I-Plinth isisekelo: izinzuzo nezindleko. Isisekelo sezitshalo ngezandla zomuntu siqu

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesisekelo luyi-slab design. Ngaphambi kokwakha isisekelo esiqinile, izinzuzo nezingozi zomklamo kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ukwakha lolu hlobo lwesisekelo kungaba kunoma yikuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-peat noma isihlabathi.

Izici ezihle zesisekelo se-slab

Isisekelo se-Plate, izinzuzo kanye nokuziqhenya kwazo okuxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko, kungase kuhambisane nokuhamba endaweni enemigca ehambisana nendawo, ngenxa yobunzima nobuqotho besakhiwo, ngakho-ke isisekelo se-monolithic sihamba kanye nomhlabathi, okubalulekile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zangasese.

Izici isisekelo seplate

Isisekelo se-Plate, inzuzo kanye nokuqapha kwayo ngaphambi kokukwakhiwa kuyadingeka ukucubungula, kungase kungabi nakancane noma kungajulile. Uma kungukuthi ingavunyelwanga, kufanele itholakale ekujuleni kwama-50 cm. Isisekelo sesikhumba siqiniswa ngosizo lwekhasi eliqiniswayo kulo lonke indawo yendlu, lesi sici siqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukukhishwa kwezinqubo. Unekhono elihle kakhulu lokuthola imithwalo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-plate monolithic iyahamba. Uma ukunikeza izici ezinhle zokuklanywa okunjalo kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukulula kokumiswa, ukuthembeka nokuphepha kokusebenza kwayo. Ingahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu. Uma usebenzisa isisekelo esiqinile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, uzoba nethuba lokuhlela phansi. Sebenzisa i-slab ingaba yingxenye yendlu engaphansi kwesiteji sokuqala.

Izici ezingalungile zesisekelo se-slab

Isisekelo se-slab, ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselelwa okuchazwe kulesi sihloko, sinomsebenzi omncane, okhonjiswa ngezindleko ezinkulu zezezimali, ezizokhokha ngesiqinisekiso sokuphepha nokuthembeka. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ipuleti enjalo izothola amandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Izici zokwakhiwa kwesisekelo se-slab

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwakha, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi isisekelo seplate, ama-pluses kanye namaminithi wezinto eziphathekayo. Kuzodingeka, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola inhlabathi endaweni yomsebenzi. Lezi zinqubo kumele zenziwe ukuze kunqunywe ukuqina komkhumbi wesihlabathi, kuphela emva kwalokhu kungenzeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokudala iphrojekthi.

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Inqubo kufanele iqale ngokumba umgodi, ukujula kwayo kufanele kube mkhulu kunokujula kwenhlabathi. Lo mkhakha uzothathwa esigabeni somsebenzi wezwe, okuyinto ekhetheka kakhulu ukuzinikezela ochwepheshe. Ngemuva kokufakwa phansi kwehlabathi, kuyadingeka ukuba udlulele ekugcwaliseni umkhumbi we-drainage, ozobe unamatshe. Isigaba esilandelayo silungiselela amafomu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amafomu afakwe kuwo wonke umjikelezo wesakhiwo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukubeka izigqoko, lapho kuqhutshwa le misebenzi, kufanele kube nesiguli esisodwa.

Ukugcwalisa isisekelo

Ngezinye izikhathi ukwakhiwa kusebentisa isisekelo se-pile-slab, kepha uma unquma ukwakha isisekelo se-monolithic, khona-ke uma uhlaka oluqiniswayo kanye namafomu akhiwa, ungaqhubeka nokulungiselela udoti. Ukuthungwa kwamafomu okukhonkolo kufanele kwenziwe ungqimba ngendlala, ubukhulu besendlalelo ngasinye kufanele bulingane no-15 cm. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukwazi ukuhlanganisa ukukhonjiswa usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile. Esikhundleni salokho, ungasebenzisa ukuqiniswa, okufakwa esixazululweni kulo lonke indawo.

Izinhlobo ze-slab foundation

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zesisekelo seplate, ezihlukile kwezobuchwepheshe bokufakwa. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo se-monolithic singaba yendabuko, ihlangene noma isisekelo se-ribbed. Okubunzima kakhulu ukwenza isisekelo ngezimbambo, kodwa inikeza ukuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu emithwalweni kanye nemandla enhlabathi ehambayo. Okuvame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwangasese kusebentisa ipulangwe elihlangene, ukwakhiwa kwalo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-jumpers ekhethekile. Isinyathelo esiphakathi kwamaphiko e-substrate enjalo kumele sigcwaliswe ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe ngesisekelo sehlabathi nesihlabathi.

Ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo se-slab

Izindonga zesisekelo se-slab kufanele zilungiswe yiwo wonke imithetho. Idivayisi enjalo ikuvumela ukuba usakaze umthwalo ukusuka endlini ngokulinganayo, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise umthwalo emhlabathini. Ngokwakha isisekelo se-monolithic, ungayenza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Leli pharamitha lixhomeke ezimeni zenhlabathi endaweni yokuthuthukiswa, kodwa kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izici, isibonelo, isimo sezulu. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, lapho ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezikhanyayo ngezinhloso zezomnotho, isakhiwo se- foundation esakhiwe, ububanzi obuyi-10 cm. Mayelana nezakhiwo zokuhlala, le parameter kufanele ikhule ibe ngamasentimitha angu-25, kuyilapho kudingekile ukuqiniswa okubanzi kwesisekelo.

Izincomo zokuziphatha komsebenzi wokulungiselela

Idivayisi yesisekelo seplate idinga isidingo sokumaka ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa. Kumele uthathe insimu, bese ubamba umgodi wesisekelo, okujule okungenani okungama-35 cm. Ukuze wenze kube lula ukuhlanganisa ukulungiselela, udinga ukuwuchitha ngamanzi, uphawu lungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana, isibonelo, ngesandla. Ngaphansi komcamelo, ungafaka ukugoqa epulasitiki, okuzohlinzeka ngamanzi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-polyethylene izokhipha ukungena kobisi lwekhonkri ngokusebenzisa amafomu.

Ukuqhuba ukubopha kokuqiniswa kwesisekelo se-slab

Isisekelo se-Plate, ubuchwepheshe obubonisa isidingo sokuqiniswa, kufanele sibe nesakhiwo esixhunyiwe kahle. Ukubophezelwa kokuqiniswa kufanele kuqalwe kuphela emva kokuba ifomu lihlanganisiwe. Yenza ifreyimu ingasebenzisa umshini wensimbi, amangqamuzana awo afana nama-200 x 200 millimeters. Phakathi kwezingxenye kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ibanga elilingana no-10 cm. Phakathi kwephansi kanye ne-cage reinforcing kuyadingeka ukufaka izinsimbi, ezihlelwe ngokusekela. Ngesikhathi sokubopha isendlalelo esingaphansi kwezinto eziqiniswayo, ukulungisa izinto kufanele zisetshenziswe, ubukhulu bawo bube ngu-3.5 cm. Kumelwe zilethwe ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esingaphansi futhi zifakwe phakathi kwekhasi eliqinisayo. Ukudala i- cage yokuqinisa kubhekwa njengomsebenzi onzima, ngokufeza le misebenzi udinga ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile ngendlela ye-jack ne-crowbar. Umhlangano uzoba msinya uma ukuhlanganiswa kuhlanganisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqoqa. Amandla alesi simiso ayoxhomeka ekutheni izici zohlaka luxhunywe kanjani. Akudingekile ukusebenzisa inombolo enkulu yokuxhumeka, okuncane kwabo - okuzokwakhiwa kuyo. Ukuqiniswa kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni zokuphela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izakhi zensimbi ezine-U-shape, ngosizo lwazo ungenza ukubopha kwezendlalelo ezingenhla nezingezansi zokuqiniswa. Isisekelo se-monolithic slab kuphela ngaphansi kwezincomo sizobe siphelile futhi sihlala isikhathi eside.