Izimpawu, uphethwe nezimpawu nomdlavuza wamasende ezingabantu. Yiziphi izimpawu nomdlavuza wamasende kwaphetha ngokuthi amadoda kanye uwuchaza kanjani-ke?

Amadoda amaningi yobudala emaphakathi, ungakwazi ngiziqhayise ukuthi ekuphileni kwakhe konke wayengakaze kwadokotela. Phakathi ukujabulisa ubulili Ezimweni ezinjalo ingasaphathwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwezitho zobulili e abesifazane abadinga ukunakekelwa njalo, Izifo Venereal ezibathintayo kakhulu ngokuvamile ngaphezulu. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana ukuphila elingenazinkinga yendoda namanje engazethembi kuhlolisiswa rectal, okuyinto evame kuqhathaniswa ne ekupheleni kwentsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu eqinile ngokuvamile akwenzi unamathisele ukubaluleka kakhulu ukuvakashela onguchwepheshe. Nokho, it is a ukuvakashelwa belated ngokuvamile igcina yokuthi amadoda uxilongwe izifo ngempela sina okudinga ukwelashwa abanekhono. Omunye isifo esinjalo kubaluleke ngempela eziyingozi nomdlavuza wamasende. Izithombe zalesi zokugula ingatholakala ezikhethekile yezokwelapha izincwadi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalo, futhi sizobe ukumboza kulesi sihloko.

Incazelo isifo

nomdlavuza wamasende - isifo abavamile. Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yalesi sifo ezingabantu abadala zihlanganisa cryptorchidism, ukuphazamiseka ezingeni kohlelo endocrine, ngemiphumela yokukhishwa kwemisebe, umonakalo mechanical kuya scrotum.

Ngo izibalo, izimpawu wamasende umdlavuza umdlavuza kutholakala amadoda akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-2% amacala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isifo libhekene nolaka. Phakathi abamele ubulili namandla ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-35, lesi sifo ngokuvamile siyimbangela yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ngo ingxenye yesithathu izimo, izimpawu eziyinhloko uxilongwe e abafana abancane. Ngo-90% wabo, isizathu itholakala ukuguqulwa abulalayo izimila benign - teratoma. Yena, livela ngenxa iziyaluyalu zentuthuko utero.

nomdlavuza wamasende: izimbangela

Namuhla, izimbangela ngqo walolu hlobo zokugula, efana nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, akwaziwa. Nokho, ochwepheshe bebonke ukuvumelana mayelana eziyinhloko okubangela ukuthuthukiswa izifo - cryptorchidism. Lesi simo ikakhulukazi lapho phakathi kwengane esiswini noma ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbalwa yokuphila isende akusho ozakwehlela scrotum. Imane uhlala okuthiwa i-canal inguinal , noma ngisho esiswini. Ngokuvamile sifo e iziguli Oncology abaye yenziwe yaba yasendaweni iqanda ngqo ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu.

Ubani isengozini?

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngisho noma ingane ingane lwenziwe ukuhlinzwa, nomdlavuza wamasende ezingabantu njengoba abadala angasahlelwa sitholakale. Phakathi kwezici eyinhloko eyandulela, ezikhulisa ingozi yokuba nalesi sifo, ukubizwa ngokuthi lokhu okulandelayo:

• nezici ezithile Ukubambezeleka.
• Okungavundile.
• Klinefelter syndrome (a umonakalo ubulili chromosome ezakhini zofuzo).
• Nokungathuthuki of umthondo.
• Ukubandakanywa kwemikhandlu isibanda izicubu ku testes ezingeni isegazini.
• Okuqhubekayo isinyathelo lokukhanda.

izimpawu zokwelapha

Izimpawu eyinhloko nomdlavuza wamasende ezingabantu okulandelayo:

• uphawu elincane endaweni ethintekile;
• ukunqwabelana oketshezini scrotum;
• ukungakhululeki njalo, soreness;
• ukwanda ubukhulu amaqanda evamile.

Ekuqaleni lesi sifo izimpawu lomdlavuza we amasende ezingabantu iyivelakancane ngokuphelele. Isiguli ke uthola omunye wabo kophawu encane. Umzimba uqala ukwandisa ngokushesha ubukhulu, kukhona ukungakhululeki ngisho ubuhlungu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isimila esibulalayo esikhula kakhulu ayivamile ukubangela ubuhlungu. Kwenzeka kuphela uma isimila uthwebule ngokuphelele intambo spermatic.

In esigabeni esilandelayo sokuthuthuka we zokugula waphawula ukusonteka wamasende nokukhuphula kwabantu babo. Ngenxa ekuqongeleleni njalo uketshezi okuyingxenye ezilimele of the scrotum uqala ukwandisa ngobukhulu. Uma iqanda is hhayi baphonse, isimila kungenziwa kalula kuphenywe ngqo emseleni inguinal. Kungenjalo, ngesikhathi kwasendaweni yayo endaweni besisu we neoplasm bangakhula babe babebaningi kakhulu. Kukhona amacala lapho kuthatha cishe kwesigamu ngalo ingaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho wamasende izimpawu umdlavuza ezingabantu abahlangene kumiswa metastases. Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iphika, nobuhlungu obukhulu umhlane imbilapho, ukungakhululeki ku edema umlenze. Zonke lezi zimpawu emitholampilo kukhona kalula kakhulu explainable.

Ngokwesibonelo, iqolo Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso kokucindezelwa njalo emsipheni izimpande retroperitoneal lymph node, okuyinto nako kuyenyuka ngosayizi. Foot edema kuphakama ngenxa ukugqagqana ka metastases phansi kunabaphostoli vena cava. Izimpawu ze-nomdlavuza wamasende ezingabantu ingase ihlanganise izimpawu ngisho nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso. Lokhu kungenxa kokucindezelwa we neoplasm ureter.

Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo ehilela ushintsho kwama-hormone. In iziguli omdala, zivela njengoba ubuthakathaka futhi kwehle libido. Abafana izingane zabo zingase ukuthuthukisa gynecomastia, hirsutism (ngokweqile zonke iziboya emzimbeni ihlanganisa), kuguquka izwi.

ngezigaba

izimila wamasende kungaba ezimbili zama:

• Amagciwane Engeke Esaba cell (baphuma epithelium) - seminoma, teratoblastoma, horionepitelioma.
• Negerminogennye (ekuthuthukiseni kwezicubu ezinkulu) - leydigoma, Sarcoma, sertolioma.

Amagciwane Engeke Esaba iseli isimila okufana (seminoma) kwenzeka kaningi kunabo. Seminoma kutholakala 50% amadoda enesifo somdlavuza. Leli ukuvuvukala is ku engeyokuqala onomfutho. Ngokuvamile, likhula ngempela kancane futhi hhayi ephelezelwa ukopha ukuxakeka. Seminoma Ukudlulela ikakhulukazi ezithinta emaphashini, izindlala zamanzi namathambo.

izigaba umdlavuza

Okwamanje yahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana lesi sifo. Ngenxa lokhu kuqhekeka odokotela kungenzeka zokuhlukanisa kakhulu ngokunembile nomdlavuza wamasende ezingabantu, futhi ngemva - ukuphathwa ezifanele.

• Isigaba sokuqala. Neoplasm ise isende ingahambi ukudlula lokho, akukho Ukudlulela.
• Eyesibili esiteji. izimila Metastasized kuthiwa isebenze ISIZINDA retroperitoneal.
• I yesithathu neyesine izigaba. Metastases ukungena izitho elikude noma zamanzi.

Futhi ezinye ngezigaba international aziwayo yesifo - TNM, owawuthi nemingcele eziyisisekelo zomdlavuza ezithile okhonjiswe incwadi (T - izici yesimila ngokwayo, N - incazelo ISIZINDA isimo, M0 - ukungabi khona metastases, M1 - khona metastases ezikude).

ukuhlola

Ukuze yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo yalesi sifo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba akubheke. Indlela yokubona nomdlavuza wamasende?

1. behlolwa isiguli, kuhlanganise palpation we scrotum uqobo.
2. Ukuhlolwa (LDH, BHG, AFP). Kususelwa ezingeni lokuhlushwa okuthiwa isimila nakomaka udokotela ihlola ukuphumelela kwalesi ukwelashwa kanye izibikezelo lesi sifo.
3. Tadisha scrotum ngu transillumination. Le ndlela lisikisela candling indawo ethintekayo ne ugodo ewumngcingo yokukhanya. Udokotela ucubungula kungaba esikhanyayo nombala. Uma izicubu we scrotum neze okuhambisa ukukhanya kungase kubonise khona umdlavuza.
4. Radiography ukuthola khona metastases.
5. Ultrasound Ukuhlola scrotum nezitho okhalo.
6. CT thorax nesisu.
7. Bone amathambo scan.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla sokugcina senziwa okusekelwe imiphumela wamasende izicubu biopsy. Ukuhlaziya biopsy ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu ivumela ukukhomba uhlobo oluthile lwesimila, futhi ukubikezela velocity esiphelweni zokugula.

Ngokuzimela bathola lesi sifo?

Endaweni yokuqala kunconywa ukubona ukubukeka nomdlavuza wamasende ezingabantu. Izithombe kwezitho abathintekayo ayatholakala lwemibhalo ezikhethekile. Ngakho, uma kukhona noma yisiphi ukuphambuka isiguli Kufanele ufune izeluleko lwezokwelashwa olusheshayo.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi amasende okunempilo kufanele kube mayelana usayizi ofanayo, kodwa enye kuthé aphansi ukwedlula ezinye njalo. Kungenjalo indoda ayikwazanga uqondanisa izinyawo zakho ndawonye.

Odokotela belulekwa ukuba bazihlole njalo ngenyanga, futhi endlini efudumele. Into wukuthi the scrotum abandayo unciphe kakhulu ngokwanele. Inketho ekahle ubhekwa ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi eshaweni. Amasende azizwa kufanele ziyafana kuphekwe amaqanda kanzima abilisiwe, futhi ube usayizi cishe 4 cm ububanzi. Iziphathimandla akufanele ubuhlungu. Noma yimuphi ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kungahunyushwa njengendlela ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela.

Kuyini nomdlavuza wamasende? Ukuthinta ezingemuva engxenyeni engenhla umzimba kungenziwa kalula Kutholwe neseleko yayo - ngentambo ezacile. Noma yimuphi isisindo elikulo, kungabhekwa njengokwenzeka isimila (ngokuvamile ingozi). Kunoma yikuphi, uma ithola yimuphi ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela kufanele ngokushesha kudokotela. Iyoyimisa i ukuhlola okungeziwe zokuxilonga, bese, uma kunesidingo - ukwelashwa.

ukwelashwa

Kuyinto kule sifo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi lisikisela ukukhishwa kwe-isimila focus, resection ekwelapheni of lymph node kanye nomphumela letindzala chemotherapeutic kuwo wonke amaseli atypical.

ukwelashwa Surgical nokususwa ngokuphelele endaweni ethintekile nge sitho. Uma ngesikhathi metastases ukusebenza esikhaleni peritoneum uqhutshwa lymphadenectomy retroperitoneal.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, isiguli ithunyelwa ngamakhemikhali. Litjho kube nesimiso sokuqondisa emthanjeni nokusetshenziswa amalungiselelo akhethekile ( "Iofosfamid", "Cisplatin", "Vinblastine") ukuthi kuthinta wonke umzimba. Ikhumbula yokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abe izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu umzimba, ngokuyinhloko ngokushesha wabhubhisa ngokwabo.

Kwezinye izimo, kunconywa eminye njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye. Uma ubheka ubungako enkulu isimila, le ndlela yokwelashwa lisetshenziswe esigabeni preoperative.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

I ngaphambili lesi sifo sitholakale umuntu, imishanguzo ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana futhi ngeke ukwandisa amathuba okuba umphumela ube muhle lesi sifo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukwelashwa ivumela iziguli iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu noma ngaphezulu (90%). Lapho Ukudlulela sokusinda kuyehla kube 72%.