Izakhiwo Physicochemical Igesi yemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa futhi ukusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo

Isimo gaseous kwendaba - okuvame kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye aggregate uxhumano nemingcele. Phela, lokhu isimo:

• izinkanyezi;
• isikhala interstellar;
• iplanethi;
• emkhathini;
• yonke iyonke.

The main izakhiwo esiwuphawu yamagesi - ibuthakathaka ekusebenzisaneni aphakathi e eheleni crystal, ngenxa okuyinto ziboniswa futhi zonke izici eziyinhloko yalezi izinto. Negesi Yiqiniso, kakhulu. Nokho, sicabanga ebaluleke kakhulu kanti eyesithathu ezivamile eplanethini yethu - engokwemvelo.

Igesi yemvelo: Ukwakheka

Uma njani ukwakheka qualitative we igesi yemvelo, kubalulekile ukuba ngokushesha ukwaba izingxenye amaqembu amabili: organic wezinto ezingaphili. Isizathu siwukuthi, nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi yakhiwa i-methane, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso.

izingxenye Organic zihlanganisa:

• methane - CH _4;
• propane - C ₃ H _8;
• i-butane - C ₄ H _10;
• ethane - C ₂ H _4;
• hydrocarbon ngoyisiwula kusinda nenombolo carbon mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ezinhlanu.

izingxenye Inorganic zihlanganisa zezakhi ezilandelayo:

• hydrogen (ngesilinganiso esincane) - H _2;
• carbon dioxide - CO _2;
• helium - hhayi;
• nitrogen - N _2;
• hydrogen sulfide - H ₂ S.

Yini kahle hle indlela yokwakheka ingxube ikakhulukazi incike umthombo, isb imali. Kungenxa yezizathu ezifanayo futhi ahlukahlukene physico-chemical izakhiwo igesi yemvelo. Nokho, noma yimuphi omunye wabo akhishwa futhi ukubaluleka libuye. Vele ezinye uhlobo isetshenziswa njengophawu fuel, kanye ukungcola angaphandle okukhulu kakhulu amafutha isetshenziswa embonini chemical ngenxa yokuqaphela compounds.

izakhiwo Physicochemical Igesi yemvelo

Ukuze ucacise lezi nemingcele ncamashi, kufanele wazi kahle ukuthi indlela yokwakheka negesi. Phela, uma owandile ngokuyinhloko i-methane (97%) therein kungenziwa izici qhutshwa, waqondisa phezu kwakhe.

Uma ingxenye wezinto ezingaphili noma hydrocarbon esindayo okwedlula (amaphesenti angu-eziningana), kuyilapho izindawo physico-amakhemikhali ushintsho igesi esithubeni nje.

Ngakho-ke, kuphela eseduze imingcele umngcele ku nezici zabo ezingokomzimba kungenziwa ebekiwe.

1. Okuzenzekelayo ukuthungela lokushisa - 650-700 ⁰ C.
2. Inombolo octane - 120-130.
3. It has no umbala, ukunambitheka kanye nephunga.
4. Ikhanya kakhulu emoyeni cishe 2-emhlanjini, kulula ukuba agxilise ekamelweni eliphezulu.
5. I kwabantu of a evamile isimo (gas) - 0,68-0,85 kg / m ^3.
6. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, njalo esimweni gaseous ka wokuhlanganisa.
7. Lapho exutshwe emoyeni ingcosana 5-15% ke kuyinto ingozi ukuqhuma.
8. Inani calorific - mayelana 46 MJ / m ^3.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe futhi amakhemikhali ohlangothini igesi nemingcele.

1. Kuyinto kakhulu ezivuthayo, uyakwazi self-Ignite uma sisebenzisa izinhlansi futhi ngaphandle kwalo ezingeni lokushisa ethile.
2. Njengoba ingxenye main - methane, ukuthi unakho konke yawo yamakhemikhali izakhiwo.
3. Ungena esikhundleni ukusabela, pyrolysis dehydrogenation asitholayo kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona.
4. Onomfutho futhi uketshezi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi nezingcindezi ephakeme.

Kusobala ukuthi abanjalo physico-chemical izakhiwo gas ukunquma anhlobonhlobo ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini.

I anezakhi ezikhethekile Igesi yemvelo

I izakhiwo olukhethekile lezi zakhi - yikhono yakha igesi hydrate imali, okungukuthi, e isimo okuqinile. Letakhi ukumela ichibi lamanzi molecule ugxile ivolumu Igesi yemvelo e isilinganiso 1/220. Ngakho-ke, lezi ezifakwa abacebile kakhulu zilwane. Izindawo ingqondo ngokwemvelo:

• Pallets izingqimba ezijulile olwandle;
• ukunqwabelana eyiqhwa.

Imibandela wempilo - ingcindezi hydrodynamic futhi lokushisa ongaphakeme.

Negesi-field

Uma sikhuluma okuqukethwe igesi yemvelo ngokwemvelo, kungenzeka ukuhlonza izindawo eziyinhloko emakamu:

1. Lokhu inzika entabeni, amaminerali, kwakhiwa okuyinto zeminyaka eminingi kwamazinyo anaerobic of udaba eziphilayo ezingqimbeni ezijulile koqweqwe.
2. Ziyoncibilika komhlaba.
3. Afakwe uwoyela, ukwakha uwoyela negesi cap phezu kwalo.
4. Kwenzeka ngesimo igesi hydrates ezingqimbeni phansi ekujuleni kolwandle, futhi amaphuzu kakhulu enyakatho.

Uma thina isho ukusatshalaliswa imali ngokwendawo igesi, abaholi kulamazwe alandelayo:

• Russia.
• Gulf amazwe.
• US.
• Canada.
• Iran.
• Kazakhstan.
• Azerbaijan.
• Uzbekistan.
• Norway.
• Turkmenistan.
• Netherlands.

Ukukhiqizwa emhlabeni kuyinto ngonyaka cishe 3,643 isigidintathu m ³ ngonyaka. Kulaba bafundi, Russia akhawunti e 673 460 000 000 m ^3.

Amazinga Igesi yemvelo lapho ashisiwe, kuyinto 650 ⁰ C. Okungukuthi, izinga lapho ikwazi ukuzilimaza Ignite. Lokhu idedela nobungako obungaphezulu ukushisa kuka ngesikhathi omlilo of yimuphi omunye nophethiloli. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kungase kube nomthelela ububanzi bokusebenzisa we ketshezi.

Yingakho emazweni amaningi ukuthi akudingeki igesi yemvelo izinqolobane, kufanele uyangenisa bakwamanye amazwe. Zokuthutha kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana:

• ngu iphayiphi ngefomu gaseous;
• emathangini umzila ulwandle - ewuketshezi;
• e ujantshi tank izimoto - LPG.

Ngamunye the izindlela kunezinzuzo zako kanye nebubi. Ikakhulukazi, zasolwandle kanye wesitimela ongakhetha ephephile, njengoba reactivity gas kuncibilike e amasilinda selehlile kuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunalokho esimweni gaseous. Iphayiphi kwandisa yokudlulisela uhla nemiqulu yawo, ngaphezu, le ndlela kuzuzisa kwezomnotho.

Methane lichaza ekwakheni igesi yemvelo

Igesi i-methane esiyinhloko impahla eluhlaza lichaza ekwakheni ingxube zemvelo. Okuqukethwe kwalo zokhahlamba kusuka 70-98%. Ngu uqobo, lena eyesithathu ezivamile iplanethi igesi ukuthi ungena Ukwakheka uwoyela, isikhala interstellar, isimo kwamanye amaplanethi.

Ngokombono i-chemistry, i-methane igesi - ayegcwele hydrocarbon, eziphathelene uchungechunge elihlale aliphatic compounds. Omele lokuqala alkanes noma paraffins. reactivity Its ongaphakeme, kuba impela ezolile. Ukwazi usabela:

• esikhundleni;
• namachibi kuphelele;
• ukuguqulwa.

Solid kungekho nto enemibala emihle intuthu iphuzu, ayinakho iphunga.

Izinhlobo igesi yemvelo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko we ketshezi embuzweni.

1. Dry igesi yemvelo - ingenye lapho abangaphezu kuka-97% i-methane. Okungukuthi, okuqukethwe ukungcola, kuhlanganise nezinye hydrocarbon, uphansi kakhulu.
2. Le gesi mafutha. Ngakho ngokuthi inhlanganisela oqukethe inani ezincane hydrocarbon esindayo.
3. Okugqamile igesi yemvelo - omunye ecebile ngokubhekisela hydrocarbon usinde izingxenye wezinto ezingaphili (nitrogen, hydrogen,-helium, argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide).

umqondo ezifana Coefficient igesi ukoma, ukuhlola ikhwalithi impahla eluhlaza kuyiphi ngemuva kwalokhu uzobe imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa. Phela, igesi yemvelo ngokwayo - it is kuphela base. Ukuze kwimisebenzi ehlukile kudingeka umkhiqizo wabo, ngakho ubizwa kahle kusetshenzwe futhi bahlanza ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko ezithile.

izinga kwemikhiqizo

Yemvelo izinga gas encike ngqo kwi kwengoma. Uma i-methane owandile ke lo mkhiqizo ngeke kube okungcono deku nophethiloli. Uma Nokho, kakhulu ukubunjwa okunamafutha hydrocarbon, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ngemboni chemical - efaneleka kakhulu.

Ukuze unikeze igesi asezingeni elifanele, kukhona ekhethekile izitshalo zamakhemikhali, lapho kahle bahlanza ngaphambi kokuthi kucutshungulwe futhi ithunyelwe kwa lapho sasilibangise khona. Izindlela wokusebenza kuzoncika inhloso umkhiqizo senzelwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma izosetshenziswa ngenhloso yasekhaya ke wanezela izinto ezikhethekile, odorants, ezifana mercaptans. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze babe isimdubula kuye kwaba, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi uma ukuvuza kuyoba lula ukuthola. Zonke mercaptans abe iphunga okunoshukela.

Ukusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo

Ukusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo ihamba kwenziwe izimboni eziningi izinto. Ngokwesibonelo:

• CHP.
• Boiler amakamelo.
• Negesi izinjini.
• ukukhiqizwa Chemical (womshini epulasitikini futhi ezinye izinto).
• Okokhelekayo izimoto.
• Ukushisisa kwezakhiwo.
• Ukupheka.

Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa izwe izinto zokusetshenziswa mkhulu kangaka, futhi ukungeniswa nokukhishelwa emazweni angaphandle kulinganiselwa ngaso zezigidi zamaRandi.

Isici kwemvelo

Kusukela umbono wokuba msulwa for uhlobo umthombo fuel engcono kakhulu igesi yemvelo. izinhlangano Environmental ayikhuthazi ngokugcwele ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva, amandla omlilo igesi kuholela ekuqongeleleni omunye imikhiqizo ukuphendula - carbon dioxide.

Futhi njengoba luhlobene amagesi abamba ukushisa, iplanethi bomhlambi wakhe, ayingozi kakhulu. Ngakho kwenziwa imisebenzi eminingi, amaphrojekthi ukuze kuvikeleke isimo kwemvelo iplanethi kusukela isondela Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini.