Ameba Proteus: isigaba, indawo yokuhlala, isithombe. I-amoeba proteus ihamba kanjani?

Izilwane, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, zisezingeni elihlukile lenhlangano. Omunye wabo uyiselula, futhi abameleli bayo abajwayekile yi-amoeba proteus. Izici zesakhiwo sayo kanye nomsebenzi obalulekile kuzocatshangelwa ngokuningiliziwe.

I-sub-umbuso unicellular

Naphezu kokuthi leli qembu elihlelekile lihlanganisa izilwane ezindala kakhulu, izinhlobo zalo ezihlukahlukene zisezinhlobo ezingama-70. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yibo abamele abahlelekile bezwe lesilwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zakhiwo nje zihlukile. Cabanga nje: enye, ngezinye izikhathi ezincane kakhulu, iseli likwazi ukwenza zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile: ukuphefumula, ukunyakaza, ukukhiqiza. Ameba Proteus (isithombe sikhombisa isithombe sakhe ngaphansi kwe-microscope elula) ngummeleli ojwayelekile we-sub-umbuso we-Protozoa. Ubukhulu bayo abufinyeleleke ku-20 μm.

Ameba Proteus: iklasi lezilwane ezilula

Igama laleli silwane likhombisa izinga lenhlangano yalo, ngoba i-proteus isho ukuthi "elula." Kodwa ingabe lesi silwane siyingqayizivele? I-Amoeba proteus iyimmeleli yekilasi lezinto eziphilayo ezihamba emaphethelweni angenakwenzeka e-cytoplasm. Ngokufanayo, amangqamuzana egazi angenangqamuzana adala ukuzivikela komzimba. Zibizwa ngokuthi i-leukocytes. Ukunyakaza kwabo okubizwa ngokuthi i-amoeboid.

Kuphi imvelo i-amoeba proteus

Lesi sitho esilula sithanda ukuhlala emzimbeni wamanzi ashubile nosawoti. Izimo zokubhukuda zithandekayo kuye, ngoba inqubo yokubola ikhombisa ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lama-bacterium ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ze-protozoan zidla. Nokho, ifomu lakhe le-dysenteric lizwa likhululekile ekukhanyeni komathumbu womuntu. Ekuboneni kokuqala kungase kubonakale ukuthi lokhu kubukeka okuyisimungulu. Kodwa lo mbono uzoba iphutha. Ukuhlala emathunjini, kudla amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene futhi akulimazi muntu. Kodwa uma isisu sithinteka, i-amoeba ingene emifuleni yegazi bese iqala ukudla ama-red cells. Kulesi simo, izilonda zakha ezindongeni. I-amoeba yesifo esithathelwanayo singasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa amanzi aluhlaza, imifino engcolile nezithelo.

Ukuhlala emzimbeni wamanzi angcolile amoeba proteus akulimazi muntu. Lo mhlaba ufaneleke kakhulu, ngoba kuwo olula kakhulu ubambe iqhaza ebalulekile ekudleni kokudla.

Izici zesakhiwo

U-Ameba Proteus ungummeleli wekilasi, noma kunalokho umbuso ongaphansi kwe-Unicellular. Ubukhulu bayo abufinyelele ku-0.05 mm. Ngeso iso, lingabonakala ngesimo se-jelly-like. Kodwa zonke izingqimba ezinkulu ze-cellelles zizobonakala ngaphansi kwe-microscope elula ekukhuliseni okukhulu.

Amadivaysi angenasisekelo e-amoeba proteus amelelwa i- membrane yesisindo, enesisindo esihle kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kukhona okuqukethwe okumanzi-oketshezi - i-cytoplasm. Uhamba njalo, okwenza ukwakheka kwama-pseudopods. I-Amoeba yisilwane se-eukaryotic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto zayo zofuzo zifakwe kule nucleus.

Ukuhamba kwe-protozoa

I-amoeba proteus ihamba kanjani? Lokhu kwenzeka ngosizo lwemikhawulo engazinzile ye-cytoplasm. Ihamba, idala ukuhlanganisa. Futhi-ke i-cytoplasm igeleza kahle esitokisini. I-sprains iyabuyiselwa futhi yakhiwe kwenye indawo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-amoeba proteus ayinayo imizimba yomzimba unomphela.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla

I-Amoeba proteus iyakwazi ukuphakama ne-pinocytosis. Lezi yizinqubo zokwamukelwa kwamaseli wezinhlayiya eziqinile neziphuzo, ngokulandelana. Idla ama-algae ezincane, amabhaktheriya nezinhlobo ezilula kakhulu ezifanayo. U-Ameba Proteus (isithombe ngezansi ubonisa inqubo yokuthola ukudla) abazungezile ngama-pseudopods akhe. Okulandelayo, ukudla kungaphakathi kweseli. Emzimbeni we-diguotive vacuole uqala ukwakha. Ngenxa ye-enzymes yokugaya inyama, izinhlayiya zihlukaniswa, zigajwe umzimba, nezinsalela ezingenayo i-undigested zisuswe ngekhanda. Nge-phagocytosis, i-leukocyte yegazi ibhubhisa izinhlayiya ze-pathogenic ezithinta umzimba nomzimba wesintu njalo umzuzu. Uma lawa maseli engavikela izilwane ngale ndlela, ukuphila bekungeke kwenzeke.

Ngaphandle kwe-organelles ekhethekile yokudla, ku-cytoplasm kungase kube khona ukufakwa. Lezi zakhiwo zamaselula ezingaqiniseki. Bambalela ku-cytoplasm uma kunezimo ezidingekayo zalokhu. Futhi ziyasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo esibalulekile salokhu. Lena yizinhlamvu zesitashi kanye namaconsi we lipids.

Ukuphefumula

I-Amoeba proteus, njengezo zonke izinhlobo ze-unicellular, ayinayo i-organelles ekhethekile yokuphefumula. Isebenzisa i-oksijeni echithwa emanzini noma kwezinye izikhukhula, uma kuziwa kuma-amoebas ahlala kwezinye izilwane. Ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi angaphandle e-amoeba. I-membrane yeseli igcwele oksijeni ne-carbon dioxide.

Ukukhiqiza

I-Amoeba ibonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwe- asexual. Ukuhlukaniswa okufanayo kweseli kokubili. Le nqubo yenziwa kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. Kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, i-kernel ihlukaniswe. It welula, ihlukaniswe yisinqe. Ngenxa yalokho, amafomu amabili afanayo afana nucleus eyodwa. I-cytoplasm phakathi kwabo iphukile. Izigaba zayo i-obosablivaetsya ezungeze i-nuclei, eyenza amangqamuzana amabili amasha. I-vacuole yezivumelwano zivela kwenye yazo, futhi kwenye iyakhiwa kabusha. Ukuhlukana kwenzeka nge-mitosis, ngakho-ke amantombazane amantombazane angumfanekiso oqondile wamaseli omama. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-amoeba ivela ngokujulile: izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ngakho isikhathi sokuphila somuntu ngamunye sincane kakhulu.

Umgomo wokucindezela

Iningi le-amoeba lihlala emanzini. Inani elithile lasawoti lichitheka kuwo. Okuncane kakhulu kulezi zinto ku-cytoplasm yiyona elula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amanzi kumele avele endaweni enokuhlushwa okukhulu kwendaba. Le yimithetho ye-physics. Kulesi simo, isidumbu se-amoeba kuzodingeka siphume ngokusuka komswakama. Kodwa lokhu akukwenzeki ngenxa yesenzo se-vacuoles ekhethekile yezivumelwano. Basusa amanzi angaphezu kwamanoni aphelile kuwo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo banikeza i-homeostasis - ukugcina ukuhlala kwendawo yangaphakathi yomzimba.

Kuyini i-cyst

I-Amoeba proteus, njengenye i-protozoa, iguqule ngendlela ekhethekile yokubhekana nezimo ezingathandeki. Iseli lakhe liyeka ukondla, ukuqina kwazo zonke izinqubo zokuphila kunciphisa, imithi yokumisa umzimba iyanqamuka. I-Amoeba ipheli ukwabelana. Ihlanganiswe negobolondo elikhulu futhi kuleli fomu linenkathi engalungile yanoma yisiphi isikhathi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezikhathi zonke ukuwa, futhi lapho kuqala ukushisa, isilwane se-unicellular siqala ukuphefumula ngokuqinile, sidle futhi sande. Okufanayo kungenzeka ngenkathi efudumele lapho kuqala isomiso. Ukwakhiwa kwama-cysts kunencazelo eyodwa. Iqukethe ukuthi esimweni esinjalo i-amoeba ithwala umoya ode kakhulu, ukuxazulula lezi zinhlobo eziphilayo.

Ukuthukuthela

Yiqiniso, le nkulumo elula ene-celled ingena ohlelweni lwezinzwa, ngoba umzimba wayo unomakhalekhukhwini owodwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, lesi sakhiwo sazo zonke izilwane eziphilayo e-amoeba protey sibonakala ngetekisi. Leli gama lisho impendulo ezenzweni zokwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene. Bangaba abahle. Isibonelo, i-amoeba ihamba ngokucacile ezintweni zokudla. Lesi simo singase siqhathaniswe nezimpikiswano zezilwane. Izibonelo zamatekisithi amabi ukuhamba kwe-amoeba proteus kusuka ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, kusukela endaweni yokwanda ketshezi noma isisindo somshini. Leli khono liyinhloko yokuvikela.

Ngakho-ke, i-ameba proteus ngummeleli ojwayelekile we-sub-umbuso we-Protozoa noma i-single-celled. Leli qembu lezilwane lihlelwe ngokuyinhloko. Umzimba wabo unamaseli owodwa, kodwa uyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba wonke: phefumula, udle, wande, uhambe, uphendule ekucaseni kanye nemibandela engavumelekile yemvelo. I-Amoeba Proteus iyingxenye yezinto eziphilayo zemvelo yamanzi anosawoti kanye nosawoti, kodwa futhi ikwazi ukuhlala kwezinye izilwane. Ngokwemvelo, umhlanganyeli emjikelezweni wezinto kanye nesixhumanisi esibaluleke kunawo wonke ekuthengeni kokudla, kube yisisekelo seplanton yamanzi amaningi.