Iyini izicubu ze-neural

Izicubu ezisabekayo (HT) kubhekwa njengengxenye yesakhiwo senqubo yesifo esivela ebuchosheni futhi iphela ngeziphetho zezinzwa. Uma sicabangela isakhiwo sezintuthwane zesisulu, kungase kuqaphele ukuthi liqukethe amangqamuzana omzimba okuthiwa ama-neurons, amangqamuzana angama-assistant ahlobene (okungewona i-iroglias), kanye namafayili nokuphela, kufaka phakathi izitsha kanye nezicubu ezixhunyiwe.

Ukuthuthukisa kusuka ku-ectoderm, i-HT yakha uhlelo lwesimiso esiyinhloko. Kulo, amangqamuzana ahlanganiswe ngamaqembu, ngakho-ke kuvela indaba eluhlaza, kuyilapho izintambo ziqoqa izinqwaba, zakha indaba emhlophe.

Izicubu ezisabekayo zibhekene nokuqhutshwa nokucasula. Ngakho-ke, ama-cell emangqamuzana angena kumaseli aguqulwa abe yizimpendulo ezinikezwe izitho ezifanele, izicubu noma imisipha. Ama-HT amasevisi agcine futhi agcine imininingwane futhi angayithola kwimemori uma kunesidingo.

I-neuron iqukethe i-nucleus ne-cytoplasm ezungezile (i-pericarion), lapho i-mitochondria, i-ribosomes, i-complex ye-Golgi, izinto zika-Nissl nokunye okukhona. Kusuka kuzo izinqubo, ezimele izinhlobo ezimbili.

1. I-Dendrides - kubo isisusa sidluliselwa emzimbeni weseli. Zinebude buka-0.2 μm.

2. I-neuritis (i-axon) - kuyo imfucuza idluliselwa emzimbeni weseli. Iphela ngamagatsha, okwenza uxhumano namanye ama-neurons noma izicubu zezitho.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba angenza amapulisi ngendlela eyodwa.

Izicubu ezisabekayo zinezinhlobo ezintathu zamangqamuzana omzimba:

1. Ukuthinta - ukukhiqiza impulses.

2. Efektornye - yenza izicubu zomzimba zibe yisenzo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-neurons nama-neurosecretory amangqamuzana (abandakanyeka enqubo yokuvuselela).

3. Ukuhlanganisana - ifomu lokuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana omzimba.

Izintambo zomzimba ziyizinqubo ze-neurons ezizungezwe ngamagciwane. Ziyi-bezmielinovye ne-myelin. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sabo, bayingxenye yesakhiwo somnyango othile wesimiso sezinzwa.

Amafayili omgogodla anqamula ama-apparatus akhethekile, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphela kwezinzwa, ngosizo lwamafayili axhumane nezici ezihlukahlukene zamathishu. Ukuphela kukhona kwezinhlobo ezimbili: abathinteli kanye nama-synapses. Ukuziphatha kokuqala ukukhathala kusukela kwendwangu kuya e-fiber, okushiwo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kusuka ku-fibre kuya kwendwangu.

Izicubu ze-Neural nazo zine-neuroglia, okungukuthi, iqembu lamaseli aphakathi kwe-neurons. Lawa maseli enza imisebenzi enjengokuvikela, eyimfihlo, yokwehlukanisa, ukusekela kanye ne-trophic. Bamba iqhaza ekwenzeni ukuzijabulisa ngokusebenzisa amafayili phakathi nokuvuselelwa nokuguqulwa kwazo.

Ngakho-ke, uma sicabangela imisebenzi yezincubu zesifo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa lokhu okulandelayo: ukukhiqizwa nokuziphatha kwamagagasi kagesi, ukubeka imali nokugcina isitoreji emininingwaneni yolwazi oluthile, ukubamba iqhaza ekwakheni ukuziphatha, ukucabanga kanye nemizwelo.

Ngakho-ke, i-NT iyinhlobo ekhethekile kakhulu yezicubu, ezakhiwa ngamaseli, amafayili, ukuphela kanye neuroglia. Amaseli anesakhiwo sokuqaphela, ukujabula, ukukhiqiza izifiso ezithile, bese bezithumela. Ngenxa yalokhu, izicubu zibamba iqhaza ekuhlanganisweni, ukulungiswa, ukuvumelanisa kwazo zonke izitho, izinhlelo nezincubu zomzimba womuntu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho izicubu zezinzwa zinezifo, zonke izakhi ezakha isakhiwo saso zihlupheka. Kulesi simo, izinqubo ze-pathological zingase zenzeke, isibonelo, ukuvuvukala, izicubu, noma ezinye izinkinga ezingathinta isimiso sezinzwa zesintu. Izinguquko noma ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziku-NT zihlawulelwa ukusabalala kwezicubu ezixhunyiwe noma ukuthuthukiswa kwama-cysts.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isimiso sezinzwa sisonke sinezicubu zesifo, ngenxa yokuthi zonke izinqubo zomzimba womuntu zenziwa.