Iyini ukucindezelwa kwamanzi evamile?

Ukubhobhoza kuyindlela yokuxhumana ngesimo sezinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi nemiklamo eyenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi kubathengi. Ukunquma ukusebenza kwehlelo, umqondo "wokucindezela kwamanzi" emgodini wamanzi usetshenzisiwe. Kusukela kule nkomba, ukusebenza okulungile kwamalungiselelo okubhebheza amapulisi nokugcwaliseka okunethezeka kwezinyathelo zokuhlanzeka kuxhomeke ngokuqondile.

Umphumela wokucindezela okuphansi ohlelweni awukwanele ukucindezela, okubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kubaqashi ezindaweni eziphezulu zezindlu zokuhlala. Lesi simo senza kube nzima ukusebenza izitsha zokuwasha izitsha zokuwasha kanye nemishini yokuwasha, noma ngisho engenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ishayela lokusikhipha umzimba kanye nejacuzzi.

Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningana zokulwa nesici esinzima-esinzima. Uma imbangela yekhanda eliphansi lingekho emigqonyeni evamile yamapayipi, ukucindezelwa kwamanzi epayipi yamanzi kungalungiswa ngokufaka imishini ehlinzekela kahle kakhulu ikhanda lomsebenzi wokuphila.

Iyiphi ingcindezi yamanzi emgodini wamanzi ithathwa njengokujwayelekile?

Ukuze ulinganise ikhanda lensiza emgqeni, sebenzisa amayunithi ahluke kancane kumanani awo. Naphezu kokungqubuzana okuncane, izinkomba zilingana ngamunye.

Ibha elingu-1 lilingana ne-0.0197 emkhathini kanye ne-10.19 m yamakholomu amanzi.

Imishini yokuhlanza ehlinzeka ngamanzi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-30, iqala ekucindezelweni kwe-outlet ye-3 bars (3 atmospheres). Uma ibha elingu-1 liyadingeka ekupompozeni ngamanzi ngepompo elincane elivela emthonjeni noma kahle ngamamitha ayishumi, ama-bar amabili asele aqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi lukhuphuka emanzini amanzi.

Ukucindezela emipayipi yamadolobha namasese

Ukuze kulungiswe ukucindezelwa kwamanzi emanzini amanzi, omunye akufanele acabangele ukulethwa ketshezi emthonjeni. Amanzi anikezwa kunethiwekhi ephakathi. Kodwa-ke, abanikazi bamazwe amancane amahhashi anemithombo yamanzi okumele bakwazi ukucabangela izinga lomthombo, ngokucacile ukujula lapho imishini yokupaka izofakwa khona emgodini we-shaft. Uma amanzi edlula ngepayipi, inqoba ukunqanda okunye, okumele futhi kuthathwe ngokucatshangelwa uma kubalwa ikhanda elidingekayo.

Ngokusho kwezindinganiso kanye ne-GOST, ukucindezelwa kwezinhlelo zasemadolobheni kufanele kube yi-4 atmospheres. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisi benethiwekhi yokunikezela amanzi baxhunywe eziteshini eziyinhloko, ulwazi olunembile ngalokho okushiwo ingcindezi yamanzi emanzini, ngeke banikeze. Leli nani lingashintsha emkhakheni wezinkanyezi ezingu-2.5-7.5.

Yini okufanele ucabangele lapho ukhetha imishini yokugezela

Ukwandisa ukucindezela kwamanzi emgodini wamanzi ezingaphezu kwezingu-7 zomoya kuphazamisa amadivaysi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile, izinto ezixhuma emgqeni namagagasi e-ceramic. Izakhamuzi zasezindaweni zasemadolobheni zeluleka ukuba zithenge imishini yamanzi ngebhola lokuphepha eliphakeme. Lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni umsebenzi wokulungisa, ovutha ukucindezela okubukhali esikhathini esizayo.

Zonke izibhamu ezifakiwe, amaphampu, amaphampu kumele amelane nokucindezela kwamanzi emgodini wamanzi ku-6-7 atmospheres. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesheke sonyaka sonyaka, ingcindezi ingafinyelela ema-atmospheres angu-10.

Inani eliphakeme lokucindezela ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwemishini yasendlini

Ukucindezela okungenani kwamanzi emgwaqeni we-2 atmospheres kwanele imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukushisa;
• Ukugeza;
• Ukugeza izesekeli zekhishi;
• Okunye ukuhlanzeka kuyadingeka;
• Ukusebenza okuvamile komshini wokuwasha.

Ukucindezela emkhathini 4 kukuvumela ukwandisa uhla lwemisebenzi, okubandakanya ukwamukelwa kweshayela lokusikhipha isisindo kanye ne-Jacuzzi, ukuphuza i-infield ngemvelo.

Emakhaya angaphandle kwedolobha, ikhanda kufanele lanele ngokwanele ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngamaphuzu amaningana okungena kwamanzi. Ukuze kungabi ngaphezu kwempilo yamalungu omndeni, ukutholakala kwamanzi kufanele kube okulinganayo kuzo zonke izikhungo zangasese futhi okungenani kube yi-1.5 atmospheres.

Uhlelo lokunikezela kwamanzi omlilo

Ukucindezela kwamanzi emanzini omlilo kungaba phezulu nokuphansi. Iphayiphi yamanzi ephezulu ephoqelelwe emlilweni yenzelwe ukucima izakhiwo ezinkulu ezimbonini, ezentengiselwano nezomphakathi. Ukwakha ipayipi yamanzi ngokucindezelwa kwama-2.5 l / s esiqhingini sezwe asinangqondo. Abanikazi bama-cottage kufanele bacabange ukuthi inani eliphansi lokucindezela kwamanzi emgodini wamanzi kufanele kube okungenani 1.5 l / sec.

Indlela yokulinganisa ukucindezela emgqeni wamanzi

Ukulinganisa ukucindezela kwamanzi emgqeni wamanzi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-manometer. Ngaphambi kokufaka imishini, kubalulekile ukuvimbela amanzi abandayo noma ashisayo, kuye ngamandla okucindezela kwamanzi okumele kulinganiswe. Indawo esetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa ithuluzi kufanele ibe lula futhi ifinyeleleke kalula. Okulandelayo, udinga ithini yensimbi engu-5 cm ubude. Ngosizo lwe-die, kubalulekile ukwenza intambo yangaphandle epayipi ukuze ifinyelele eduze nesilinganiso ngendlela efanele. Ukuze unqume umgodi epipini ngophahla olufanele futhi unamathisele ucezu olulungisiwe lwepayipi kuwo, ungasebenzisa umshini wokushisa.

I-manometer ifakwe kwipayipi yensimbi ngekhanda. Ukuze uxazulule inkinga yokuvuza, kukhona izinto zokubeka uphawu ezikhethekile ezihlanganisweni. Ngemuva kokuthi ukufakwa kuqedile, ungaqala ukuhlola ingcindezi emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukubuyisela amanzi nokurekhoda izinkomba kumanometer.

Indlela yokunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwamanzi emgodini wamanzi

Ukuze uzinze futhi unciphise ukucindezelwa kwamanzi, kusetshenziswe i-reducer ekhethekile. Ivikela emanzini amanzi hhayi nje kuphela ukutholakala kwamanzi ngokwawo, kodwa futhi izindlu zasendlini ezixhunywe kuyo. Idivaysi encane isendaweni yokuvalwa kwensimbi evaliwe. Umlawuli wokucindezela unamapayipi amabili egatsha ngendwangu esesigodini nasendlini. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kukhishwe umbhobho wesithathu ukuphakamisa i-gauge ye-pressure kanye nesikulula esenzelwe ukulungisa ikhanda lamanzi.

I-reducer isebenza ngesimiso sokulinganisa amandla we-diaphragm kanye nomthombo wokushisa. Uma ibhethini evula ipayipi yamanzi, ukucindezelwa kwamapayipi kudivayisi kuyancipha, ngakho-ke ukucindezela ku-diaphragm kunciphisa. Amandla entwasahlobo akhula kuleli cala. Ivula imbobo kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi emanzini ekudleni ifinyelela inani elithile. Ukucindezela okukhulu noma ukuqhuma kwayo akuthinti ukuvula nokuvala i-valve.

Izindlela zokwandisa ukucindezelwa kwamanzi emanzini

Ngokuvamile, inkinga yokucindezela kwamanzi enciphise ohlelweni ihlangene:

• Abanikazi bezindlu zokuhlala ezindlini eziningi ezihlala phansi;
• Abanikazi bezindawo zasemadolobheni ehlobo, lapho ukuphuma kwamanzi kukhula kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufaka imishini ehlinzeka ukwanda kwamanzi emgodini wamanzi, izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni kumele zithole imbangela yenkinga. Ukucindezelwa okubuthakathaka kungabangelwa ukuvalwa kwephayiphi ngezinto ezincane noma ama-deposit calcitous. Ngenxa yalokho, ububanzi bamapayipi buyancipha, futhi amanzi angena ngevolumu encane. Ukuphela kokuqedwa kwazo zonke amapayipi kuzoxazulula le nkinga.

Uma imbangela yokucindezela okuphansi ikhona kwenye, ukuqiniswa kwamanzi ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukufaka ipompo yokujikeleza eyenza ingcindezi ngokuncela amanzi amaningi emipayipi;
• Ukufakwa kwesiteshini sokumisa nge-hydro accumulator;
• Inethiwekhi yokunikezela kwamanzi enegunya.

Ukukhetha kwesinqumo esifanele kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ukwenziwa kwamanzi kuqhutshwa njalo, kodwa ikhanda alinelisekile impilo ejwayelekile kanye nomsebenzi wezinto ezisendlini - ipompo yokuhambisa izosiza ukwandisa ukucindezelwa;
• Amanzi ayifinyelele engxenyeni engenhla yendlu - isiteshi sokuphampa kufanelekile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpompo ezijikelezayo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusebenza zamaphampu:

• Incwadi - imishini isebenza ngendlela eqhubekayo. Noma kunjalo, ukuze ugweme ukushisa noma ukwehluleka, ipompo kumele ishintshwe ngesikhathi.
• Ngokuzenzakalelayo - ifakwe inzwa yokugeleza. Lapho amanzi evaliwe, i-pump ivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, okwenza kube ukonga nakakhulu futhi kuhlale njalo.

Ngokusebenza, amaphampu ahlukaniswe ngezigaba:

• Ukufakwa komhlaba jikelele kunokwenzeka ngamanzi ashisayo namanzi abandayo;
• Kuphela ngamanzi abandayo noma ashisayo.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinto zokupompa yizindleko eziphansi kanye nosayizi ohlangene. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amaphampu ukwandisa ikhanda ngo-30%. Ukufakwa kwabo kuqinisekisa ukuthi uma ingcindezi yamanzi emgodini wamanzi, ogama lakhe lingekho ngaphansi kwe-1.5 atmospheres, lilingana nawo wonke amaphuzu okufaka amanzi.

Iziteshi zokupompa ezizimele

Ukucindezela kwamanzi emgodini wamanzi kungakhula ngokufaka isiteshi sokumemeza. Njengomthetho, iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ipompi ye-Centrifugal yokwandisa ukucindezelwa kwamanzi;
• I-Accumulator yamamitha ayi-cubic 1-3;
• Umshini wokucindezela - ulawula uhlelo lonke.

Ngokuhlinzeka ngamanzi evamile, uhlelo lokusebenza ngeke lusebenze. Uma kukhona ukucindezelwa kwamanzi emgodini wamanzi, imigomo yawo ehluke kakhulu kulawo asetshenzisiwe, ipompo izovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokuvamile i-accumulator izogcwala ebusuku, ekhanda eliphakeme ohlelweni. Ikhudlwana ikhono lokuqoqa uketshezi, kancane kancane idivayisi izovula futhi isikhathi eside sisevisi yayo. Lolu hlelo lugcina izinga lokucindezela le-3-4 ema-atmospheres.

Ngaphambi kokufaka isiteshi sepompo, khumbula ukuthi le mishini idinga isikhala esikhulu sokufakwa. I-tank ingaphansi kokuhlanza okujwayelekile (okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-2). Hlanganisa i-accumulator ingaba phezu kophahla, engaphansi noma emhlabathini.

Izici zamaphayiphi wamanzi asezingeni eliphansi

Ukucaciswa kwamapayipi amanzi okuzimela kuyisidingo sokuphakamisa amanzi emithonjeni noma emithonjeni ye-shaft, kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhanda elihle kuwo wonke amaphuzu okufaka amanzi endlini kanye namaphuzu akude engasemuva. Ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yokunikezela kwamanzi ngokusezingeni eliphansi kuncike ekucindezelweni kwamanzi kuphela, kodwa nakulokugeleza kwalo.

Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokudonsa kufanele kuhlangabezane nokulingana okuhleliwe kokugeleza kwamanzi nokulinganiselwa komkhiqizo wemayini. Ukuze kubalwe kungcono ukuthatha izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngesikhathi sasehlobo, lapho befinyelela inani eliphakeme.