Isifo, uStephen Hawking sika. Umlando isifo uStephen Hawking

Zemvelo olusuka eNgilandi Stiven Hoking akugcini nje emibuthanweni yesayensi eyaziwayo. Abaningi ukuqhathanise ososayensi ovelele ezifana Einstein Newton. Hawking amadili nge physics theory kanye nama-mathematics isicelo, isikhala kanye nesikhathi theory, ukuhlola imithetho eyisisekelo ukuthi ukushayela yonke. UStefanu uyisibonelo esihle usosayensi abanethonya kakhulu ezikhathini zanamuhla, lapho uphokophele uMnyango-University of Cambridge.

Kodwa indaba uStephen Hawking - njalo ekunqobeni isifo esingalapheki, okuhambisana naye cishe kukho konke ukuphila kwami omdala. Lokhu indoda emangalisayo wakwazi bona amathuba angenamkhawulo yingqondo yomuntu, abaphethwe yesifo sokuwohloka kwezinzwa nemisipha.

Umlando Omfushane usosayensi

UStephen Hawking wazalwa ngo-January 8, 1942 emndenini esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Nokho, abazali bakhe kwakunguMariya abaphothula Oxford futhi babe nezihlakaniphi kubhekwe. UStefanu wayewukuphela kwengane abajwayelekile, kodwa eminyakeni 8, wafunda ukufunda. Lesi sikole siye saba ukuba umfundi okhuthele, kodwa into ekhethekile nsé ontanga yabo.

Ukuzizwa ngesithakazelo okusezingeni eliphezulu kwi-physics, wazihlanganisa uMnyango Physics wafunda e-Oxford, elingazange babonise ukulangazela bakufunde, ukuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe udlala ezemidlalo emaphathini. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, wakwazi ngo-1962 kuya beqede impohlo degree Ukuklonyeliswa. UStefanu wahlala isikhathi esithile e-Oxford futhi sunspots wafunda, kodwa kamuva wakhetha ukuya kwelinye Cambridge. Elapho eyingoduso kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi theory.

ukugula, uStephen Hawking sesiqale ukuba wazizwa emuva kwesikhathi nesikhathi zami eCambridge University. Futhi ngo-1963, ukuxilongwa esidumazayo eseyinsizwa - yesifo sokuwohloka kwezinzwa nemisipha (ALS).

Iyini i-ALS?

Kuyinto isifo esingelapheki kohlelo sezinzwa, okuyinto kancane iqhubeka. It libhekene izilonda cortex futhi brainstem, spinal cord izinzwa obhekene ukunyakaza. Iziguli ukuthuthukisa ukukhubazeka, bese yoma imisipha.

EYurophu, isifo, uStephen Hawking isikhathi eside ukuba ngokuthi behlonipha usosayensi sikaCharcot, owachaza izimpawu phakathi kwekhulu XIX. E-US, lesi sifo ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi isifo Goering sika kukhunjulwa ethandwa basketball owafa-ALS.

Yesifo sokuwohloka kwezinzwa nemisipha - iyisifo ezingavamile. Abantu abayizinkulungwane 100 they jeza nga zi oyedwa kuya kwabahlanu. Ngokuvamile, abantu baguliswe iminyaka engu-40 kuya ku-50. isifo, uStephen Hawking sika, izimbangela zazo awaziwa, alikho ikhambi. Kube manje isayensi ayikakwazi ziqonde indaba yokufa kungani run of ezinzwa. Ufuzo kunendima mayelana 10% amacala.

Nokho, kowezi-2000, abacwaningi baye bacabanga ukuthi i-ALS lihlotshaniswa sokuzuza amangqamuzana ebuchosheni neurotransmitter. Ezinye lukhombisa ukuthi isifo eba ngenxa ngokweqile glutamic acid, kubangela amangqamuzana ezinzwa ukusebenza at zigcwele, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngokushesha niphele. Okwamanje ke ngenkuthalo ukucinga izakhi zofuzo ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa yesifo sokuwohloka kwezinzwa nemisipha. Ngisho unikezwa iqiniso ukuthi mkhulu umsebenzi izidakamizwa ukutholakala kusukela lesi sifo, kuba 100% yangenyama.

Izimpawu nenkambo isifo

isifo, uStephen Hawking ogama izimpawu udidekile kalula nge ukubukeka nezinye, izifo zingancipha eziyingozi, kuyinto omshoshaphansi kakhulu. Okokuqala, umuntu azizwa ukuxegiselwa imisipha disorder (kaningi kakhulu izandla). Lokhu kubonakala nobunzima, ezifana ngokubhala, izinkinobho, thatha izinto ezincane.

Uma lesi sifo iqala ukuba bathuthuke, futhi inqubo kancane kancane afe Izinzwa we umgogodla, kanye nabo, futhi izingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza yokuzithandela. Ngenxa yalokho, imisipha ezingasho akukho ukunyakaza ngaphandle kokuthola amaza emiyalezweni yobuchopho.

Yesifo sokuwohloka kwezinzwa nemisipha, lethiwa ngenxa yokuthi izinzwa ukuthi ukuqhuba amaza kagesi sibe imisipha yomzimba esisogwini izinhlangothi kulo emgogodleni.

Kaningi kusaqalwa zesifo unobunzima inkulumo nokugwinya. Ezigabeni kamuva indoda ngempela elingenalo womgwaqo, umuntu ulahlekelwa inkulumo yakhe ebusweni, ulimi imisipha yoma, kukhona Ukuvuza amathe. Nokho, ubuhlungu, engazizwa.

isifo, uStephen Hawking sika Nokho esabekayo, ngoba kwenza ikhubazekile, kodwa akusho ukuphazamisa izinqubo engqondo. Memory, ukuzwa, umbono, ukwazi, engqondweni yethu imisebenzi ubuchopho zihlala zinjalo.

Iyini imbangela yokufa in iziguli i-ALS?

Ezigabeni yokugcina yoma isifo nemisipha zokuphefumula, ukuze umuntu akakwazi ukuphefumula. Nakuba kukhona yokuthi umzimba akuyona yisimo ngokuphelele, kodwa imisipha abathintekayo ukuphefumula, siyeke umsebenzi.

ukuphila, uStephen Hawking sika-ALS

Naphezu uphethwe esabekayo, uStefanu baqhubeka ukuphila okumatasa. Nokho, izimpawu bazenza wazizwa. Futhi emva ukuwohloka Hawking waya esibhedlela ukuhlolwa, lapho watshelwa ukuthi lezo zindaba ezibuhlungu ukuthi singabe sisaziphilela kuka iminyaka emibili. Ngemva kwalezi zindaba, kwaba yilowo nalowo ngabe ngilele ukucindezeleka, yayiphumula noStephen. Kodwa ukoma ukuphila unqobile, futhi waqala ukubhala mqondo yakhe. kungazelelwe Hawking waqaphela ukuthi kusekhona isikhathi sokwenza into ezuzisayo, into ewusizo izwe.

Nokho, ukugula, uStephen Hawking sika awamenzanga ngo-1965 ukushada Jane Wilde, emshadweni wakhe wafika nge umhlanga. Umkakhe bebawati uphethwe esabekayo, kodwa wanquma ukuchitha ukuphila kwayo konke wakhethwa ukunakekela kwakhe, kuyilapho wayengathi emsebenzini, wahlanganyela kwezesayensi. Bachitha iminyaka engu-engaphezu kuka-20 ubudala, ashade nezingane ezintathu ozalwa. Ngenxa Dzheyn Stiven njalo abaqeqeshiwe, ngisho kokuba nengxenye ikhubazeke.

Kodwa ukuphila nomuntu ohlushwa ALS, kunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-90 zokuqala umbhangqwana uhlukana. Nokho Hawking wasala yedwa isikhathi eside. Washada nomzanyana wakhe. Umshado yathatha iminyaka engu-11.

kwezesayensi

UStephen Hawking, isifo iye yathuthuka nge-career yakhe yesayensi, wavikela mqondo yakhe ngo-1966, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo bathuthela hhayi nge umhlanga kanye ngezinduku. Ngemva ekuvikeleni, waqala ukusebenza ngo-Cambridge College Gonville futhi Caius njengoba umcwaningi.

Sebenzisa ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile kwadingeka kusukela 1970, kodwa naphezu kwale mizamo, phakathi 1973 kanye 1879 Hawking wasebenza e-University of Cambridge-Faculty of Mathematics Esetshenziswayo futhi Theoretical Physics, lapho waba uprofesa e-1977.

Zemvelo Stiven Hoking kusuka 1965 kuya ku-1970, olwenziwa ucwaningo isimo yonke e-Big Bang. Ngo-1970 wafunda imfundiso yokuziphendukela izimbobo black, ngiye zavela eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziningana. Ngenxa yakhe imisebenzi yesayensi , wenza iqhaza elikhulu Cosmology kanye astronomy, kanye nokukhombisa ukuqondisisa ithiyori gravity kanye nokuphenyisisa izimbobo omnyama. Ngenxa yayo ethelayo umsebenzi Hawking baba umnikazi inqwaba imiklomelo kanye nemiklomelo.

Kuze kube ngu-1974 usosayensi bebengaba bebodwa, futhi avuke aye embhedeni. Esikhathini esithile ngemva kokugula ophoqelelwe ukufuna isizo labafundi, kodwa kamuva saphinde saba ukuqasha umhlengikazi okhokhelwayo.

Stiven Hoking kunalokho ngokushesha walahlekelwa ikhono ukubhala ngenxa yoma kwemisipha izandla. Ukuze axazulule izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nezibalo, ukwakha ngeso lengqondo amagrafu ayekucabanga. Wahlupheka futhi apharathasi vocal usosayensi, kwake kwaqondwa ngu kuphela labangani asondelene nabo kanye labo ngibabona njalo naye. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, uStefanu sisho amaphepha isayensi kanye izinkulumo unobhala, kodwa kuyiqiniso, ngosizo umhumushi.

lokubhala

Usosayensi wanquma popularize isayensi futhi ngo-1980 waqala ukusebenza phezu incwadi, okuyinto kwaba osesikhundleni "Umlando Omfushane Isikhathi." Lichaza isimo ndaba, isikhathi nendawo, imfundiso yokuziphendukela izimbobo omnyama Big Bang. Umbhali Gwema eziyinkimbinkimbi imigomo zezibalo kanye zibalo, ethemba ukuthi abantu abavamile uyoba nesithakazelo encwadini. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Steven futhi enethemba lokuthi umsebenzi wakhe ngabe uthandwa kangaka. Ngo-2005, Hawking wabhala incwadi yesibili, layinika igama "A Briefer Umlando Isikhathi." It is Kunikezelwa ngentuthuko yakamuva emkhakheni yezinkanyezi theory.

Ukuxhumana njalo nezwe elingaphandle usebenzisa amasu

Ngo-1985, Hawking wangenwa isifo sofuba. Steven ngokuphelele isimungulu ngenxa tracheotomy ophoqelelwe. abantu Ekhathazekile ukulondolozwa usosayensi othile kusuka ukuthula. Ngoba kwakufanele uhlelo lwe-computer evumela ukuba usebenzise Swayipha of a isigwedlo umunwe ukukhetha amagama eboniswa ku-ukutjheja kanye ihlanganisa wabayisa amabinzana, okuyinto wagcina ethunyelwe synthesizer inkulumo. Ukuxhumana nabantu ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu ukuphila usosayensi othile. Libuye ithuba ukuhumusha usebenzisa isilinganisi izimpawu zibalo physics, ezalotshwa amagama. Manje, Steven wafunda ngokuzimela abathethise, kodwa kwadingeka ukuba enze kusengaphambili bese ezithumela synthesizer inkulumo.

Ngemva imisipha yoma yisimo ngokuphelele esitho usosayensi inzwa infrared yafakwa izibuko zakhe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe izinhlamvu bheka.

isiphetho

Naphezu kokugula kwakhe sina, uStephen Hawking sisasebenza kakhulu eminyakeni yakhe 73. Wayeyoba nomona abantu abaningi bephilile. Yena uhamba kaningi, kunikeza izingxoxo, ubhala izincwadi, uzama popularize isayensi, okwenza izinhlelo ngekusasa. UProfesa phupho uhambo ku-mkhathi. Lesi sifo ayemfundise zona ngeke onga yena, ngoba abaningi akusiyo evumayo ngakho. Yena okholwa ukuthi isikhathi eside kangaka wahlala ngenxa imikhiqizo engqondo zabasebenzi nobuhle ukunakekelwa.

Singasho ukuthi indaba uStephen Hawking - isibonelo wenkuthalo amakhulu isibindi, ezithinta kuphela izintandokazi zakho.