Izifundo emlandweni: yini ukufunda ezingokomoya nokubhala?

Umlando wabantu - emcebweni wakhe oyinhloko kanye inkumbulo, okungase ungakhohlwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka. amaqiniso ukwazi ukuphila wawoyise, sivamile uqaphela ukuthi ulwazi oyimfihlakalo futhi nohlonze. Abantu abaningi bazama ukuthola ukuthi kunani Ukufundwa ngokomoya futhi ngokubhala, njengoba kungukuqonda bese wokufunda. Abanye abacwaningi ukunikeza umqondo sale ncazelo elandelayo: Ukufundwa ezingokomoya neKubhala - omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu medieval umlando isiRashiya, uhlobo itestamente, aqondiswa kuphela abantu abathile, kodwa futhi kuso sonke isizwe cha, futhi inzalo.

izikhulu Wills

Ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuqonda ukuthi yini has isikhulu amakhosi asendulo, kwanele nje ukubheka ekukwati kufundza nekubhala lakhe elingokomoya. Waphelelwa ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe umnikazi impahla, ngezimbangela nezindlela ukuthola yayo. Siyabonga ukurekhoda ulwazi i intando okungavamile, singakwazi umsuka okubakhona ukuhlangana noma kwasani umhlaba phezu kwesikhulu kanye nezinsiza. NgeNkathi Ephakathi okungukuthi Ukufundwa ezingokomoya nekubhala, sasingazi konke. Imibhalo Yesandla eside futhi ngokucophelela igcinwe, ngoba imibhalo ubukade ebucayi kakhulu. Kuze kube namuhla ifinyelele iqoqo ethanda izikhulu enkulu eMoscow.

Ukuphila umsebenzi Ivan Kalita

Omunye emangalisayo kakhulu futhi eziwusizo ubhekwa usomqulu ezingokomoya Ivana Kality. Ngempela Grand Duke, owazalelwa e-1283 futhi sekudlule ngendlela enzima ukuya ngaphambi kokuba indoda edumile futhi ehlonishwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, isikhulu ukwenze Imiphumela okukhulu. Wayehlonishwa ngekhono lakhe ukuthola ulimi ezivamile nabantu, kanye nokuqinisela kanye nokuzinikela. Ngenxa Ivan okukhulu, izigaba zezomnotho ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe of inyunyana ye ubukhulu eMoscow futhi Golden zidlamlilo kuvumelane weza. Kalita kwaba amambuka futhi ezinonya esiqinile nabantu bakhe, yimuphi ngxabano njalo ukuyiveza nabo kalula.

ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala Ezingokomoya Ivan Kalita

incwadi Ezingokomoya Kalita ihlanganiswe isikhathi eside, a nzima kakhulu isikhathi womlando Russia. Ekuqaleni intando iyinkomba yokuthi isimo impilo Prince. Waqinisekisa ukuthi wonke kanye naye ukuze ngokwengqondo okungalungile emzimbeni lapho futhi. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, Kalita uye zanqwabelana dolobha eyanele, ngubani washiyela namadodana akhe nomkakhe, Princess Yuliana. Ivan Idokodo efakwe ohlwini yonke imali yakhe njengefa kuyise, umkhulu, futhi lezo wazakhela bebodwa. By the way, babebaningi. Ngaleso sikhathi, Grand Duke wabo nje imizi eminingana, futhi phakathi kwabo iphathwa Ruza, Zvenigorod, Mozhaisk, Serpukhov, Kolomna. Ivan Kalita kwakungekaNkulunkulu eziningi emakhaya kanye nasemalokishini.

Ngakho, lo mbuzo kuyini ukufunda ezingokomoya nekubhala, kungenzeka ukunikeza impendulo elula - elesivumelwano samanje, esihlelwe ngomumo esikhathini wokubusa. Kalita lokuqala indiva imithetho esigabeni sika-ifa. Walinika konke amadodana akhe ngokulingana, ngaphandle kokunaka 'ukuqombola isitebhisi ", lapho ingxenye enkulu-ke ukuthola noma iyiphi indodana endala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Ivan Kalita weyengenandaba iyiphi kabanzi mayelana ubani kodwa umndeni wakhe. Zonke ifa lahlukaniswa laba esekuficile emkhayeni. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi isikhulu ayizange abelwe "share yomfelokazi 'yomkayo. Imali ngokufanelekile okuqondene naye, waze wanikela ngeNdodana yakhe endala futhi wamtshela ukuba anakekele unina nomfowabo omncane.

ITestamente Kalita namuhla

Ngeshwa, abambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi yini ukufunda ezingokomoya nokubhala, kodwa akukephuzi kakhulu ukufunda futhi uzizwe izenzakalo abantu eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule. Ngokwesibonelo, elesivumelwano Ivana Kality isiyatholakala wonke umuntu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo izinhlamvu obungokomoya balabo Grand Duke, ngalinye elikwazi ufanelwe ukuqashelwa.