Ulele Foliated: incazelo, izici, sakhiwo kanye netimphawu

Ulele kukhona iqembu iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana isikhunta, ulwelwe oluhlaza futhi cyanobacteria. Igama livela ukufana eziphilayo nokubukeka kwabo nabanye izifo zesikhumba, futhi uhumusha ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin ngokuthi "ezimise okwama-tile."

incazelo symbiotes

Basakaza kulo lonke izwe, futhi zingakhula kahle ngokufanayo e sezwe abandayo ezinamadwala ezingwadule ashisayo. umbala wabo kungaba imibala ezihlukahlukene kakhulu: obomvu, ophuzi, white, blue, onsundu, abamnyama. Lo mshini kumiswa ulele bengayiqondi ngokugcwele. Kodwa nge ukunemba singasho ukuthi ukwakheka yabo ehlaselwe elangeni. Kube crustose, ulele lwentshebe futhi foliated. Thallus lokuqala afana uqweqwe elalela substrate. Amancane (2-3 cm), uhlangane nomunye sikhule phezu zemithi, amatshe ukwakha conglomerates nge ububanzi amashumi ngamasentimitha. Amafushane - eziphilayo okuthuthukile ezikhula zibheka futhi ingafinyelela amamitha ambalwa ukuphakama. Kodwa kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukubonakala begodu nesakhiwo ulele foliated efana yabo yesibili amahlamvu ifomu kwezihlahla.

Yiziphi timphawu tesakhiwo aqukethe

Thallus noma thallus - kungcono ingxenye owumphumela noma amaningi ama-fungus, wona kanye ulele. Uma siqhathanisa izitshalo, ngabo kuba legatsha zabo ezincane oluhlaza. I thallus noma kungase kube amaqabunga lwentshebe.

GIFA - okwakheke filamentary, kepha efaniswe ulwembu. It is a multi-core ne-multi-amaselula. Futhi senzelwe ukumuncwa kwezakhi, amanzi kanye like web ingasetshenziswa ekubambeni ezinye izinto eziphilayo (isb, isikhunta ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane).

Substrate - ebusweni lapho into ixhunyaniswe. Uphinde ayizidleke ezinye izitshalo futhi ulele.

Ukubukeka foliated ulele

I thallus abe ukuma oyindilinga, leaf emise ipuleti emise, ngezinye izikhathi anelungu elilodwa noma izingxenye eziningana. A hyphae ezimila emaphethelweni noma eduze engaba umbuthano. ulele Foliose babe plate ifomu sloevidnoy esisogwini substrate ngendlela evundlile. Ngokunemba thallus ifomu incike kobuso substrate. Yini eyenza kube ngaphezulu kahle, round Bole zaziyoba ibukeke ulele.

It unamathele phansi ke ngosizo obukhulu stem esifushane, etholakala maphakathi thallus. Sama ipuleti ububanzi ezingekho ngaphezulu 20-30 cm ngempela uqweqwe obunesikhumba. Shade ke ziyahlukahluka kusuka green kumnyama noma grey kuya ensundu black. Zikhula kancane kakhulu, kodwa foliated ulele kancane ngokushesha kunokuba nezinye izinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu isikhathi eside. Ezinye ngamaqabunga zingaphezu iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Kukhona okusobala phakathi substrate kanye bungakanani ubude bokuphila baxhashazwe ulele.

isakhiwo

ulele Foliated thallus amazinga ezimbili, ngenxa isakhiwo sabo dorsovertralnym. Okusho ukuthi kufanele surface phezulu kanye phansi. Ingxenye engenhla anolaka noma bushelelezi, ngezinye izikhathi embozwe protuberances, tubercles kanye cilia warthogs. On ngezansi kukhona imizimba, ngawo ulele enamathiselwe substrate. Ngokusho isakhiwo, kungase futhi kube bushelelezi noma ezilukhuni. Bobabili izingxenye kukhona ifomu nje kuphela kodwa futhi umfutho umbala.

Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ngokucacile akachazeki ezine eziyinhloko izingqimba yokwakheka:

• inkomo engenhla;
• zasolwandle;
• core;
• inkomo aphansi.

ulele Foliated kuthiwa alengayo exhunywe ebusweni substrate futhi kalula ahlukaniswe kuyo. Kodwa phakathi thallus futhi base unika airbag. It uyasondla oxygen liyingxenye ulele, enifeza negesi lokushintshisana, futhi kunomthelela ekuqongeleleni kanye nokugcinwa umswakama. Hyphae inamathelisiwe kungokokwakhiwa organelles ekhethekile - rhizoid.

Thallus yirekhodi olulodwa, khona-ke monofilament, noma izingqimba eziningana okuthiwa polifilnym. Lesi sakamuva akudingeki imilenze, isizinda sabo lusekelwe ngokuqinile ngaphezu kwamanzi, ngakho Bole zokushintsha substrate. Bona asesabi imimoya, iziphepho nezinye sezulu esibi. Thallus kungenziwa dissected libe izabelo, usike emaceleni, ihlukaniswe yaba iyizingxenye. Ngezinye izikhathi ukubukeka ulele sifana esiyinkimbinkimbi lace Indwangu.

ukusabalala

ulele Foliated ikhule ezindaweni lapho semali kwezulu uwela. Abakwazi kalula ukutholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kuhlanganise ne-Antarctica, ngisho kubanda. Bona zingafakwa amatshe angenalutho nasemifantwini yamadwala, phezu iziqu nezihlahla, iziphunzi moss-ezimboziwe zezakhiwo ezindala zezakhiwo. Zikhula emigwaqweni, emaxhaphozini, ihlathi emaphethelweni nezimfunda ezomile. Empeleni, indawo yabo mayelana nendawo kanye kokubili izikhathi ngenxa kukhethwa substrate. Lapho kwemvelo nokucekelwa ulele ngokuvamile ukushintsha umbala eduze amnyama futhi grey. I eziphilayo phansi zikhule ikakhulu ngamandla, esehlanganise izindawo eziningi ezweni. Lezi zihlanganisa i-reindeer moss (cladonia ihlathi).

ulele Izinhlobo foliated

Emhlabeni wonke, bandlale phezu ayizinkulungwane 25. Ulele. Uma ehlukanisa eziphilayo ku substrate lapho bakhetha bufakwe, kungaba:

• Of Ground - esisogwini inhlabathi noma isihlabathi (isib Parmelee ensundu, hypogymnia nephroma, Solorina).
• Epilithic - enamathiselwe amatshe, amatshe (Girofora, collema, Ksantor, Tsetrariya).
• Epiphytic - ezikhula nezihlahla, ikakhulukazi amaqabunga neziqu (Parmelee, Fistsiya, Tsetrariya, Lobar, Candelaria).
• Epiksilnye - esisogwini izihlahla ezifile, iziphunzi ngaphandle namagxolo, ezindongeni zezakhiwo ezindala (hypogymnia, parmeliopsis, Ksantor).

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlobo lwe efanayo ingase ihlanganise zombili izinhlobo thalli foliated, futhi lwentshebe, noma eziphakathi.

ulele Parmelee

Ngokusho isakhiwo kwalo kakhulu efana le alga oluhlaza. Indawo yayo kungenzeka, ophuzi, onsundu nokuba khona inclusions oluhlaza, omnyama nomhlophe. Rhode Parmelee - ulele foliose, okubandakanya mayelana 90 zezinyoka, kuphela endaweni Russia, uye uthathe izingxenye ezinkulu thallium. izindwani sayo singaba kokubili iyincane futhi abaningi. Sikhula kahle ngokulinganayo phezu iziqu zezihlahla nasemifantwini yamadwala, uvuma sezulu angcolile ezisemadolobheni. Ukuma lokhu eziphilayo wehlukile ukuze kuqinisekisa ukuthi ulele ihlukaniswa kuphela ukubukeka akuyona njalo kuyancomeka. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, le powder kusuka Parmelee yasetshenziselwa ukumisa igazi amanxeba. Futhi, yengezwe ufulawa, ukuze awuvikele nezilokazane kwandisa ukuphila eshalofini.

ulele Foliated, esimagama aso azimisele ukungahlanganyeli kuphela isakhiwo nobujamo, kodwa futhi aura kwendawo, substrate ukubukwa zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Abaningi babo asetshenziswa endaweni yokudla. Bona ezidla esikhulu nezinkabi. Okusanda powder zibizwa kabanzi njengendlela izithasiselo zokudla akha yasekhemisi. Tsetrarii, isibonelo, asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni anti-uhudo, ukuze sikhuthaze isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, normalizes ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, futhi kuyingxenye imithi eminingi elwa namagciwane.