitshalo poppy. Blooms emithambekeni evulekile clove ezinwabuzelayo. Ziningi phezu izitshalo reserve heather ukuthi ivelele ngemibala yabo elikhanyayo kwezingxenye zalo ezihlukahlukene. 4 izinhlobo violets luvamile, okuyinto imibala - kusuka elimhlophe okwesibhakabhaka. Kungatholakala phakathi amajikijolo amajingijolo futhi i-marsh cranberry, cranberry amancane abavamile.

eyodwa kuphela zinhlobo phakathi kwemithi willow zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha 25 amamitha. Lokhu willow Sakhalin. Izihlahla ezisele - nezihlahla.

It uvelele Angelica bearish, okuyinto ifinyelela ukuphakama 2-3 amamitha. Intuthuko ezinesihlungu sikhule ngqo emanzini.

Abamele lily zinezikhathi ubuhle ekhethekile. Found esiqiwini lily omnyama onsomi, onsomi-bomvu futhi abe mhlophe qwa. Lapha ungakwazi futhi uthole izitshalo ezihlobisile omndeni ama-orchid. Ngokwesibonelo, e emfuleni engenhla. Geyser watholakala imbali esiyingqayizivele. It spiranthes Chinese. Yena inflorescence spirally nesisontekile, kukhona encane elikhanyayo pink izimbali.

I wokugodlwa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile ezisohlwini Incwadi Red, kukhona: fir nenhle izicathulo macranthon.

Izilwane ezihlala kule ndawo

Kronotsky reserve nezilwane wehlukile kakhulu, kodwa eliphansi kuya lonke Ukwakheka zezintaka eKamchatka. Lokhu kungenxa indawo yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, nezilwane amphibian esiqiwini emelelwa intulo eSiberia kuphela. Azikho ezihuquzelayo kule ndawo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zawo banomlando okuthakazelisa kakhulu Ukungena ku Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Ngokwesibonelo, abamnyama zikaphayini ibhungane encane longhorn ngephutha got lapha izinkuni. Uvele Uzon ukuthumela emuva indiza fin. Fin isetshenziswa njengoba uphethiloli yokupaka travel.

izinyoni

Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve - endaweni lowo 69 amakoloni zasolwandle. Yibona anda Lund, Gull pacific, ijuba guillemot, nomphishamanzi Berin. Kukhona ayatholakala ngenombolo aphansi abamele ezifana glaucous-ezinamaphiko Gull, murre ezivamile futhi enezimpondo. ezithakazelisayo ngokukhethekile Lund. Lokhu nyoni nsundu ngombala, naphakathi nge uqhwaku obomvu, isicaba kakhulu ezinhlangothini. Ngemuva amehlo akhe kukhona izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinde. Lokhu ezithakazelisayo inyoni izidleke Burrows ngalo Ukuvubukula zibe enhlabathini ethambile eziqongweni amatshe. Amadwala futhi isidleke iqhude, amahlolamvula belopoyasnye, Steller Ukhozi futhi mohonogy Konyukov.

Esikhathini Kronotsky theku e Olga Bay, okuyinto engazange yenzeke iqina, kukhona izinkulungwane 1.5 izinyoni. Ngokwezinombolo evelele phakathi kwabo: Pacific black scoter, duck eside tailed, Eider, uklebe elinekhala scoter, duck harlequin. Abaningi lapha njengoba iqhude kanye gull.

Exhaphozini emathafeni amachibi akha: grebe obomvu-lukhuni, loon obomvu iphimbo, enyakatho pintail, wigeon, Teal, hook elinekhala kurpan, abamnyama scoter, ama-gull aluhlaza-grey and black engumondli. It izidleke izinombolo ezincane dada whooper, egcwele ezingavamile.

izingonyama nolwandle ulwandle imithini

Ngezinye Cape Kozlov ngo-1942, kwakunabamemezeli abangu-ngaphezu kolwandle izingonyama ayizinkulungwane, kanye namakhulu ambalwa xaxa eWestern Cape. Isibalo sazo izilwane namuhla abantu 700 kuphela. Bona atiphumi zezinyoni ezingavamile, sea izingonyama ahlelwe Red Book of Russia. Manje ngaphansi ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile.

I-sea otter kuyinto abakhileyo ongowokuzalwa East eKamchatka, nemida yayo. Ekhulwini le-19 le lalezi zinyoni laliphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba yamuka ngokuphelele. Manje ulwandle imithini usubuyelé bebodwa ku Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Selibalelwa izilwane mayelana 120 kuphela.

seal Ringed futhi seal ezivamile bahlale emanzini asogwini we Reserve. Basuke ohlwini ezisengcupheni.

izilwane ezinkulu Kronotsky reserve

Reindeer uhlala elisezansi nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini. Kukhona of impungushe okuzingela, Wolverine, Ermine. Ngo eKamchatka, ekhaya ukuze imibala egqamile kanye ezinkulu usayizi impungushe. On emathafeni yagodnikovyh ngasekupheleni July, ukusuthisa namabhere. Abahlala Endaweni nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini imvu bighorn abazondla nezihlahla iyatholakala futhi utshani, ulwelwe okuphakelayo ogwini. Inani okwenzeka eKamchatka reindeer manje ezingeni esibucayi. Enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko ukulondoloza ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo. EKamchatka marmot - omunye owakhileyo ezinkangala, ohlala iDemo utshani izindawo.

Lesitshalo abahlala kamennoberezovikah

Common phakathi izinhlobo abahlala kamennoberezovikah, nuthatch, Pukhlyak, Small Woodpecker nezimagqabhagqabha, greenfinch Gray eneziqongo, bullfinch Yurok, pestrogrudaya futhi flycatcher obomvu breast, inkwethu okhanyayo, obomvu-ephahlwe abayizithulu bluetail futhi Cuckoo, capercaillie, lesiqophamithi Ezintathu, Umbala. Lapha isidleke ezilwaneni eziyingozi goshawk, umdlalo, ulwandle amanqe. Inani elikhulu ezimpilweni Okhotsk ikhilikithi.

Sable, Ibhere elinsundu

Zaziziningi izilwane imele Sable, okuyinto lusekelwa ngamandla izimvukuzane, intendele ezimhlophe, passerines encane, Rowan berry, amajingijolo futhi Siksa, yemifino zikaphayini nuts. Sables kuyilapho ekwehliseni inani lokudla ziqala ukuba azibulale futhi ukuzulazula ekufuneni kwakhe. Ngezinye izikhathi iphenduka ibe kwenye indawo kwe omkhulu endaweni. Befuna izilwane ukudla ngakho mpilo eminyakeni yamuva singene emizaneni, ukulahlekelwa nokwesaba abantu, futhi kudoti ngifuna ukudla. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve - indawo lapho brown bear ukusabalala. Yena ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo usayizi esikhulu kakhulu.

nezinye izilwane

Olive Thrush uhlala krupnostvolnyh elisezansi amahlathi yeNhlonhlo eKamchatka. inqolobane Kronotsky kuyo futhi hare abahlala ezigodini emfuleni. Bona isidleke larch grosbeak futhi Tit. Kukhona omkhulu lesiqophamithi nezimanakanaka futhi shrike-Shrike. Lena ukuphela kwendawo esiqiwini, lapho izimpilo amaprotheni.

inhlanzi

Cishe bezrybny emifuleni okucacile indawo phambi omkhulu salmon run. Lokhu kuthutha - umbono omuhle, ngoba lenqwaba inhlanzi, ezikhazimulayo elangeni, ukubhukuda emanzini ngokuphelele esicacile. Lidonsa izinyoni ezifana Goldeneye, duck harlequin, a mergansers esikhulu eside elinekhala, scaup.

Gopher futhi marmot

Gopher Bering ifinyelela izinombolo okusezingeni eliphezulu esinqeni izintaba-mlilo. EKamchatka marmots bahlala notshwala lava.

Ukujoyina Koryak reserve

Okusanda, ngo-Ephreli 2015, exhunywe Koryak Reserve Kronotsky. Ngakho, lo somabhizinisi wandisa imingcele. Akhiwe Koryak Reserve Olyutorskii Penzhina nezifunda esifundeni. It yadalwa 1995 ukuvikela isidleke amasayithi, kwendiza Waterfowl konke kwemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, elise North eKamchatka. Imifula emagcekeni alo ezinkulu zidala salmon. Igcinwa endaweni esiqiwini ingenye imiphakathi ngobukhulu e Russian peregrine falcon, ukuvikelwa owenziwa ngezinga ngamazwe.