Indlela yokwakha indlu yemigodi yegesi ngezandla zakho?

Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu uphupha ngokuba nomuzi. Kodwa ngenxa yezimo ezihlukahlukene, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuthenga isikhala sokuphila esizimele. Uma ungakwazi ukuthenga indlu, khona-ke ungayakha. Ngezobuchwepheshe ezintsha zokwakha, manje kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwe indlu yegesi-emabhuloki ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngezandla zethu. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zihlala njalo futhi zizohlala iminyaka eminingi. Kulesi simo, isakhiwo ngeke silahlekelwe izici zayo zokusebenza.

Inqubo yokwakhiwa kwamabhuloki akhontiwe aerated akulula neze noma elula. Kodwa-ke, uma siqhathanisa nezitini noma ibha eliyindilinga, inani lomzamo ozodingeka lingaphansi kakhulu. Ungayenza kanjani indlu yegesi ezivimbela ngezandla zakho? Imfundo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo izocatshangelwa esihlokweni sethu.

Izimpawu zendaba

Amabhuloki akhonkolo asetshenziswe yizinto zokwakha ezisha kanye nezobuchwepheshe. Yenzelwe ukwakha izindonga ezakhiweni ezisezingeni eliphansi. Amabhuloki ayenziwe ngesihlabathi se-quartz, kanye nesimende ngokufakwa kwe-lime namanzi. Ngaphansi kokucindezelwa futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphezulu, ama-bubbles akha kule nhlanganisela. Ngemva kokuba isisindo sithuthukile, kutholakala i-block ene-porous structure. Le teknoloji yokukhiqiza yenza sikwazi ukukhiqiza ibhulogi enkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyoba lula futhi ihlala njalo.

Izinzuzo Zempahla

Phakathi kwezinzuzo kukhona ukushisa okuhle nokuzilalisa umsindo, ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, amandla, nokuqina. Ibhokisi likhanya kakhulu - lokhu kuyinzuzo ebalulekile, ngoba ngeke kube nemithwalo esindayo esisekelweni. Ubukhulu besici esisodwa bukhulu kakhulu kunesitini esivamile. Lokhu kuyashesha kakhulu isikhathi esichitha ekwakhiweni. Ngokubaluleka, indlu eyenziwe ngezigesi zegesi, ezenziwe ngezandla zayo, izoba eshibhile kunokuba ngabe isakhiwo sakhiwe ngezinto zokwakha zendabuko. Lokhu kubangelwa amanani aphansi kakhulu amabhuloki akhonkolo asetshenzisiwe ngenxa yokuthandwa kakhulu kwale ndawo yokwakha. Okunye phakathi kwezinzuzo kungabonakala ukuphepha okukhulu komlilo. Ukwakhiwa kwekhonkri ekhishwe yinkinga kungenzeka ukuthi ingabanjwa futhi igwetshiwe. Uma i-block inesimo esilungile nesimnandi, futhi ihlelwe kahle futhi ihlelwe kahle, udonga alukwazi ngisho nokunciphisa. Lokhu kuzokwenza isakhiwo sibe nethuba "lokuphefumula". Ikhonkri ephazamisayo ngenxa yamaphara ibonakala ngamanani aphezulu okuphambene nomoya.

Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili

Ngaphambi kokwakha indlu kusuka emgodini wegesi, udinga ukuthola indawo efanelekile. Khona-ke udinga ukulungisa wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo. Lena imibhalo yokuklama nokulinganisa, okumelwe isivele isiqinisekisiwe kuhulumeni wasekhaya. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhleleka nokuqhuba umsebenzi we-geodetic, faka izicingo, unqume iphuzu lendawo ye-zero bese uletha konke ukuxhumana.

Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amadokhumenti alungiselelwe futhi atholakale, ungaqala umsebenzi ekuhlelweni kwesayithi. Uma i-enclosure isivele ifakiwe, ukukhanyisa kufanele kufakwe, futhi ukufakwa kwe-scaffolding kufanele kufakwe.

Ukutholwa, ukuhamba, ukugcinwa kwemigomo yegesi

Akunzima ukuthenga le nto yokwakha. Kwanele nje ukuthola umenzi ofanelekayo futhi ubeke umyalelo kanye nokulethwa kwayo ngqo kwisayithi. Kodwa lapha kukhona ama-nuances. Akuzona zonke izinkampani ezithintekayo ekulethwa kwezidingo zokwakha zilungele ukuhamba ezindaweni ezikude nemigwaqo emibi. Kulokhu, uzodinga ukuthola ukuthutha ngokwakho. Kulabo abaye bakhetha ukuqala ukwakha indlu kusuka emgodini wegesi (izibonelo zesithombe - esihlokweni sethu), lokhu akufanele kube yinto enkulu.

Ngokuvamile, ukhonkolo ophazamisayo unikezwa ngamallets. Amabhulogi aphephile ngokugcwele ifilimu ye-polyethylene. Lapho ugcina lezi zakhiwo zokwakha, umswakama owedlulele ungagcina ngaphakathi, futhi ukulimala kwesakhiwo kungenzeka. Esikhathini sokwakhiwa, izinto zokwakha ezingcono kakhulu ngaphansi komkhumbi. Ukukhipha kuyisifiso kuphela kuphela okuzosetshenziswa emsebenzini. I-pallets ingafakwa ngendlela yokugcina izinto. Kodwa ungavumeli lokhu kufakwa kungaphezu kwemigqa emibili.

Inombolo yezinto zokwakha

Ngakho-ke, lapho wonke amadokhumenti ephrojekthi ekhona, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi zingaki amabhulogi kagesi adingekayo endlini ngayinye. Ungathengi kakhulu. Kunezinkinga ezithile ezihlobene nesitoreji. Udinga ukubala amamitha angamakhomikhali wezinto ozidingayo. Isibonelo, thatha u-10 m ubude u-8 m. Udinga ukubala umjikelezo. Lena 10 + 10 + 8 + 8 = 36 m. Ukuphakama kodonga kungamamitha ayi-3. Ngakho, 3 * 36 = 108 m ² . Lena yindawo yazo zonke izindonga.

Amabhulogi anikezwa ngamamitha ayi cubic. Ukuze ubale ukuthi kungakanani izinto zokwakha ezidingekayo ukwakha indlu kusuka emabhuloki wegesi, udinga ukwanda ngo-0.3. Lokhu kuyoba ukuqina kwesibalo esisodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, kudingeke ukuthi kutholakale izinto zokwakha ezingu-32.4 m ³ . Le mali yokwakhiwa kwezindonga zangaphandle kuphela. Izindonga zangaphakathi zibalwa ngendlela efanayo.

Isisekelo nendawo ephansi

Okulandelayo, udinga ukugcwalisa isisekelo wena ngokwakho. Izindlu ezisuka ku-gas block ayinzima, kodwa ubuso kumele bumelane nomthwalo phansi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ugcwalise isikhwama sekhonkrithi noma usebenzise isisekelo sesisekelo njengesizinda, esithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane ezingu-1-2-storey.
Kuyini? Izisekelo ze-Tape monolithic - ingxube esekelwe ekukhoneni ngezici zamandla okwandisiwe. Ukwengeza, isakhiwo singasungulwa ngezikhonkwane ezinzima ezenziwe ngensimbi ngobubanzi obuyi-15 mm. Bahlanganiswe emigqeni emibili. Uma isayithi yokwakhiwa isendaweni, lapho izinga lamanzi lamanzi liphakanyisiwe, noma emhlabathini, isisombululo esihle kunazo zonke kulezi zisekelo yisisekelo sokuxhuma kwe-monolithic.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi ojulile ohlelweni lwesisekelo, kufanele uhlanze ngokucophelela futhi ukwandise ukulungiswa kwendawo. Ngendlu encane ye-1-2-storey kuyoba nesisekelo esanele 2 m ejulile. Umsele kufanele ube phakathi nendawo yonke yesakhiwo sonke esizayo. Kubalulekile ukubala inani elidingekayo lokhonkolo. Uma konke sekulungele, sigcwalisa indaba futhi emva kokuqeda ngokuphelele sakha indlu kusuka ebhodini legesi.

Yini ongayenza yokulungisa amabhlogo

Kunezinketho ezimbili zokulungiswa kwemikhiqizo ekhonkolo ekhishiwe. Leli glue elikhethekile noma i-samente. Zombili izinketho zinezinzuzo ezithile kanye nocansi.

Ngokusebenzisa iglue, ungathola amajoyina afanele. Ubuciko buzoshiya bushelelezi kakhulu. Kodwa lapho kusetshenziselwa ukuxhaphazwa, i-glue izongena emkhathini, futhi ngezindleko kuyoba kubi kakhulu kunesixazululo. Ngokuqondene nesimali se-samente, umsebenzi osebenzayo uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba kuzodingeka ulandele izindlu zamadonga. Kodwa uma isisombululo, ukulungisa amaphutha kuyoba lula kunokuba ne-glue. Kanti futhi, uma sakha indlu kusuka esitsheni segesi ngezandla zethu esixazululweni, khona-ke akukho mithetho eqinile yokuxuba. Ngokuvamile, ingxube yenziwa isilinganiso sesithathu kuya kwezingu-1 (izingxenye zeshlabathi nesamente, ngokulandelana). Bese kuthiwa amanzi, futhi konke lokhu kuxubene.

Izici zokwakhiwa kwezindonga

Amabhuloki akhonkolo asezingeni elibalulekile anesici esisodwa esibalulekile - alula. Ngakho-ke, ikhambi noma i-glue ngeke icaciswe ngaphansi kwesisindo sezinto ezibonakalayo futhi, ngokufanele, ngeke iphume ukuphuma. Lokhu kuyashesha kakhulu ukufaka izindonga. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ithuluzi elikhethekile liyadingeka ukusebenza nalesi sakhiwo sokwakha.

Ukuze kulungiswe udonga oluthile, kutuswa ukuba usebenzise amabhlogo, ubukhulu bawo obuvela ku-375 kuya ku-400 mm. Uma udonga lwahlukanisa lubekiwe, ububanzi bomkhiqizo bungaba ngaphezu kuka-250 mm.

Sibeka umugqa wokuqala

Ngakho-ke, uma sakha indlu esivela emgodini wegesi ngezandla zethu, kubalulekile ukuthi sibheke inqubo yokwakha umugqa wokuqala ngokuziphendulela. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kudingekile ukuqhuba ukungena kwamanzi. Umugqa wokuqala wezochwepheshe uncoma ukubeka kuphela esitsheni se-samente. Ukubeka kuqala kuvela engxenyeni ephakeme yendlu ezayo. Emaphethelweni e-block kune-groove kanye nekhefu, ngakho akudingeki ukuxhuma izakhi ngeglue. Emgqeni wokuqala donsela intambo ukuze ulawule ukushisa kombukiso. Uma kunesidingo, khona-ke amabhulokhi ahlanganiswa ne-rubber njll. Uma kusetshenziselwa ukubeka igebe, ubude obungaphansi kwesibalo esisodwa, khona-ke isakhi esikhethekile esengeziwe senziwa. Ukuze usebenzise i-nail, sebenzisa i-hacksaw, i-saw kagesi nes square. Ubuso bokuphela kwalolu bhulokhi olwengeziwe kufanele lubekwe ngaphambili ngesisombululo noma iglue. I-glue, edingekile yokubeka izikhonkwane zokukhonkolo, ikhethwe ngamasekhondi amancane. Ukuvumelana kwayo kufanele kufane ne-ukhilimu omuncu. Faka isicelo ngethuluzi elikhethekile. Ngemuva kwezinga - phezu kwezinto zokwakha nge-spatula. Umugqa wokuqala uhlelwe, futhi siqhubeka sakha indlu kusuka emigodini yegesi ngezandla zethu. Khona-ke le myalelo isincoma ukusula zonke izikhala ezingakhiwe nge-grater ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola nothuli kususwe ebusweni babo bonke amabhlogo. Le nqubo iphindaphindiwe ngemuva kochungechunge ngalunye olulandelanayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi umugqa ngamunye omusha uhlanganiswe ngokuhamba kancane kwe-8-10 cm. Izinsalela zesisombululo kufanele zisuswe yi-trowel. Umugqa wesibili kufanele ulayishwe cishe amahora amabili kuya kokubili emva kokuqala. Ukuze uvikele udonga kusuka kumswakama, izindawo eziqediwe zihlanganiswe nefilimu ye-polyethylene.

Amabhuloho aqinisekisiwe ekhonkrithi asebenzayo afanele asetshenziswe kuphela uma edala iminyango namafasitela. Bafakwe besebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile yokhuni. Ingxenye ebanzi ye block efana no-U-OU iyatholakala ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Emgodini we-block, ifreyimu ifakwe kusuka ekuqinisweni. Khona-ke lesi sigxobo sigcwele ukhonkolo okhonjiwe kahle. Uma izindonga zangaphakathi zizokwakhiwa, i-hydro kanye nokukhipha umsindo kuyimpoqo. Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi wonke umugqa wesibili wodonga lwangaphakathi kufanele uxhumeke kumahange anikezela odongeni noma okuyisisekelo sokusebenzisa umdwebo we-perforated.

Noma yiliphi indlu yokuhlala yokuhlala eyenziwe ngamagesi kagesi (okwenziwe nguwe noma ngosizo lwabakhi bezisebenzi, akunandaba) uzothola imithwalo ehlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kungumhlabathi wehlabathi, imimoya, izinguquko zokushisa. Ukuze ugweme ukubola, ubuciko kufanele buqiniswe. Cabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani.

Ukuqiniswa: indlela yokwenza ngayo. Ukuguqulwa kwemibono

Izigubhu ziyakunqunywa, ngakho-ke amaphupho avelayo ahlanzwa uthuli, bese kuqiniswa ukufakwa kulezi zindawo. Ngemuva kokuthi konke kuthululwa ngesixazululo. Ukuze ugweme ukuphahlazeka, yenza amalunga wokunweba. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni lapho igebe lishintsha noma ukuphakama kwezindonga. Lezi zingxenye zenziwa phakathi kwezindonga, izinga lokushisa elingase lihluke. Futhi, i-deformation seam iyadingeka lapho imigodi yegesi izoxhunyaniswa kwezinye izinto ezingxenyeni ezingenakuqedwa. Izihlalo kufanele zivalwe ngefilimu ye-polyethylene, uboya obunamaminerali. Kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi kulandela ukuphathwa nge-sealants ekhethekile.

Ukuqhaqhazela nokufakwa okuthambekeleyo

Njengesekelo lwe-slabs phansi, ibhande eliqinisiwe lisetshenziswa. Amalunga, atholakalayo phakathi kwamapuleti, kumele agcwaliswe ngodaka. Amaphethelo angaphandle ahlanganiswe amabhande azinyosi.

Njengama-slabs afanelekayo ekhontekenteka afanelekile anezinhlobo eziningi ze-voids kuzo. Kodwa kunezifanekiselo ezivela konkrekheni ephazamisayo. Lezi zinsuku zinekhono eliphezulu lokuthwala imithwalo, ukumelana nomlilo kanye nokuziphatha okuphansi kwe-thermal. Lezi zingqimba ziyamukeleka kuphela uma zingaphansi kwezingu-6m phakathi kwezindonga zokubeka. Le plateti kumele isekelwe ibhande lokukhonjiswa eliqinisekisiwe. Uma indlu eyenziwe ngekrektha e-aerated yakhiwe ngezandla zakho, khona-ke ungakwazi ukugwema amabhuloho abandayo. Ama-Windows, uphahla kanye nesisekelo basuke benqwabelana ngokusho kobuchwepheshe obuvamile. Ngokuqondene nezindawo ezithambekeleyo nokuvuleka okunamajamo okuyinkimbinkimbi, kungenziwa kalula nge-saw. Lokhu kuchazwa kalula ukuthi izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi ephazamisayo zilula kakhulu ukubona nokushayela. Zonke izimbobo zokugaya ziboshwe nge-drill kanye nokusika okukhethekile. Shtruborez kalula ukubhekana nokudala imigodi for wiring.

Indlu

Uphahleni lwendlu kusuka emigodini yegesi kungaba yinto - kungenzeka ukuba wenze eyodwa-, i-two-pitched, mansard, hip kanye nabanye. Uhlobo lokugcina luyisinqumo esihle kunazo zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yenziwe kanjani, uphahla kufanele lugcwaliswe ngama-hydro-, ukushisa- nokushisa-izinto zokugcoba. Kwezinye izimo, uma ufaka i-attic yokuhlala, izinto ezengeziwe zokwehlisa umsindo zinyuka. Kusenhla kwezingodo ukulungisa ukungena kwamanzi. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngemilayezo ende. Lezi zinsuku zizokwenza umsebenzi wokuvimbela. Ngaphansi kwe-gibroizoljatsiej phakathi kwe-rejkami ufake i-heater. Khona-ke ungqimba lwesibindi sokushisa sivaliwe ngefrimu yefilimu. UDale ubeka uphahla lokuqeda.

Umsebenzi wokuqeda

Indlu yokuhlala ephuma egesi-block ngezandla siqu isenziwe ngokusemthethweni. Isele ukwenza umsebenzi oqedile wokuqeda, ukuqhuba ukuxhumana okudingekile impilo ekhululekile, ukufaka amafasitela neminyango. Ukusebenza esitebeleni kungaqaliswa kuphela lapho ukuphahla kanye nama-eves sekuphelile. Ngaphambi kokuqala, ubuso bubekwe nge-grater, futhi izinhlamvu zigcwele isisombululo. Njengengcebo, ungakhetha noma yini. Inzuzo yamakethe yanamuhla inikeza okuningi ongakhetha kukho imibala nemibala.

Isiphetho

Ngakho, sithole indlela yokwenza indlu yegesi-izivimbela ngezandla zethu. Imfundo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo izosiza ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokwakha futhi izokukusindisa emaphutha amakhulu.