Izindiza zomlilo. Umlando nesimanje

Imililo emikhulu, kokubili yemvelo kanye ne-anthropogenic, imelela usongo olunzulu emthonjeni wehlathi wezwe, izitshalo nezilwane, imvelo ngokujwayelekile, futhi ngokuvamile ibeka umthelela umsebenzi obalulekile ophephile womuntu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezindiza zomlilo ukutholakala ngesikhathi, ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuqedwa ngokushesha kwemililo ezindaweni ezinkulu.

I-fighter enamaphiko. Qala

Izindiza zokuhlola zokuqala zokunciphisa isakhi somlilo (amahlathi aseShatursky, esifundeni saseMoscow) wenza i-U-2 biplane ehlobo lika-1932. Amabhomu anokwakheka kwamakhemikhali akhethekile ahlaselwa emlilweni. Futhi, indiza yokuqala yokulwa nomlilo yayine-tank 200-litre, okuvela kuso isisombululo esikhethekile, okwakhiwa imikhawulo yokuvimbela ukusakazeka komlilo. Imiphumela yaba yinto enganelisi, kodwa izinkomba eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokulwa nomlilo wezindiza zazinqunywa.

Ukuhamba kwezimoto ze-USSR

Ngezingxenye ezingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwezindiza ezinomlando we-AN-2 kwakusetshenziselwa ukuqapha isimo somlilo, ukuletha abantu kanye nempahla. Ngo-1964, kwakhiwa imodeli ekhethekile-indiza yokulwa nomlilo i-AN-2P, ekwazi ukuletha izixazululo zamanzi angu-1240 emlilweni emathangi.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, isigameko somlilo sehlathi sagcwaliswa ngezindiza ze-Antonov OKB ezihlomelelwe ngamanzi angaphandle okugcwalisa amanzi ngamathani amabili. I-AN-26P yayinamathangi amabili anjalo, kanti i-AN-32P yayinezine. Indiza ye-AN-32P FAIRKILLER iyazihlukanisa ikakhulukazi ekuqothulweni kwemililo eCrimea (1993) nasePortugal (1994).

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union nokwakhiwa kweqembu lezindiza e-Ministry of Emergencies of Russia ngo-1994, enye indiza yomlilo - IL-76TD - yaqala ukusebenza.

Isikhathi Esikhulu

Ukuqeda imililo ezindaweni ezinkulu, i-ID-76TD ifakwe ama-VAP amabili (izinsimbi zezindiza eziphumayo) enekhono eliphelele lama 42 m ³ . I-Aviation Park ye-Ministry of Emergency Measures yathola izimoto ezinhlanu ezinjalo. Amabhomu amakhemikhali aqhamukayo asetshenziswe ngokuphindaphindiwe ukulwa nemililo enkulu eSakhalin, eKhabarovsk Territory naseTransbaikalia, esifundeni sase-Amur nasePrimorye.

Ukuxhashazwa kokulwa kwabonisa imiphumela ehlanganisiwe. Ngokwezici zobuciko kanye nokungafani kokuthuthukiswa kwemiklamo, i-VAP-2 yayiphakeme kakhulu kunabo bonke abafana ngesikhathi esifanayo - indiza yomlilo ingaveza ukukhishwa kwamanzi amakhulu emasekhondini amane kuphela ukusuka ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-50. Kodwa ukude kakhulu kwamabhanoyi anezinga elidingekayo lomgwaqo waleli klasi lezimoto, ukungabi nalutho kwengqalasizinda ye-refueling nephethiloli namanzi kuncishiswe kakhulu ukusebenza komsebenzi.

Izindiza zase-Amphibian

Umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni izindiza ezibhekene nokushisa umlilo kwabenza abachwepheshe beTaganrog Aviation Complex. I-Beriev. I-Be-12P-200 yokuqala yokulwa nomlilo i-amphibian yahlolwa ngo-1996.

Ku-fuselage womshini ziphakanyiswe amathangi amabili ayi-6 m ³ , ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezinamapheshana azimele. Ibhodi ifakwe uhlelo lokulawula nokulinganisa ukuqapha imvelo, imishini yokukhishwa kwamanzi okuhlosiwe. Indiza yomlilo ithatha kanjani amanzi? Kunezinketho ezimbili. Owokuqala uyatholakala kuzo zonke izindiza - ukuphakama kwezindiza esikhumulweni sezindiza. Ngokusekela okuhle kwezobuchwepheshe Be-12P izothatha i-refuel engakapheli isigamu sehora. Indlela yesibili - ngendlela yokugwedla phezu kwamanzi - gcwalisa amathangi ngamanzi kuphela ama-amphibians. Ku-Be-12P efanayo le nqubo izothatha imizuzwana engu-14-16.

Kusukela ngo-2012, i-Be-200Ch ehlukahlukene yokusebenza ilwa nomlilo. Isikhathi sokukhuphula i-gliding sancipha sibe imizuzwana engu-12. Ukukhishwa kwe-volley kwamanzi kuthatha ngaphansi kweyesibili. Amathangi okhethiwe ngokugcwele aphikisayo angenele ekuthunjweni komlilo ngaphezu kwamathani angu-300 amanzi.