Zhorzh Sand: A Biography somlobi. Inoveli futhi ukuphila siqu kuyinto Aurora Dupin

Baroness Rich, ozalwa ukugcina ngamasiko asendulo, kodwa abadelelayo, umbono weningi futhi ukuphila kwami konke obala bevukela izimiso zakhe - yilokho kwaba Aurora Amandine Lyusil Dyupen, okuyinto eyaba isinyathelo esinqala emlandweni emhlabeni ngaphansi mbumbulu nesizotha Zhorzh Sand.

Okudingekayo ukuze kulesi sikhundla ukuphila kwamiswa eside ngaphambi kokuzalwa Aurora nemicimbi esebenzisa ebuntwaneni kweva eminyakeni.

okhokho yizicukuthwane

Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi ukuziphatha ebekiwe ezicukuthwaneni XVIII leminyaka ukushada kuphela okufanelekelayo emehlweni eziningi ukukhanya, bese tie ezingenakubalwa ukuthandana ohlangothini. Ngemva kwalokho, abanye inzalo engumlanjwana pha ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho. On omunye amagatsha kuyadida ngakho isihlahla zozalo eyaqala futhi amahlumela fresh Amandine abasha Aurora - ukuthi igama langempela Zhorzh Sand, amnike lona lapho sizalwa.

Phakathi bokhokho bakhe sasitholakala Inkosi yase-Poland, ngubani ahlukana ngalo indlovukazi yakhe, uMaria Aurora ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe uMaurice, Nokho, wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo akhuliswa ngayo futhi umsebenzi wakhe ukusiza. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Morits Saksonsky kwadingeka intombi eseceleni eziningi, enye yazo wabeletha Maria Aurora. Nokho, ukushaya yakhe indodakazi yakhe, wayengumuntu ekujaheni. ukuqashelwa Esemthethweni yena sithenge kuphela ngemva kokufa kukayise. Yena kabili washada kakhulu ngempumelelo futhi ngokushesha waba umfelokazi nendodana yakhe ngezingalo zakhe kanye nesimo umxhwele. Nansi indodana, wazala umbhali esizayo odumo emhlabeni.

abazali

Kuningi becasukile kanina, ukuphila kwakhe Moris Dyupen elihlobene ne abesifazane Lokudabuka ongaswele lutho. Sophie Victoria Delabord sebenzisa be wokudansa babenedumela elibi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, Maria Aurora enqabe khona ukuqaphela umshado futhi akazange ngisho ufuna ukubona abazukulu bami. Sophie Victoria wazala izingane ezimbili, uMaurice - Aurora ne-Auguste. Kodwa umfana asebefile ngenxa yalesi sifo isakhasa.

ukufa Maurice ngokuzumayo ngenxa engozini eyabangelwa egxilile Maria Aurora ukuba aphinde acabange isimo sabo sengqondo ukuze umzukulu kancane, ngendlela efana kakhulu indodana yakhe. Madame Dupin wanquma ukuletha intombazane okwenenekazi yangempela futhi indodakazi bafaka ugwayi katiki - noma uyahamba ifa, ukuhlinzeka sivikelwe umalokazana wakhe, noma Aurora ishiywa ngaphandle libe yifa labo.

Sophie Victoria wakhetha yangaphambili, futhi waya eParis lapho afike uhlele yakhe empilweni yakho. Leli gebe kwaba ngukulimala ntombazanyana. Wayeneminyaka engu-emine kuphela ubudala lapho washonelwa uyise, futhi manje-ke namanje bahlukaniswa nonina, ayizalela babemthanda. Nakuba baqhubeka ukubona nomunye ngezikhathi ezithile, Sophie Victoria ayibanga indodakazi yakhe noma umngane noma umvikeli noma umeluleki. Ngakho kusukela esemncane, Aurora, kwadingeka ngifunde ancike ngokwabo futhi izenzele izinqumo zayo.

intsha

Lapho eseneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, ugogo, njengoba kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu wamthumela endlini eqashisayo eyayiqhele ngesikhathi sezindela ukuqeqeshwa. Lapha Aurora izwele benamandla isithakazelo emhlabeni engokomoya engaziwa. Wayengumngane ingqondo olukhuni, futhi yena ngentshiseko shí etholakala izincwadi sezindela.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ugogo wakhe wahlupheka buhlungu kuqala. Sesaba ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukushonelwa indlalifa yowesifazane abasha uzolandela ezinyathelweni unina, uMaria Aurora enquma ukushada kwakhe ngokushesha, futhi kuthatha kude sezindela.

Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umncane kwaba ingane, umshado ka lula, wamelana ngokuqinile kakhulu, futhi maduze Maria Aurora ishiywe izinhlelo zayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi biography Zhorzh Sand ayebhalwe umlando enkulu has isandla ayo ngokuqinile.

Ngakho, indlalifa yowesifazane eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha ibuyele impahla yakhe e Nohant, lapho afike achitha khona isikhathi sakhe ngokufunda izincwadi imfashini ngesikhathi Chateaubriand, Pascal, U-Aristotle namanye zefilosofi.

Aurora Young walithanda ukugibela. Sigqoke izingubo zabesilisa futhi ngihambahamba eside eduze Noana. Ngalezo zinsuku lalibhekwa ukuziphatha okweqisayo, kodwa intombazane weyengenandaba inhlebo lutho.

abaphilayo ozimele

Ngezinye nesishiyagalombili, ngemva kokufa ugogo wakhe, Aurora washada Casimir Dyudevan. Ukuze umshado ophumelelayo ihlulekile - izithakazelo kakhulu ezahlukene ayenakho nomyeni wakhe. Wamzalela indodana, kodwa emva kwesikhashana waqala bezimisa abathandi.

Ngo-1831, e-Aurora bathutha omunye uthando, Jules Sando, Paris. Ukuthi uyoba nomthwalo igama layo - Zhorzh Sand. Ukuze bazinakekela Paris, le ntokazi enquma ukuqala umsebenzi sína etemibhalo.

Le noveli lokuqala - "UKhomishana" futhi "Rose futhi UBlanche," zalotshelwa ngokubambisana Jules Sando futhi wasayina igama lakhe, njengoba umndeni yizicukuthwane wayengafuni ukubona igama Dyudevan kwethi ikhava. Imisebenzi zaba impumelelo, futhi Aurora banquma ukuzama isandla sakhe emsebenzini ezimele. Yavela kanjalo-ke inoveli "Indiana".

Sando uye wenqaba ukuyamukela azithele ngabandayo ongafanelwe. Futhi abamemezeli, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yagcizelela ukuthi incwadi kumele lithengiswe kuphela isiginesha zomphakathi othandekayo kombhali. Khona-ke Aurora wanquma ukususa eyodwa iledere isibongo bese wengeza igama wesilisa. Ngakho kwaba khona liyabonakala ngakho namuhla-alias Aurora Dupin - Zhorzh Sand.

imikhuba ewubuciko

Ngemva kokuthuthela e-Paris, umlobi abasha ekuqaleni kwaba emfushane kancane kwezimali. Mhlawumbe lena ekuqaleni kwakuyincwadi ngenxa ngendlela yayo egqoke izingubo zamadoda. Kwakuyisikhathi efudumele, ukhululekile futhi kuhambisana izikhathi ezahlukene. Nokho, kamuva kakade owaziwa futhi ecebile, Aurora ne akayikhohliwe izingubo ezinjalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, maduze nje futhi lapho bezixoxela waqala makudle igama UGeorges, esikhundleni segama sowesifazane Aurora. Lokhu kuye kwaholela namahlebezi amaningi ukuma kwakhe ngokobulili.

ukuqashelwa etemibhalo

Ukuqala ngemisebenzi "Indiana" futhi ebhalwe phansi umugqa wokugcina, amanoveli ka Zhorzh Sand ubelokhu yabangela ukusabela okuhlukahlukene abafundi. Enye into nakanjani - they ncisheka cha hamba ubani ngabandayo. Abaningi bayahlonishwa kubo nakakhulu - wagxeka.

Umlobi ephakanyiswe Amakhasi izincwadi yakhe evuthayo izihloko. Wabhala yokucindezelwa kwabesifazane, iboshwe kwezinkambiso ephelelwe yisikhathi nomphakathi. Washayela ukulwa and win, okuyinto asikwazanga ukuthola impendulo emphakathini, imibono ningakhathazeki wamavukelambuso ...

inkanyezi romance

Umbhali odumile kwadingeka abathandi abaningi. Nokho, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke kwaba wopiyano abasha abanamakhono. Frederic Chopin futhi Zhorzh Sand bekipitile esingangezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye. Nokho, lokhu emshadweni onjengalo kuyothiwa bayajabula. Ilokhu ogulayo futhi egxilile emsebenzini wakhe uFrederic okudingekayo ukuze umhlengikazi kunokuba senkosikazi. Sand Futhi ngokushesha waqala ukudlala indima yakhe nekamama doting, kodwa hhayi ezobambisana naye ekuphileni.

Nge izakhiwo, lezi ubudlelwano abangu nakanjani. Nokho, ngokuvumelana baxgeki, imisebenzi yakhe best of Chopin Nesihlabathi wabhala ke ngesikhathi besaphila ndawonye.

ifa etemibhalo

Umnikelo umbhali ezikhuthele izincwadi ayikwazi overestimated. Ngo ambalwa nje eminyaka umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko, yena utlole engaphezu kwekhulu netindzaba, isibalo esikhulu izihloko lesibonwa, kwaba okukhuluma enomthamo omningi futhi yakhiwa 18 namadarike. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona namanje ezingaphezu kuka-18 eziyinkulungwane izincwadi siqu Zhorzh Sand. Izincwadi ezabhalwa wakhe, ethandwa kuze kube manje.

Nokho, akuyona nje ubukhulu. At ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe Sand ngokuzimela bezazisa uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele etemibhalo - the romantic inoveli ngokwengqondo. Kuyinto isici enciphisa inani lezinhlamvu kanye nemicimbi, futhi egxile ezintweni ezenzeke abalingiswa.

izibonelo obusobala ngaloluhla uhlobo kukhona "elinguConsuelo," "I Countess eRudolstadt", "Nguye."

ukuphila Epilogue

The last 25 iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe Zhorzh Sand wachitha at impahla yakhe e Nohant. Usaqhubeka ukubhala amanoveli kodwa, ephuma esibayeni wakhe ngalesi sikhathi, musa kukhanye ukuthi ngobuqotho futhi isifiso ukulwa ezazivamile imisebenzi 1830s. Ubudala esonweni nokuhlukaniswa zokuphila bazenza wazizwa.

Manje Sand eside ubhala mayelana izintelezi of wempilo yasemaphandleni, ethule uthando wokwelusa esifubeni nemvelo. It ishiya le okuningi-abathandwa izinkinga yakhe yokuqala eziyinkimbinkimbi zezenhlalo gxila ezweni elincane langaphakathi izinhlamvu zakhe.

Zhorzh Sand wafa ngo-1876 eneminyaka engu-72. Ngalesi sikhathi udumo lwakhe etemibhalo isivele lizimelele hhayi kuphela eFrance kodwa futhi ngalé kwemingcele yayo. Belingana Viktorom Gyugo futhi Charles Dickens Zhorzh Sand ngokuthi lo sezifundo kulenkhulu isikhathi sakhe. Futhi akumangalisi, ngenxa yokuthi wayengakwazi esebenzisa yonke imisebenzi yakhe athwale imibono isihe nesihawu.