Okubekiwe we Penza esifundeni. State Yemvelo Reserve "iVolga asemaqeleni"

Eyayiwuphawu phakathi iVolga kanye Don kuyinto yokulondoloza imvelo "iVolga asemaqeleni." Ngo-1924, sidalwe ukulondoloza emaqeleni enyakatho nezindawo ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe futhi ngokuthi Penza. Ngo-1927, annexing izingxenye kwezinye izifundazwe, esiqiwini wanikezwa igama Mid-iVolga. Ngo-1937 i-gama lashintshwa Kuibyshev, futhi sasibhekwa inqolobane kuze 1951.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana nesinqumo kahulumeni, washintshelwa amapulazi state, okuholele ekulahlekelweni iningi edlelweni izindawo. Kuphela ngo-1989, esiqiwini yasungulwa ngesisekelo iziza eziyisihlanu enkulu yezwe futhi: asemaqeleni ezintathu ezinkulu - Poperechenskaya, Kucherovskaya futhi Ostrovtsovskaya nezwe ezimbili ehlathini - Borok futhi Upper Sura. Insimu reserve - 8373 amahektha. Simngungile, izwe lingelakho zone sesikhashana, okuyinto kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezomnotho. On insimu elikhulu kangaka phakathi iVolga esifundeni, ngokwemvelo, uhla izimo zemvelo zihlukile. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu amahlathi okuxubile kanye izimila ezingavamile nomhlabathi yokwakheka asemaqeleni intombi.

inhlabathi

umbono ebabazekayo kakhulu eceleni ngenxa izinhlobo ezahlukene zosizo. Le nethiwekhi lasendulo emfuleni, futhi emaxhaphozini namachibi. The main ingcebo izinqolobane we Penza esifundeni - kuyinto emhlabathini. Sesikhashana zone Kuncherovskoy emaqeleni kuthiwa yashayisa ensimini wezolimo. Uma lapha ungakwazi ukufinyelela zokuhamba, i-Ostrovets futhi Poperechenskaya asemaqeleni abanalo sebhuqu noma imizimba amanzi. Ikhava lakwa emaqeleni namahlathi nhlobonhlobo. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i nenhlabathi grey yibona emahlathini. Chernozem inhlabathi asemaqeleni yibona kumalungu afanayo, lapho isithenjwa edlelweni inhlabathi humus ungqimba bavela 80 kuya ku-100 cm.

Flora

Indawo egicna imvelo - ehlathini futhi asemaqeleni. Ngokwakha zinhlobo uphayini oki. Steppes ihlukaniswe Grassland, khuhla, Grassland exhaphozini. Asemaqeleni njalo elihlobene ne uphaphe. Ikakhulukazi lihle ngo-June nango-July, lapho isiliva uhala kolyshatsya feather emoyeni, futhi usenze asemaqeleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungcono zonke ngemibala yamakhambi. I izitshalo wokugodlwa horsetails olunzulu futhi okufakiwe, wona club, gymnosperms futhi angiosperms, zikhona 850 zinhlobo, eziyisishiyagalombili zazo ohlwini ezisengozini. Lichen emaqeleni ezindawo Ephakathi iVolga 108 zilwane. Kukhona 119 zama-amakhowe, ezivamile endaweni ukulondolozwa. Endaweni ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe kuhlanganise 72 zezintaka wona. INcwadi Olubomvu kwaba 4 izinhlobo zotshani ezimila esiqiwini.

nezilwane

Ezigcina nezilwane we Penza esifundeni kunezinhlobo ezahlukene izinambuzane engaphezu kwengu-800. Atholakala emifuleni kanye bogs eziphila emanzini nasezweni, okuyinto esiqiwini 11 zilwane. Emahlathini nezimfunda kwendawo evikelwe bukhoma izibankwa, samabululu, amaxoxo. endaweni Aviafaunu kukhona 154 zezinyoni. Phakathi bhalisiwe ezingavamile Pallid Harrier futhi Omkhulu bustard. Ensimini ka izidleke zabo agcinele ukwakha izigwaca zabo, corncrake, Tit onesiqhova futhi lesiqophamithi Umbala.

Umhlaba ezincelisayo we inqolobane "iVolga asemaqeleni" imelelwa 44 zilwane. abameleli ezingavamile alesi sigaba zihlanganisa Otter, ama-lynx, Ermine. Emithambekeni nemihosha mnene ukuhlangabezana foxholes. Ihlathi-asemaqeleni zone of esiqiwini inquma ukubunjwa nezilwane, kuhlanganise ejwayelekile kwamahlathi namasimu kwezilwane. Lezi zihlanganisa vole, imvukuzane, jerboa. Ebusika, emahlathini ikhaya emakhulwini capercaillie futhi grouse emnyama, izingulube zasendle kanye amaphiva. Basuke lapho beyozingela noma beyodoba zilwane, futhi ngesikhathi ukuzingela ebusika kuvunyelwe.

Futhi Steppes Kucherovskaya Poperechenskaya

Kanye esigabeni ningizimu-ntshonalanga ehlathini Kucherovskoy umgwaqo asphalt yokuxhuma edolobhaneni elidala Shatkino futhi Circe. eziwubhuqu imigwaqo yasemakhaya inethiwekhi elisukela ihlathi imingcele, okuvumela abantu bendawo ukuya esiqiwini futhi ubunzima ekuvikeleni zensimu. Along entshonalanga umngcele Kuncherovskoy ihlathi egeleza ekusakazeni okuvela kusukela iziphethu eshaywe e nemihosha. On the indawo asemaqeleni abe bolotets ambalwa. Emithambekeni eningizimu relict asemaqeleni ubuswa utshani - ovsets ehlane.

Poperechenskaya asemaqeleni, kude imigwaqo nemizana. Ponds nazo engekho. Le ncwadi kuphela kuholela esiphambanweni emzaneni. Ukuze egade ezindaweni ezabelwe emhlabeni it has a umgwaqo owubhuqu. Lokhu asemaqeleni itholakala ngezihlahla futhi lisendaweni ephakathi kwemifula Archada futhi Hopper.

Ostrovtsovskaya asemaqeleni

Ake sixoxe ngakho. Ostrovtsovskaya asemaqeleni izinqolobane esifundeni Penza kubhekwa enhle kakhulu. Itholakala kude impucuko. Ingxenye eseningizimu empumalanga asemaqeleni izungezwe gullies ezijulile. Asemaqeleni oluneziqhingi ukusakaza eziningi iyangena emfuleni Hopper. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, asemaqeleni has izingubo zayo siqu eliyingqayizivele. Entwasahlobo ke ezinemibala nge alimondi mhlophe futhi pink nameva. Utshani Okubukwe ikhanda irises nsomi ngokubomvu Adonis entwasahlobo. Summer asemaqeleni kukhanye imibala Mallow zasendle futhi oregano onsomi. daisy White kanti abheke izindawo elikhanyayo phakathi amagagasi nezesiliva feather. Summer - isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuphinde futhi izinambuzane, likhona phezu izimbali edlelweni. Bamane ukutadisha ososayensi, futhi ezifana ibhungane njengesixhumo sezindluzele futhi Krasotel, ahlelwe njengoba ezisengcupheni.

Borok futhi Upper Sura

Ngo ingxenye ezinamahlathi ka Borca zikaphayini evelele. Ngaphezu ke, endaweni nokongiwa sikhule Rowan, Maple, viburnum, ijikijolo lingase, inyoni cherry. Insimu ibhande ihlathi egobhoza kwimfunda umzila emfuleni Kadadah. Woodland Borok ithwala amanzi ekongiweni kwemvelo endaweni evikelwe. Ungqimba ukugawula izihlahla kule ndawo ihlathi akuyona ngenxa yesimo sabelo Bork isimo lesikhumbuzo ngo-1965. zasehlathini, ophilayo ogwini imifula - the muskrat futhi i-beaver emfuleni. Akuvamile emahlathini ungabona izingwejeje, izingulube zasendle kanye Roe izinyamazane. Izinyoni ivezwa endaweni nokongiwa Sand Martin kingfisher, esibonelweni ezivamile. Wazibona izinyoni lokushutheka futhi ezidla inyama: ikhayithi, goshawk, umdlalo.

Le ngxenye yesibili lokhuni izinqolobane Penza esifundeni - Upper Sura, sise wamjamisa esiqongolweni iVolga upland. Le ndawo yamahlathi kunazo zonke kwezingu-ezinhlanu, okuqondene esiqiwini. Lapha, ehlathini omdala zikaphayini emasimini kuvela emfuleni Sura. Le ndawo yamahlathi engacebile emanzini. Kukhona okhiye ambalwa amachibi. Omunye wabo - echibini kuxhopha, okuholela umzila izintaba. Lokhu kuvakasha iqalwa abasebenzi reserve and wokugada zabo, edlula. Through the Ihlathi ifinyelela inani elikhulu ewubhuqu, yakhelwe ukuba iqaphe esiqiwini.