Kakolweni Soft: incazelo, ukutshalwa, ukusetshenziswa

Soft kakolweni izinhlobo basonta zezitshalo herbaceous yonyaka. I ngokuvamile ihlangabezane okusanhlamvu umndeni kanye mjatlikovyh. Lezi zenzakalo bokuqala kakolweni ezithambile atholakele ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule ensimini ka Turkey yanamuhla. Ezinsukwini zethu lokhu wokudla ikakhulukazi ukwenza imikhiqizo ebhikawozi, nakuba zikhona ezinye izindlela ukusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo wezolimo. Imibandela lapho esekhulile kakolweni elithambile, akudingeki izimfuno eliphezulu phezu sezulu, ngakho-ke akuve kuvamile ukuba iRussia.

Incazelo isitshalo

Ukulungiswa kakolweni 100 cm, kuyilapho amabanga isilinganiso 60-80 cm. Ngo kusaqalwa izingxenye isitshalo obala noma pubescent kanye culm kuyize futhi mncane. Amahlamvu ukufinyelela 16 mm ububanzi, ngo inqubo yokukhula ekuzuzeni ubulukhuni. Empeleni, izindlebe kakolweni kunqunywa igama layo - ukuthungwa yayo ezithambile kuyinto fragility ezahlukene, kodwa libhekene kuyaqina. Lapho zihlukana ezindlebeni lomugqa wesibili ne maphakathi Axis kungekho izinyanda izinwele.

Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo ngezikhawu inflorescence kusukela izindlebe eduze okulinganiselwa ku -7 mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlebe babe imingcele cishe alinganayo ubude nobubanzi. Isikali, okuyinto okuvalelwe kakolweni izindlebe kuyinto ngokulandelana 10 mm ubude, kuyilapho ziba usizo ekupheleni abukhali ngesikhathi keel. Lena izinyo esifushane, nozobamba ngaphandle - uhlobo lesivikelo izimila.

Lapho kutshalwa?

Ohlwini izitshalo edume kakhulu lolu hlobo ophethe irekhodi endaweni elalihlala wonke. isandiso okunjalo kuye kwaba neqhaza undemanding nenhlabathi futhi izimo zezulu zingaba sikhule lapho isiko. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo kusadingeka ezinye ukulinganiselwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukolo ehlobo ngokufanele eba ngaphansi kwezimo 25 kuya 40 °. Lokhu okuthiwa kakolweni izifunda wabusa ezindaweni zezolimo kanye sezulu evumayo.

Uma sikhuluma ezindaweni ezithize, kuyoba eYurophu nase-Australia. Endabeni izifunda European bangakhuluma ekhula asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo. abalimi base-Australia futhi luqondiswe inhlangano izinkambu kakolweni phezu izikhala asemaqeleni. Elulele lokhu isiko eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, lapho liye ayetshalwe Prairies futhi pampas. Ningazishiyi zodwa zichayeke nezitshalo abalimi Russian. Lokhu kufakazelwa isivuno sikakolweni, okuyinto yisilinganiso sesifundo 26-28 kg / ha isizini ngayinye.

Ukwahlukaniswa main kakolweni ezithambile

Ikhwalithi main kakolweni yikhono yakha gluten. Kuyinto kusukela kule impahla ancike izici imikhiqizo ebhikawozi. Ukolweni emva processing eyinhloko iya sikhiqiza imikhiqizo pasta, okusanhlamvu kanye isitashi. Ukuze sithole nokufaneleka izitshalo izidingo ezahlukene iye kwetfulwa ngezigaba eziyisisekelo kakolweni esekelwe ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi futhi gluten-free, kanye izinga layo. Kusukela inhlanganisela izinhlobo abasebenzi izinga, kanye khona ukungcola kakolweni ezithambile ihlukaniswe izigaba ezinhlanu. Ngakho ngokuya gluten kakolweni namanje isahola kuqinile, kodwa ukutshalwa yayo liyadingeka ukuthobela imibandela ezibophayo kakhulu Agro-zezulu, futhi lokhu bengayi kuzo zonke izifunda.

Quality ngezigaba kafulawa

Icacisa amandla ufulawa kusekelwe izinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko - Umsebenzi enzyme kanye nekhwalithi gluten. Kukhona izigaba ezintathu, okuyinto zingafani iqoqo izinkomba lezi izakhiwo. Ikilasi lokuqala kuyinto kakolweni eqinile, esibonakala by okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu amaprotheni, gluten zazivuma futhi nokunwebeka, kanye Vitreous ezinzima. Kafulawa, ekhiqizwa ngesisekelo okusanhlamvu ezinjalo, uhlamvu ukungena nakwamanye amazwe futhi ngobuningi. Njengoba kakolweni kunzima, uhlaka ezifana imikhiqizo ebhikawozi angathuthukisa okusanhlamvu ababuthakathaka. Iqembu lesibili imelelwa amandla isilinganiso okusanhlamvu, okuyinto nje ngeke ukwazi ukwenza njengalelo modifiers kakolweni ayebuthakathaka, kepha babe izakhiwo eliphezulu imikhiqizo ebhikawozi. Isigaba sesithathu - ungukolo ababuthakathaka, waba nezimfanelo yalo ephansi impela ukubhaka. Kusukela elamukelayo esincane okusanhlamvu imikhiqizo esigayweni, okuyinto zingafani porosity anolaka. Ezibuthakathaka kakolweni ezintofontofo basezindlini ngokuvamile ukwethula ayimbijana wamaprotheni ne gluten. Lokhu ufulawa isetshenziswa womshini confectionery.

kulinywe

ERussia, it is kutshalwa futhi ebusika kanye entwasahlobo kakolweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yisabelo akhawunti ezithambile kakolweni cishe 95%. Mayelana 45% kwale ngxenye kuyinto kakolweni ebusika, okuyinto Simila ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eseningizimu nemaphakathi. izinhlobonhlobo enjalo aphumelele kangcono ngoba ifa ukumelana frost. Bayakwazi ukumelana kufika ku -35 degrees. Nokho, snowless ebusika oyinhlekelele kakolweni ezinjalo.

Ukuze zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu ukubaluleka wenzalo umswakama. Winter zidinga umswakama ngokwanele ngesikhathi ukuhluma. Nge isomiso, enze kangcono kunalokho entwasahlobo kakolweni. Njengoba i eyengeziwe ukuvundiswa lime esetshenziswa - njengoba umthetho, le ndlela zikamanyolo elisetshenziswa nenhlabathi ne-asidi eningi. Ngokuphathelene isikhathi sokutjala, ukolweni ebusika ngesikhathi kuqala frost kufanele abe nesikhathi tillered - kuso futhi eqondiswa izazi zezolimo namahlathi abanolwazi. Ngo kunesomiso futhi luqhutshwa titibonelo letinkhulu tekuvumelana. Entwasahlobo inhlabathi okwenza urea futhi ammonium nitrate, kodwa kuphela uma izwe Akukho lutho olusele-nitrogen.

Milling izakhiwo kakolweni

Inqubo ukugaya kudinga imishini ekhethekile ukuxhuma kwandziswa ngokuhamba ethile namandla. Kuye umzamo wachitha kunqunywa inani ufulawa nokusanhlamvu. iziphetho wayo babusekelwe ezimfanelweni eziningana isiko, kuhlanganise ukugaya, fineness, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokunye. D. Futhi kunakwe futhi engaqondile izici, ezifana ukufana, imvelo kanye umlotha. Natura - isilinganiso nenqwaba ivolumu okusanhlamvu kuyo, kona ungaboniswa amalitha. I ezincane lesi silinganiso okungukuthi, ephansi lemali kafulawa. Liphinde libhekene kakolweni ezithambile siqondile, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo lisho kwemigomo okusanhlamvu. Isilinganiso usayizi wokusanhlamvu ukuma njalo ukukhuthaza kangcono qualitative nepepper.

izakhiwo yokudla okunempilo yokusanhlamvu

Grain izindlebe aqukethe izakhi eziningi ewusizo, kuhlanganise amafutha ne amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namaminerali. okuqukethwe okunomsoco Ikakhulukazi gluten leyehlukile izinhlobonhlobo eyigugu kakhulu kakolweni. Lokhu mass iraba-like ikhiqizwa okusanhlamvu fake kutsho. inqubo kwetheknoloji kuhilela ngesigezo ngamanzi, ngalokho lunikeze lokuhlushwa eliphezulu izingxenye amaprotheni njengoba glutenin futhi gliadin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukolo ezithambile ngefomu kusetshenzwe lungaba isitashi, cellulose namafutha izinto eziningi ezincane. I share izingxenye amaprotheni zaba 80% kanye isitashi kuthatha cishe u-20% gluten.

isicelo

Ngokuvamile, lokhu isetshenziswa njengophawu kakolweni wokudla imikhiqizo ebhikawozi. Futhi kusukela lwemithombo isiko umkhiqizo, okuyinto njengoba ubhiya kakolweni ezaziwayo. Asetshenziswa futhi byproducts - isibonelo, ngemva esibuyeni kukhona bran, engasetshenziswa kule yokudla imfuyo. Sebenzisa ezithambile kakolweni izinhlobo, futhi zezimboni yokukhiqiza isitashi bioethanol. Nokho, lezi izimboni akuzona ngokuyinhloko ngokuya ukusetshenziswa kakolweni eluhlaza. Okungenani, kukhona okuningi kutshalwe izilimo, okuyizinkinga ezivamile ngaphezulu izindawo ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Ukolweni namanje begxile kakhulu ukudla ingxenye.

isiphetho

kakolweni Yande nomthelela alula ukuze izimo Agro-zezulu elikhulu Milling Izakhiwo ezenziwayo ukuthola eliphezulu wabhaka izimpahla. Kule ndaba, ukolo ezithambile iyona nenzuzo kakhulu impahla eluhlaza for embonini yezokudla. Lamanje ezolimo okwaqokonyiswa njengoba nje ukuthi ziyizinhlobo eziningi kanjani entwasahlobo ofanele kakhulu ukutshalwa izimo sezulu Russian. Kodwa izitshalo ebusika hlala isheya elikhulu endaweni Imininingwane kutshalwa. Lokhu kakolweni kuyinto endawni ezimweni ezingenawo la mathuba, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ezicini eziningi ezindaweni esenyakatho yezwe.