I ukusebenza ngempambano: izinhlelo, izinto, izingxenye, ukwakhiwa

Ezweni lanamuhla yobuchwepheshe oludijithali isisekelo sokuthethelelwa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene amakhompyutha, amagajethi kanye nezinye zikagesi. Futhi ikhono ngokushesha futhi ngendlela efanele ukwakha ishadi ukugeleza ukhonza isisekelo, ngesisekelo isayensi. Leli cebo uyisibonelo sokuqhafaza inqubo okumele ilandelwe imishini. Siqukethe amayunithi ngabanye obusebenzayo ukuthi enze injongo ezahlukene (sokuqala / sokuphela okokufaka / okukhipha, ucingo umsebenzi, nokunye. D.).

Algorithm algorithmization

Eqinisweni, i-algorithm kuyinto imfundo evamile indlela ezilandelana ngayo kumelwe enze izinyathelo ezithile ngo ukusebenza kwedatha yoqobo elamukelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa Umqondo wokuthi algorithmic. Kuyaqondakala njengoba iqoqo izindlela namasu okukhiwa up ukulandelana emisebenzi ethile.

Ngokuvamile, i-algorithm alisetshenziswa njengesiqondiso computer, kanye uhlelo ukwenza noma yisiphi isenzo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukusebenza ngefanelo yale nqubo izixazululo, ukulungisa amaphutha, futhi ukuqhathanisa kwezinye izixazululo ngokwaziswa okuthi akufane ngaphambili ukwethulwa ikhompyutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-algorithm isisekelo ekwakhiweni kohlelo ofuna ukubhala ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo, ukuze eminye nokuqalisa inqubo-information processing ku-PC. Namuhla weza ukuvelela ezindleleni ezimbili ezisebenzayo wokwakha ukulandelana enjalo. Eyokuqala ekhuphukayo incazelo ngamazwi, kanti eyesibili - inkinga ukusebenza ngempambano. Eyokuqala sazo sasingamashumi kakhulu ezingavamile kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabi esengqondweni iyacaca futhi verbosity. Eyesibili indlela, kunalokho, kuyindlela elula kakhulu kulandzelana isithombe. It is esakazwa kokubili ukuqeqeshwa futhi nezincwadi zesayensi.

Elements flowchart

A block umdwebo ye-algorithm Uhlelo kuyinto ukulandelana izinhlamvu ingcaca enquma ukwenza imisebenzi ethize, kanye ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo. Phakathi kwazo ngazinye lezinto izithombe liqukethe ulwazi mayelana umsebenzi okumele wenziwe. Usayizi kanye ukucushwa kwe-uhlamvu ingcaca, futhi i-oda sokubhalisa ukulandelanisa ezilungisiwe GOST 19003-80 futhi GOST 19002-80.

Cabangela izici eziyisisekelo ifloshadi (esithombeni enikeziwe izibonelo uphawu).

1. Process - Computing isenzo noma ukulandelana izenzo.

2. Isixazululo - Hlola imibandela eshiwo.

3. Ukuguqulwa - umjikelezo unhlokweni.

4. Uhlelo achazwe - koSanta abenza inqubo.

5. Kubhale phansi lokho - ukunyathelisa futhi idatha okukhipha.

6. amakhadi Punch - Imininingwane kokufaka.

7. I / O - okokufaka / okukhipha.

8. Isixhumi - igebe Flux imigqa.

9. Qala / Stop - isiqalo, isiphetho, ayeke, qala, input bese okukhipha asetshenziswa algorithm asizayo.

10. Phawula - isetshenziselwa ukubeka nezingqwembe.

11. I mpo futhi enezingqimba notshwala - isiqondiso ukulandelana, ukuhlobana amabhlogo.

12. Ukuhlanganiswa - notshwala kwakwakhe.

13. sesikhala isixhumi - uphawu wakubonakalisa inguquko ukuze elinye ishidi.

imithetho Umbhalo

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo ifloshadi wenziwa phezu nezimfuneko ezithile apelwe GOST. Ngokwesibonelo, imigqa enezingqimba noma mpo kuphela isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo izimpawu ingcaca. Notshwala kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele futhi kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, ihlala imakwe by imicibisholo. Okunye imigqa angeke kumakwe. Ibanga phakathi ukusakaza parallel akufanele esingaphansi amamilimitha angu amathathu, futhi phakathi kwezinye izakhi - hhayi amamilimitha angu esingaphansi emihlanu. usayizi Block kumele sibe okuphindiwe amahlanu. Isilinganiso ovundlile ukuze mpo uphawu ingcaca 1.5. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube elilingana ezimbili. Ukuze kube lula of incazelo, izithombe kumele olunezinombolo. Ngu uhlobo ukuxhumana ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ngempambano yomugqa, eyindilinga futhi isakhiwo ekhelini.

Eziguquguqukayo, constants nememori amaseli

Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono isimiso yokusebenza ye-algorithm angabhekwa umshini elula. It sakhiwa inkumbulo, ehlanganisa amaseli; ukuqopha / ikhanda kokufunda; processor. Siyini leso simiso zokusebenza kule divayisi? Inhloko, esethole oda kusukela processor, ubhala idatha ku cell noma ofunda constants. Endabeni elula, lokhu kuzoba nenani izibalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-constants kungenzeka isakhiwo idatha string uhlamvu nabanye. Ngaphansi waqonda variable inkumbulo iseli lapho ulwazi egcinwe. Phakathi ukukhishwa algorithm idatha ezahlukene ungalotshwa yeseli ezinjalo. On lesi simiso, computer nezinye electronics. I-algorithm ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi iqoqo imiyalo ngoba ufunda noma ubhala idatha kuseli inkumbulo.

afanayo

Afanayo kukhona olunye uhlobo eziguquguqukayo okukhonjiwe. Eqinisweni, iqoqo amaseli ukwabelana inkulumo evamile. Afanayo ukuhlukanisa ezimbili ntathu, ngakuthathu, nokunye. D. elula lezi kuyinto inani lamaseli elandelanayo. amalungu afanayo okunjalo unegama lalo. element ngayinye inenombolo ayo - Inkomba. Njalo, egcinwe esitokisini ngokuthi i-elementi afanayo.

Uhlobo mgudumbili indawo izakhi zalo okusikhumbuza matrix. Amaseli e nezinto eziningi kangaka zinezikhathi indices ezimbili (kufana ibhodi chess namaseli olunezinombolo). Isimiso esifanayo luyasetshenziswa nokuningi isakhiwo ngakuthathu.

algorithm komugqa

Lolu hlobo ukulandelana flowchart (izibonelo zinikwa lesi sihloko) libhekene ngokwenza kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni phansi. Kulokhu, umshini owenza enqunyiwe ukusebenza ke step by step. Njalo senzo kusingathwa processor. Ngaphandle Computing, uyala bhala / ikhanda ukufunda, kuphi nokuthi yini ukurekhoda nendlela okufanele icatshangelwe, uma kunesidingo. Umphumela wokugcina kulotshiwe ku-inkumbulo amaseli, ngamunye ephethe Inkomba yayo futhi lugcine njalo yayo.

ekhelini algorithm

Ekusebenteni, uhlobo lwento kukalutshwana kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kuye kudingeke ukuba ahlele ukulandelana okuyinto, kuye ngokuthi izimo inikezwe ukuqhutshwa ngokuvumelana igatsha elithile. I ukusebenza ngempambano inalokhu branched isici uhlobo "isixazululo", lapho isimo esithile ihloliwe, futhi kulapho amagatsha ngaphezulu ngokulandelana.

Flowchart: Izibonelo

Cabanga indlela algorithm usebenza branched. Njengoba isibonelo, ukuthatha umsebenzi: z = y / x. Lubonakala kusukela isimo ukuthi kwesibalo has eyodwa komkhawulo - akakwazi ukuba ahlukaniswe ngo-zero. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuqeda isinqumo futhi azise umsebenzisi mayelana nephutha. Yokuqala edonswe edonswe kulezo ngempambano. It izokuba amabhlogo eziyisikhombisa. Uphawu lokuqala ingcaca - "Ukuqala", owesibili - "Faka" lapha kufanele usethe amagugu X Y. Lokhu kulandelwa block "isixazululo", it is eyenziwa ukuqinisekiswa isimo X = 0. Kulokhu, umshini lucwaningo wokubuyisana iseli njalo uma inani okokufaka zizofana ke, ngaleso sikhathi i-algorithm uya igatsha isinqumo "Yebo". Kulokhu, ukulawula udluliselwa iyunithi lesine futhi umshini okukhiphayo i "iphutha", umsebenzi uphela ngo "Qeda" uphawu lwesikhombisa. Uma umphumela alivumi ke owesihlanu uphawu ingcaca sokuhlukanisa inqubo wenziwa kanye uzimisele ukubaluleka Z. Ngo lesithupha block okukhipha yi esikrinini.

round robin

Ngokuvamile, ekuxazululeni izinkinga kubalulekile ukuphinda ukukhishwa kwanoma yimuphi ukusebenza ku ukwencika okufanayo amagugu ezahlukene eziguquguqukayo futhi ukukhiqiza ndima abaningi ingxenye efanayo naleyo nqubo. izindawo zokuphumula ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi imijikelezo futhi algorithm - cyclical. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela iyehlisa ukulandelana uqobo. algorithm lokujikeleza zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: nakuyazi kusengaphambili futhi imali ezaziwayo kusengaphambili enjalo sihamba.

Isibonelo izixazululo ekhelini algorithm

Cabangela lesi sibonelo lapho unikezwa ngempambano ngaphambili nge inani elingaziwa maqembu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukuxazulula inkinga - ucacise inombolo okungenani amalungu uchungechunge lwezinombolo zemvelo, futhi leyo mali idlula isibalo K. Le umdwebo block siqukethe izinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili. Ekuqaleni, faka ukubaluleka K (№2). Khona-ke, ngo-block 3 variable R kusethelwe ku- "omunye", kusho ukuthi-ke uzoqala ngokubala izinombolo zemvelo. Inani sezikhalazo C ekuqaleni kusethelwe ku- "zero". Ngokulandelayo, ukulawula udluliselwa block lesihlanu, lapho kubulawa umyalo senzeka: C = C + P. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana summation uyakwazisa C no P amaseli, futhi umphumela overwritten e C. Ngemva kwalokho kwegama elithi kuqala ukulandelana iyenziwa №6 izimo iyunithi - uma isamba idlula predetermined K? Uma isimo onganelisekile ke control sihamba ukuvimba lesine, lapho n variable luyanda ngomunye, nokucubungula uyaqhubeka futhi ukuvimba №5. Le nqubo kuyokwenzeka uma nje izimo ezilandelayo ziyaneliswa: C> K, okungukuthi, lemali anqwabelene idlula value kusengaphambili. I n variable kuyinto umjikelezo esiphikisayo. Okulandelayo ukuqhubeka ukuvimba №7, lapho sihleli imiphumela.

Algorithms equkethe isichazi iluphu isakhiwo

Ngokuvamile isidingo ukudala iluphu ikhambi algorithmic yenkinga, esesikhundleni emzimbeni walo umjikelezo ezahlukene. Kuthathwa kuyinsakavukela. izakhi maKristu abizwa isichazi iluphu izakhiwo. ukuze labo kungaba mikhulu. Okunqumayo indlela ephumelelisa isixazululo edingekayo yenkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, e-ukucutshungulwa afanayo eyodwa-ntathu, njengoba umthetho, wakha imijikelezo ngempambano ngaphandle nezinamathiselo. Noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinjalo kubalulekile ukhethe inguqulo nje isinqumo esinjalo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izihibe isichazi, kuhlanganise lokuqala (yangaphandle) kufanele ibe zokubala anamagama ahlukene. Ngaphandle angasetshenziswa njengoba eziguquguqukayo abavamile ngaphandle komjikelezo walo.

algorithm asizayo

Lolu hlobo ukulandelana kuyinto analogue of the onkhe ulimi. I-algorithm asizayo unegama futhi ipharamitha ngokuthi esisemthethweni. Qamba unikezwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabanye, futhi kwemigomo indima okukhiphayo nokokufaka imisebenzi zezibalo. Zikhethwe ngendlela selikhathele isethi egcwele izinto eziningi ezidingekayo. Ngokuvamile eyodwa futhi ipharamitha efanayo esisemthethweni kokubili input bese okukhipha. Ngokwesibonelo, e enjalo algorithm singasebenza array okokufaka ukuze kusetshenziswe. Ngo nomphumela ingxenye, kungashiwo idluliselwe ngendlela eguquliwe njengenhlangano ipharamitha okukhiphayo. Phakathi izinhlobo algorithm asizayo ukuhlukanisa phakathi imisebenzi kanye nezinqubo.

noqhekeko algorithm

It lichazwa ngokuthi ukunwetshwa isikimu jikelele algorithm ekusekelweni (imisebenzi kanye nezinqubo) kanye nenhloko. Le ndlela silula, lapho i-algorithm kunikezwa idayagramu block - lokuqala ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zawo, banesibopho yibona ababenza umsebenzi omningi. Izigaba enzima kunazo zenziwa njengendlela izinqubo umsebenzi futhi top-level. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlukaniswe izindawo zokucathula ezingeni eliphansi. Isebenzisa isimiso 'kusukela eyinkimbinkimbi kuya elula. " Kunenkolelo nje algorithm ngeke zezikhali ku izakhi zalo elula. Ngokuvamile noqhekeko isinqumo ukulandelana unezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: kufakwa, ukuhlunga array, ekhishwa afanayo Okunokubuka. Izigaba nesibongo, ngenxa yabo nje akudingeki ukunwetshwa, ngakho abasenzela algorithm main. Kodwa yesibili i-izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu self-cezu, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile uboniswa block ehlukile. izigaba ukuhlunga, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: isidingo inqubo ukusungulwa (N-1) -fold ka ukudlula afanayo kusengaphambili futhi ekutholeni element encane kunazo zonke afanayo isinqamu, kulandele rearrangement kungxenye kokuqala isici salo. Njengoba isinyathelo sokugcina is liphindwe izikhathi eziningana, it is bhalisiwe njengoba inqubo ehlukile.