Izinto eziphilayo zokuqala zidla kanjani: izinhlobo zokudla, izici

Zonke izilwane eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni wethu wuhlelo oluvulekile. Ukusebenza kwalo kuncike ekutheni izinto ezidingekayo emsebenzini wokuphila zivela emvelweni wangaphandle. Imininingwane yokuthi ungadla kanjani izinto zokuphila zokuqala , kanye nezinhlobo zokudla ozothola ngezansi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuqalisa le nqubo.

Ukudla kokuphila okuphilayo

Ukuze isimiso sokuqala sezinto eziphilayo sibe khona futhi sisebenze, ukwakha umzimba, kudinga izakhi ezithile. Inqubo lapho amandla nezidakamizwa kudliwa khona ngokuvamile kuthiwa ukudla okunomsoco.

Izinhlobo zokudla

Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokudla okunempilo eziphilayo - i-heterotrophic and autotrophic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-autotroph ibizwa ngokuthi i-organic organisms, lapho umthombo wekhabhoni usebenza khona ngokuqondile nge-carbon dioxide. Zihlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo zebhaktheriya, kanye nezitshalo. Umzimba onjalo ungadala izinto zento ephilayo, ukudla izinto ezingavamile.

Ama-autotrophs, futhi, avame ukuhlukaniswa ngama-hemotrophs nama-photoautotrophs. Lezi zinyama ziyizinto eziphilayo ezisebenzisa amandla okukhanya ukuze zenze inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-biosynthesis. Okukhethwa kuqala kuhilela ukusebenzisa amandla ayo okuphendula okwenziwe nge-oxidative yamakhemikhali ayimvelaphi engavamile.

Ama-heterotrophe abizwa ngokuthi yizinto eziphilayo, iziphi izinto ezivela emvelweni ezidingekayo ezifomini ezenziwe ngomumo. Zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zebhaktheriya, zonke izifungi nezilwane. Lezi zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, ikakhulukazi.

Ngokuya endleleni yokuthola izinto eziwusizo, ososayensi bahlukanisa ama-heterotrophs abe izinhlobo ezimbili. Lesi sitho siyi-phagotroph, edla ukudla okuqinile, kanye nokuhlolwa okubamba izingxenye eziwusizo ngendlela yesisombululo ezivela ezindongeni zamaseli.

Phakathi kwama-heterotrophs kukhona uhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo okuthiwa i-saprotroph. Kukhona futhi okunye okumele kubizwe ngokuthi i-biotroph. Kulezi zinsuku, umthombo wokudla ungumzimba ophilayo. Uma sikhuluma nge-saprotrophs, zisebenzisa izakhi ezivela emfwini noma ezidalwa eziphilayo (izilwane). Lokhu kubandakanya ezinye izinhlobo zefungi, amabhaktheriya, izitshalo, izilwane. Kunezinto eziphilayo-mixotrophs, ezondla kokubili izinto ezenziwe ngomumo futhi zikwazi ukudala ezivela ezintweni ezingavamile.

Izinto eziphilayo zokuqala zidla kanjani: umbono wabososayensi

Ososayensi abasesimweni samanje abakafiki esiphethweni esisodwa mayelana nokuthi izidalwa zokuqala zazihlala kanjani emhlabeni. Lokhu kusebenza nokuthi indlela yokuphila okuqala edla ngayo. Kodwa cishe bonke ososayensi bayaqaphela iqiniso lokuthi njengokudla basebenzisa izinto ezingokwemvelo ezivela ngenxa yempendulo ye-abiogenic. Lokhu kungaba umphumela wezimvula zelanga, ukuduma kwezulu noma ukushisa, okunikezwa ngamagesi, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi izidalwa zokuphila zokuqala zidla kanjani, futhi manje seziyizingxoxo phakathi kwabososayensi.