Alder: incazelo, isicelo kwezokwelapha

Alder likhona kuzalwa entwasahlobo. It uqala eziqhakaza, lapho kusekhona iqhwa. Amapheshana avele kamuva. Umuthi kungokwalabo umndeni birch.

Alder: incazelo

Kuye izimo zokuphila, kungase ngifane lezihlahla isihlahla-25 amamitha noma izihlahlana enkulu nge isiqu kufika ku-50 cm. Alder kungokwalabo zilwane elikhula ukuthi kubonakala ngokukhethekile endleleni yokuqala engu-15 zokuphila. Kamuva, le nqubo kubambezela. Frost ukumelana semi umthunzi, kodwa okwanele ukukhanya-edinga.

Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala - iminyaka 40-60, kodwa izitshalo zaziwa futhi usufinyelele iminyaka engu-100 ubudala.

Alder grey (noma elimhlophe, njengoba ibizwa) inohlelo impande angajulile. Nakakhulu kuba cm 20 kuphela. On the izimpande ukuhlangabezana qhuzwana pnovaya neziqu nokukhula.

Alder has a isiqu esincane nge bushelelezi ukukhanya grey amagxolo. I abasha Kuphendula okokuqala ephethe tinge ogqamile, kamuva nazo zaba ensundu. Ikakhulukazi iso non-ingcina abambe fuzz eyethile okuyinto ubalekela ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile.

Amaqabunga okweqanda, ezibanzi kancane wakhomba phezulu. Khulisa abafika kwabangu-10 cm, ngohlangothi phezulu yaba luhlaza okotshani, phansi - ulula. Amahlamvu on igatsha lahlela imigqa ezintathu.

It is 30 zinhlobo zalesi sitshalo eyaziwa, kodwa eRussia emibili ezivamile kuphela: Alder, abamnyama Alder. Eyesibili ubizwa nangokuthi okunamathelayo.

Izimbali nokukhiqizwa

Catkins oluzovela kuqala ngo-March noma ngo-April. Iduna nensikazi ngokubukeka sihluke nomunye. Ngo efihlekile yokuqala made futhi ngokuvamile eqoqwe 3-5 izingcezu ndawonye. Namacici "owesifazane" okusaqanda, imilenze esifushane, ubude 1.5 cm. Basuke eqoqwe 8-9 izicucu. Impova senzeka ngosizo umoya.

Ukuwa inflorescences besifazane beba nzima futhi ibukeke uhlevane ezincane.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo unyaka ngamunye kanye imbewu okukhulile iphila iminyaka engu-2. Babukeka njengezihlahla amantongomane ubude 1.5 cm enamaphiko membranous.

Alder okusakazwa imbewu, impande amaswidi kanye cuttings. Kungaba ngokushesha akha sehlozi zasendle.

ukusabalala

I umuthi likhula eRussia, ikakhulu ingxenye esenyakatho-ke Kuvamile futhi eSiberia, kuze eKamchatka. It is etholakala eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia Minor, eCaucasus, iSerbia Italy, eFrance, kanye ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu.

Alder uncamela sikhule ezonini ihlathi, kodwa liyatholakala ehlathini-asemaqeleni nezimfunda. ENyakatho Melika, ubeka kwesihlahla uyingozi uhlaza bomdabu.

Ngenxa imbewu enhle ukuhluma yakha ngokushesha amahlozi. Ngokungafani black Alder, uvuma kalula ukuba namaxhaphozi. Ngenxa yalesi impahla, lesi sitshalo ivame yokuqinisa amabhange yemifula, nemithambeka, imihosha, kanye ukudalwa olusha lwe-agroforestry namathafa.

Sikhula enhlabathini emanzi calcareous, okuyinto kuthuthukisa ngokwayo ne-nitrogen eningi. Isomiso kuletha okubi. Ukuba khona kwawo ethafeni kubonisa khona amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Alder: izakhiwo ewusizo futhi izicelo

Umuthi has a izinkuni esithambile kodwa obukhulu ephethe tinge ngokubomvu. Alder grey ukusetshenziswa enkulu ekwakhekeni turning kanye joinery. Kuyinto ukumelana ukubola. Ezidumile umkhakha ifenisha, futhi kusukela ke wenze umdlalo ephepheni.

Ephambi kwezinduna njalo umswakama litholwa amandla sithuthukiswe, ngakho kwakhiwa izakhiwo kwamanzi, imiphongolo, ungene izindlu imithombo obandayo kwezinsika. Chips kuyinto iphakethe kuhle izithelo.

Izinkuni kusukela grey Alder ethandwa kakhulu ujabulele, bona ashise kahle, kodwa unganqikazi ukushisa. Ngaphambili they zazisetshenziselwa unganqotshwa umlotha esithandweni somlilo.

Amagxolo esihlahleni kuba udayi ezinhle, kungasiza ukunikeza shades obomvu, omnyama ophuzi izindwangu, isikhumba noboya.

Abalimi usebenzisa amahlumela ngesikele sokuthena of Alder uhlushwa izinambuzane ezifana amagundane kanye izinyendle imvukuzane. Vele uyibeke emibhedeni nasemaceleni izihlahla zezithelo.

Alder kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi abafuyi bezinyosi, kwakhiwa impova on the amahlumela namaqabunga abasha ngaphambi zom.

Ngempumelelo njengoba uthango zokuhlobisa, kodwa kulokhu-ke kudinga yokugunda njalo.

Kusetshenziswa imithi

Ngenhloso zokwelapha, besebenzisa amagxolo, amaqabunga Izigaxa. Izidakamizwa, okuhlanganisa Alder, babe hemostatic, elwa namagciwane, eqeda ukuvuvukala, iyathambisa. Ziyakwazi ethandwa ekwelapheni izifo pheshana emathunjini. Futhi, lezi izingcezu Alder elisetshenziswa imikhuhlane kanye rheumatism, ayingxenye izidakamizwa futhi Site ukulungiswa infusions.

amahlamvu Fresh babe izinkuni ezinhle umphumela diaphoretic, ziqukethe phenol carboxylic acid, provitamin A, ascorbic acid, vitamin C

I alkaloids Ukwakheka Izigaxa Alder zihlanganisa, alcohols aliphatic, uwoyela okunamafutha, ama, triterpenoids, tannins. Laba ababili bokugcina ku uqweqwe sitshalo.