Izimakethe zezimali. abahlanganyeli lwezezimali emakethe Russia

izimakethe zezimali - kukhona izikhungo ukuthi unikeze nokungena kwezimali phakathi kwezinhlangano: uhulumeni, izinkampani kanye zimali. Umgomo owodwa - ukuze sithole imali ngoba izinkinga emkhakheni yangempela, ezinye - dolobha ukwanda. Imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalokho kukhona ezimakethe zezimali, abahlanganyeli emakethe yezimali, funda ku.

ngezigaba

ingahlukaniswa ngokwenjongo ezimakethe:

• exchange angaphandle;
• ngokheshi;
• izikweletu;
• eside;
• lezimpahla;
• isitokwe.

yasebhange wemboni

Isisekelo uhlelo imali emakethe nokutshalwa yesikhashana. Ukwenza ukuthengiselana, abahlanganyeli benana amathuluzi ketshezi zezimali. izinkomba eziyisisekelo emakethe ucubungula ezingeni ingozi. Lokhu ingxenye sixhomeke kakhulu phezu komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali lamabhange ehola we-US Federal Reserve. Uma isimo emakethe sibhebhetheka, zokuthenga ngesikweletu sokucabangela izingozi ezingaba khona njengoba amazinga aphezulu futhi ziyanda ukubolekisa sivunyiwe.

amabhange Central njengoba main abahlanganyeli emakethe yezimali, banelungelo ayitholwa ukukhipha imali yamaphepha, buthelela izinqolobane, engamele lonke uhlelo.

Akhethekile zokuthenga ngesikweletu ukukhonza amaklayenti ukufeza ethile umkhakha noma izihambi imisebenzi.

amabhange Universal abanengxenye izimakethe zezimali embulungeni yonke ahlinzeke anhlobonhlobo amasevisi: CSC ukuheha imali, ukuhweba kanye nokugcina of Central Bank, ukutshala.

Okunye yisikhungo sezinhlangano eziphambili zezezimali-credit (Depository, izimali zempesheni, izinkampani zomshuwalense) yokugqugquzela ukonga sabantu, ukuhlinzeka mortgage loans, afeze ukuthengiselana nge amasheya kanye izibopho.

capital emakethe

Lapha iphathwa eside amathuluzi. Issuers udaba izibopho ezimakethe zezimali. Lwezezimali abahlanganyeli emakethe ukunikeza ukulinganisa ukuthembeka obolekayo, okuyinto esashiwo Central Bank of inzuzo. Izimali ephakanyiswe ingasetshenziswa ngetinhloso letehlukene, isibonelo, ukuze sikhokhele lolu izinhlelo zokutshala izimali. Nengozi isuke inkulu, ayanda intengo yemali ebolekiwe. amabhange Central kungaba sikhuthaze umnotho ngokufaka wehlise isibopho ezithela. Okungukuthi, izimo umboleki angase ngcono ngemva utshalomali. A dolobha lakhiwa ubhekwa isici esiyinhloko womnotho ezithuthukayo.

stock market

umsebenzi Its main - ukuheha imali ebhizinisini. Nakangaka ibekwe ngo- ukuthengisa ingxenye nenkampani yabo ukuthi abatshalizimali. Central Bank hit ezimakethe zezimali. Lwezezimali abahlanganyeli emakethe, ahlola amathemba ukuthuthukiswa lenhlangano, athathe isinqumo ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa amasheya.

Forex

Ukuxhumana izimakethe zezimali ezintathu Kwenziwa ngesisekelo exchange. Ukuze ukuthengiselana ababambiqhaza kudingeka bathenge lwemali yezwe e imali lapho uhlela ukutshala. Uma umtshali wemali uyobe ufuna imali itshalwa kumasheya ezindawo eNew Zealand, kuzomele uqale probresti New Zealand dollar.

emakethe emhlabeni

Kube eyenziwa ekuqongeleleni imali etholakalayo phakathi kwamazwe. Emakethe eyinhloko kukhona ukuhanjiswa dolobha phakathi zimali kanye ababoleka, phezu yesibili - ushintsho abanikazi.

Eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke sehlukaniswe ngamazwe nezikazwelonke. Ngaphansi izindlela lokuqala:

• isethi imisebenzi umhlali lwemali kazwelonke;
• ebolekiwe, ezivuma abahlanganyeli emakethe yezimali, lwemali angaphandle.

Zonke imisebenzi eyenziwa iqhaza ebhange umhlali. Ngaphansi fin.rynkom ngamazwe libhekisela zakwamanye ukuthengiselana, engewona nokho kuncike oqondile isimo isiqondiso. Esikhathini yasebhange ukuhlinzwa ingxenye zenzeke phakathi credit tikhungo kuniketa loans short term. Lwezezimali abahlanganyeli emakethe futhi ingathola nemalimboleko futhi ukuhweba we Central Bank. Ukuboleka ayatholakala njengoba yesikhathi esifushane (izinyanga 3) kanye isikhathi eside, ngesilinganiso elintantayo kwezinhloso zenzuzo. Lihlanganisa Izindleko zokukhulisa imali umboleki ethize kanye eziseceleni.

Abahlanganyeli of ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele wezimali

On the ukunikezela funa uhlangothi kukhona izingalo abakweletwayo, zimali, isimo kanye abaxhumanisi. Labantu kwenza imali yabo ku ukonga, okuyinto otshala imali ezimakethe zezimali. Lwezezimali abahlanganyeli emakethe ebukhoneni indlela esifanelekile kungaba umthombo ukukhula isimo. Emit ukuvikeleka kwamasheya izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Zonke lezo zifundo ngezizathu zomthetho zihlukaniswe abahlanganyeli ngabanye kanye ezimbonini. Enterprises awukwazi nje ake Central Bank, kodwa futhi ukutshala izimali zabo okwesikhashana khulula.

Isimo ngokuvamile umboleki, okuyinto inkinga izikweletu ukuze sikhokhele lolu ukungeneli kwesabelo sezimali. Uphinde imisebenzi. Ngosizo imithetho neziqondiso, ithinta ukuziphatha iqhaza futhi aqondise ukuthuthukiswa emakethe. Uma kukhona babutha izimali, uMbuso babe zimali, okungukuthi, ngokunikela ngesekelo leemali izinkampani ezithile zebhizinisi.

Lwezezimali abahlanganyeli emakethe futhi abaxhumanisi lapho imali sabantu iguqulwe loans, okuyinto eyenza amabhizinisi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo izimali.

wabathengi

Laba abahlanganyela ezimakethe zezimali zomhlaba wonke zinengxenye ukusiza ukuqaliswa ukuthengiselana njenge-ejenti noma ikhomishini ejenti, okusho enze ukuthengiselana egameni yabo noma egameni iklayenti, kodwa ngezindleko zakhe siqu. Basebenta bobabili ku ehlelekile futhi phezu emakethe esiphikisayo. Brokerage imali - lo myalo nezimali ezivela ukuthengiselana waphetha. Iklayenti esayina inkontileka nge party professional, okuyinto ubeka zonke izinhlobo oda. Ngesisekelo le dokhumenti, broker wenza imisebenzi emakethe, ngokukhetha Bank eyabo. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi iklayenti ingamisa imisebenzi nekhotho. Konke okwenziwe broker kumele azise iklayenti futhi uhlu ke imali ukudayiswa izibambiso esikhathini kubekiwe idokhumenti. Konke okwenziwe angaphansi yokubhalisa saziso.

Abathengisi

Laba abahlanganyela emakethe ehilelekile ukuthengiselana nge kwezezimali ku ingozi yabo sinombono inzuzo. Abathengisi ukumemezela obala intengo imisebenzi, ukuth enze ukuthengiselana reverse nemibandela ebekiwe. Amaholo abo isuselwe umehluko phakathi ukuthengwa nokudayiswa namanani. Ngakho-ke, wabenza ziyadingeka ukuqapha isimo emakethe. Ilayisensi ayikwazi kuphela uthole izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Kulokhu, omunye futhi inhlangano efanayo kungaba nomthengisi, nomdayisi, umkhiphi, umtshali wemali uyobe yesikhungo. Leli qembu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• ngamabhange;
• inkampani utshalomali;
• izisekelo;
• bomshuwalense;
• izinkampani zomshuwalense;
• PF kanye nezinye izikhungo esikweletu zezimali.

Abathengisi enze le misebenzi elandelayo:

• kuhlinzeke imininingwane ngokufinyelela kwi-Central Bank of udaba;
• ukufeza oda yekhasimende;
• ukuqapha isimo izibambiso emakethe;
• ukunciphisa abathengi kanye nabathengisi.

Kusuke Kungeyakho

Depository - Central Bank abahlanganyeli emakethe yezimali ukuthi sihlinzeke izinhlelo isitoreji, ukubhaliswa amalungelo impahla kanye ukunyakaza kwabanikazi bamasheya Central Bank. Isivumelwano ne umhlanganyeli professional ngeke aqukethe kwale mibandela elandelayo:

• isihloko kuthengiselana - ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo yokugcina Central Bank noma kuqashelwe amalungelo;
• inqubo yokudlulisela ulwazi mayelana nokulahla izitifiketi;
• usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi;
• oda payment for services Depository;
• PERIODICITY lokubika;
• imisebenzi depositary.

Konke okufakwayo ezilotshwe akhawunti "esitokisini" amaklayenti.

Registrars abanikazi esohlwini ka bhalisiwe Central Bank. Ukuze yokubhalisa, imininingwane isitoreji, izinguquko ebhukwini lizokhokhiswa. Ilayisensi abenza ngawo imisebenzi enjalo kungaba kuphela uthole izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Ebhukwini uhlu Central Bank of abanikazi, okhombisa inombolo, ukubaluleka par, izigaba kwemibhalo ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu bamasheya ngosuku echaziwe. Incwadi yesivumelwano ukuze sihlinzeke izinhlelo ngenkokhelo kuyinto umbhalisi oyedwa. Kodwa elinye ilungu professional angaqondisa Ukufakwa ohlwini akuzona inani elilinganiselwe issuers. Abanikazi abanikazi Central Bank kufanele ahlinzeke ngolwazi olutholakala ngesikhathi ohlelweni lokubhalisa. Uma isibalo bamasheya idlula 500, sibhale umnikazi kufanele kube nenhlangano enkulu ezikhethekile. Imisebenzi esemqoka ye umhlanganyeli - yilungiselelo esifike kohlu nokugcina akhawunti siqu kubanikazi abanikazi.

ukusula izinhlangano

Laba abahlanganyela emakethe Russian zezimali ukuqoqa, ukuqinisekisa lwati lolufanele akhawunti Central Bank, ukuqhuba ukuthengiselana phakathi izinhlangano. Esikhathini jikelele kakhulu umqondo Clearinghouse - ejensi ezikhethekile ezifana ebhange, okuyinto lucwaningo imali zokuhlala phakathi Umhlangano. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi ezizenzakalelayo ukuthengiselana ukusula izinkampani yakha izimali ezabelwe. Kudaliwe njengoba inkampani. On umsebenzi kumele ukuthola ilayisensi ye-Central Bank. Income eyenziwe kulezi zinhlangano:

• Imali yokubhalisa kwemisebenzi;
• Imali etholakala kulezi yokuthengisa;
• imali uma siphatha netinsita letikhona;
• inzuzo etholakale ngokudayisa software yayo;
• nezinye engenayo.

Ezinye izifundo

Amalungu alandelayo SM isebenze imisebenzi asizayo.

1. Self-zokulawula izinhlangano - wabantu abahlangene ngokuzithandela iqhaza stock market ukuze bavikele izithakazelo izibambiso abanikazi.

2. Lawula - umhlanganyeli we ezimakethe zezimali, nesebenzela egameni yabo Central Bank, imali umnikazi (ngenkokhelo isikhathi esithile).

3. Ulwazi izikhungo - izikhungo ezinikeza amakhasimende namasevisi ukubhekisiswa kanye nokusabalalisa ulwazi emakethe ngezihloko izibambiso emakethe, zamanje exchange rate, indices for kwakhiwa survey kanye izitayela.

4. Abagqugquzeli ukuhweba - abahlanganyeli professional emakethe yezimali, elibhekene nomse- Central Bank. Zinikeza ukwaziswa okulandelayo kunoma iyiphi inkampani nesithakazelo:

• Imithetho yokwemukela ukuhweba;
• Imigomo Nemibandela;
• imithetho nezinqubo zokubhalisa, ukukhishwa ukuthengiselana;
• imikhawulo amanani;
• inqubo ngokwenza izinguquko kuhlu;
• uhlu Central Bank ungeniswe zokuhweba.

5. jobbers - consultants ezindabeni RZB izimo. Ububanzi isakhiwo emakethe njalo uyanda, le imisebenzi eminingi. I depositories kukhona inqwaba ezahlukene issuers CB. Jobbers hhayi kuphela ukuhlola ikhwalithi ukwabelana kakade ekhishiwe, kodwa futhi basize issuers ukubeka izitifiketi ezintsha. Zeluleka ku Kulindeleke yokuthengisa isilinganiso, ukucacisa amathemba ukuthuthukiswa imikhakha yezomnotho, ahlaziye inqubomgomo yentela.