Isibhamu se-shosh sika-submachine: ukubuka konke, incazelo, izici nokubuyekeza

Isibhamu sikaShosh sasibizwa ngokuthi isikhali ngasinye, esaziwa ngokuthi asikho isikhathi esihle, kodwa sathola inkazimulo yomshini omningi kunazo zonke ngokushiyeka okuningi. Umyalo webutho laseFrance nakwamanye amazwe wasebenzisa njengesiyingi samasosha phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala naseminyakeni elandelayo.

Incazelo yesibhamu somshini

Ukubukeka kokuqala kwesibhamu somshini onomgqomo omude akuvumeli ukudideka nezinye izibonelo zezikhali ngaleso sikhathi. Isibhamu somshini wesistimu ye-Shosh eklanyeni siqukethe ithubhu ende yomgqomo, ngaphansi kwayo kuyindlela yokusebenzisa ibhokisi elinamandla. Ama-Cartridges ayondliwa emagazini omncane we-semicircular, amabhudo amancane aqhubekela phambili. Izikhonkwane ezimbili zigcwalisa lesi sithombe, isibhamu sibheka njengokungathi sincane kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nesiqu.

Ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwesibhamu somshini kusekelwe esimweni sokukhahlela komgqomo onokunyakaza okude, okwenziwa ngalo indlela yokuhambisa izinhlamvu ezilandelayo. I-larva ingena ebhokisini nge-trunk kamuva bese ivala umsele. Inqubo ye-trigger esebenzayo eqhubekayo yenza izibhamu ezilodwa zesenzo esiqhubekayo.

Ukubhekisisa kwenziwa ngombono ngemuva kombono wezinkampani. I-scheme echazwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ikuvumela ukuba uvutha ngokuhamba kancane. Izikhali zanamuhla i-theorists zikhuluma ngokungaqondile ngekilasi elinjalo lokubangela ukuba kube isimiso esingadingekile, kodwa kulezo zinsuku zokulwa nempi ephansi ukulwa kusetshenziselwa kabanzi.

I-Shosh pistol ibhekwa izimbambo ezimbili, enye yazo ikhona ngaphansi kwe-butt njenge-model model, isibalo sokugcina ibhalansi ngenkathi ukudubula kungaphansi komgqomo omude. Ifakwe unomphela emilenzeni yokuphoqa. Ukukhiqiza akudingi izindleko ezinkulu zezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esifushane kunamayunithi angaphezu kuka-200 ayizinhlobo zemishini ezenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Sebenzisa empini

Amaqembu aseFrance asebenza ngokushesha ngemva kokukhululwa kwama-model wokuqala aqaphela isikhali esingcono kakhulu njengesibhamu semishini yomshini. Umshini wokushisa umshini uhamba ngokusheshisa kusuka emasimini okukhiqiza ukukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyaziwa. Isikhali sibhekisela kumadivayisi abanjwe ngesandla, ngoba isisindo salo asidluli 10 kg nge-carbine.

Ehlangothini lwesobunxele kukhona imigodi ebhokisini elibavumela ukuba bafake uphawu lokugxila emuva ngemuva kwabo ngokuya ngohlobo lwesibhamu. Ibutho laseFrance lalidumile ngomqondo wokuthi "umlilo oqhamukayo" ngenxa yokuthi isibhamu sikaShosh sika siphethe. U-1915 wavunyelwa ukudubula kusukela e-hip ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokuhamba kwezwe.

Umsuka wezikhali

Umsebenzi wokuqala wabakhi bekungukudala isibhamu somshini wokuzimela noma isibhamu sokukhanya okuzenzakalelayo sokudubula nge-cartridges ejwayelekile yesibhamu seLebel. Isikhali esiphezulu yiSwitzerland gunsmith yesiHungary esivela ku-Frommer. Uzama ukwethula isibhamu esakhiwe ebuthweni lasezweni lakhe, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwembulani ukwehluleka kwesikhali, futhi uhulumeni waphendula ngenqaba.

Umsunguli ongenamkhawulo uyabongoza amaFulentshi, anquma ukuqeda umqondo wokuvikela amasosha. Umshayeli othomathikhi u-Shosha uthola igama lakhe ngegama likaSihlalo wekomidi laseFrance, owadala ekudaleni lesi sikhali. Izinhlamvu ze-CSRG zivele egameni lomculi othomathikhi ngenxa yegama lazo zonke izingxenye zamayunithi okukhiqiza. I-Clianchat (isixhumanisi sokulawula), iSllerre (injini), i-Ribeyrolle (i-technologygist-technologygist), i-Gladiator (isitshalo). Amahemuhemu abantu abizwa ngokuthi isibhamu somshini ogama lakhe lingu-Colonel we-French Shosh.

Izinzuzo zesibhamu somshini

Ukwakhiwa kwesikhali kuthuthukiswa ngokucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhiqizwa kwazo ezimbonini ezingezona ezikhethekile. Inkampani yeGladiator, eyenza ukuhlolwa kokuqala, iyinhlangano yebhayisikili. Umshini wokushisa umshini we-CSRG M1915 unqobe ubukhulu bezinhlangano zokufundisa zemboni futhi uba mkhulu. Izinzuzo zomshini wezibhamu kancane:

• Enye yazo isisindo esincane, esivumela isosha ukuba liqhube futhi lidubule ezikhundleni ezehlukene.
• Ikhwalithi yesibili emihle yukuthi izinga eliphansi lomlilo alivumeli ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lama-cartridges, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali kunciphise kakhulu.
• Inzuzo yesithathu yinto eshibhile yokukhiqiza kanye nokulula kwedivaysi.

Kuleli phuzu, izici ezinhle zezikhali ziphela. Ngaphandle kokuqeda umjikelezo wezivivinyo ezithile, isibhamu somshini sithunyelwa empini ibutho. Futhi kakade unyaka ngemva kokufaka isibhamu ngokuzenzakalelayo, uqala ukususa ngokukhululekile izigceme zokuvikela izikhali zempi ezisekhona. Izinkinga zaba mkhulu kunezifanele.

Ukungahleleki kokwakhiwa kwesibhamu somshini

Isikhali siklanyelwe ngeziphambeko ezibonakalayo, isibonelo, i-larva e-trunk ihlale ishintshiwe, umshini wezibhamu emaceleni ngesikhathi esibucayi. Emgodini omude, uthuli kanye nokungcola kuqoqa njalo, okuyinto ephazamisa kakhulu ukunemba kokudubula. Isibhamu somshini uShosha sibhekene nezinhloso ezinkulu ngenxa yokuthi isibhamu esiphezulu sinokudubula okungaphezu kuka-3 kg izingxenye ezinzima.

Ukuklanywa nokuma komagazini akuphumelelanga akuvumeli ukuthi zonke izinhlamvu zingene esitokweni endaweni efanele, i-cartridges yokugcina iyajikelezwa ekugcineni kwegumbi eliphambili. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi idivayisi ime, idinga ukuxoshwa nokulungiswa kokusebenza kabi. Ezimweni zokulwa, lokhu kusebenza njengokuchitha isikhathi futhi izithembiso ziyanqotshwa.

Ngokuvamile, intwasahlobo ye-carbine ayinakusetshenziswa futhi idinga ukushintshwa, futhi ensimini kunzima. Ikhono lokunciphisa isisindo somshini womshini ngesimo samafasitela ezindongeni zesitolo siphendula ukuthi umsebenzi walo ongathembeki uhlolwe ukuhlolwa nokunye ukungcola nokuthungwa kwezimo ezikulweni.

Isibhamu somshini wokushisa sathola isimo sengqondo esibi ngokuthi iqiniso lokuthi lapho udubula khona, izingxenye zokuphepha zingakwazi ukuphuma. Ibhokisi le-trunk, i-casing ne-frame yensimbi zihlanganiswe ndawonye nge-bolt eyodwa, engaqinisekiswa ngokuqinile ngenxa yobuningi besendlalelo futhi iphikisiwe ngaphandle komgodi ngaphansi kwe-vibration. Ukulahlekelwa kwesici sokuqeda sekuphela ngokuphela kokudubula.

Ukuguqulwa kwesibhamu somshini

Iminyaka, izinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo zibukeka kanje:

• Ngomnyaka we-1915, i-Model Mle 1915 yakhishwa ngokusebenzisa i-cartridge evela epulazini laseFrance.
• U-1918 wabonakaliswa ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa kwesibhamu somshini ukuze kusetshenziswe i-cartridge yaseMelika eyi-7.62.
• Inguqulo yokuguqulwa kwezikhali zaseBelgium 7.65 yasungulwa ekukhiqizeni ngo-1927.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesibhamu somshini kwamanye amazwe

Izici zekhwalithi elikhubazekile azikwazanga ukuheha amanye amazwe ukuthenga isibhamu semishini, kepha akubanga njalo. Imiyalo yomqondisi wezempi emnyangweni wezempi yaseMelika kwakwanele ukudlulisela izikhali ezingaba ngu-16 000 empini empumalanga yeFrance ukuze kutholakale izikhali zamabutho aseMelika awalwe lapho.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uColonel Isaac Lewis usungula eMelika ukukhiqizwa kwezibhamu ezithembekile, kodwa inhloko yomnyango ngenxa yokungamthandi kwakhe kuyeka ukukhethwa kwezikhali eziphansi futhi unikeza ibutho ngesibhamu somshini wokushona. AmaMelika, ayejwayele impi ekhululekile, isikhathi eside akazange asebenzise izikhali ezinjalo. Ngesikhathi omunye wezempi esexoshiwe, abanye ababili bazama ngokushesha ukuthenga izitolo zangaphandle.

Umqondisi wemnyango wezempi unquma ukukhulula inguqulo entsha ye-cartridge yaseMelika futhi ngo-1918 inikeza ukuthunyelwa kwezibhamu zomshini olusha olusha olunezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwezingu-19 eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-19. Imodeli entsha ayiyona kangcono kakhulu kuneyokuqala. Inani le-cartridges esitolo liyancipha libe ngu-16, futhi iphutha emidwebeni liguqula ikamelo lomgqomo libe yindlela engakhululekile, okwenza kube nzima ukususa amakladidi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesibhamu se-Shosh okuzenzakalelayo eRussia

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ekupheleni kuka-1916, uMbuso WaseRussia wanikeza izibhamu ezingu-500 ze-Shosha ezivela eFrance. Isikhathi esengeziwe sokusebenza kwezempi sasidinga ukudluliswa kohlelo lwesiFulentshi ngamanani angu-5,600. Lesi sikhali sasiphumelele futhi asisetshenziswanga kakhulu yi-Red Army ekwenzeni impi yombango. Ukusetshenziswa kwaqhubeka ngemva kokuphela kwayo.

Amazwe aseNtshonalanga

EFrance, isibhamu somshini F.Shosh CSRG 1915, esakhishwe ngaphansi komsebenzi wokukhiqiza isikhathi esigcwele, esasetshenziswa ukuvikela ibutho ngasekuqaleni kuka-1915, kodwa saxoshwa kulesi sicelo ngo-1924.

Isici sokuqala sezwe seMbusweni waseJalimane kwakuyi-arming yebutho elinenombolo encane yezibhamu zomshini othomathikhi, ezitholwa njengama-trophies emisebenzini yempi ngasentshonalanga. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, iRussia yesithathu isebenzisa isibhamu se-Shosh trophy njengokuguqulwa kwama cartridges aseFrance, eBelgium naseYugoslavia.

I-Finland ihlomisa amasosha amabutho ayo ngezibhamu zombili kabili - phakathi nempi yaseFinland-Soviet nasempi elwa neSoviet Union kuze kube ngu-1944. Ukudilizwa kusho ukuthengwa kwemishini engu-5 000.

I-Romania, eyahlanganyela eMpini Yezwe Lokuqala, isebenzisa zonke izikhali ezingu-7 200. EPoland ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu zamabhomu zihanjiswa. E-Italy, umyalo uqonde masinyane ukuthi isibhamu somshini wokushayela, izibhamu ezizenzakalelayo azitholanga inzuzo ebonakalayo. Kodwa inani elithile lihlinzekwa ngokubamba izikhali zezimoto zempi.

Izenzo zokuqeda isibhamu se-Shosha 1915

• Isibhamu somshini sikhishwa.
• Ukucindezela i-stopper ngemuva kwebhokisi kusukela phansi kususa ipuleti ngemithombo.
• Iziphethu zihlukaniswa, khona-ke i-clutch ikhishwa.
• I-casing ihlukaniswe ebhokisini ngokukhipha isibambo sokugodla emuva, ukuxhumeka kwe-bolt kususiwe, oxhumana naye uphenduka ekhanda phansi.
• Shootisa i-dispatcher ngesibambo se-platoon ne-bar yokuqondisa bese uyisusa emgodini kumamukeli.
• Ngemuva kokukhipha ibhokisi, i-trigger ishicilelwe.

Ukuhlanganiswa komshini womshini othomathikhi kwenziwe phansi.

Imibono yocwaningo ekwakheni izikhali

U-R. Lidshun noG.Vollert bachaza encwadini yabo "Izingalo ezincane izolo" umshini wokushisa umshini njengesikhali, okuyinto eyamukelekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwabantwana abancane, ngoba isosha lingayithwala ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa. Uma sikhuluma ngesicelo esikhulu, khona-ke izibhamu zomshini ezinjalo ziphakamisa kakhulu umlilo ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa nokubuyela emuva. Ezweni lanamuhla, ukubaluleka kwezikhali kuncishisiwe, kepha kuleso simo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakulungile.

Ukwaziswa ngomlando weFrance uthi izwe leli alihambanga nezwe ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho-ke kudalwa isibhamu somshini. Lesi sibhamu sisebenza njenge -apple yokuhlukana phakathi kwabathandi baseMelika bezikhali. Abathandekayo abaningi bathi isibhamu somshini kumele senziwe ngokuqinile futhi singasetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwezempi. Imicabango enjalo iboniswa yi-Ford R. encwadini ethi "Umgogodla wesihogo".

Umlawuli waseRashiya uFororov ukholelwa ukuthi isibhamu ngesimo somshini wemishini, esichazwe ngokuthi i-pullback ende, kubhekwe njengasasebenzi, futhi ukukhululeka ekudubula kutholakala ngokunciphisa isiqu.

Ngakho-ke, isibhamu se-Shosha yomshini we-1915 asibhekwa njengesibonelo esihle kakhulu sezikhali ezizenzakalelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo empini ngamazwe amaningi kusikisela ukuthi lesi sigameko somshini sasiyisinye sezibonelo zokuqala zamehlo aphumelelayo.