Indlela yokwenza i-crane yokuzigoba?

Ngaphandle kwama-cranes wokukhanya okungenawo amandla okuphatha ngaphakathi kwetoni elingu-1, awukwazi ukukwenza ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene kagesi, yokufaka nokwakhiwa. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwawo, kungenzeka ukufaka amadivaysi ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo noma phansi, futhi ukuwahambisa ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisa. Kulula ukuhlangana nokufaka, futhi uma kunesidingo zingasheshe zihlakazeke zibe izingxenye zezinto futhi zithuthele endaweni efanele.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo kunengqondo ngokungabikho kokuxhashazwa kwamanye ama-PMM. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-cranes ane-design ehlukile. Zihlukaniswe zibe zindawo ezihambayo nezihambayo. Ama-boom units afakwe enye indlela yokugesi kagesi yokuhambisa umthwalo. I-crane isebenza ngokulawulwa kwamandla.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-mini-crane

Ngokuzimela, ungadala amathuluzi ahlukahlukene nezinsimbi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwakhiwa nezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi. Naphezu kokuthi i-mini-crane, eyenziwe ngesandla, ibhekwa isisindo esilinganiselwe (esingaphezu kuka-250 kg), lo mklamo uzokwenza kube lula ukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukukhetha wonke amathuluzi nezingxenye ezidingekayo ekudalweni nasekusebenzeni okulandelayo. Isisindo somhlangano singaba ngu-300 kg, kuye ngokuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sinokulinganisa okulinganiselwe futhi ikhono lokuhambisa ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kokuqala ngokusiza imoto.

I-crane yokuzihlanganisa : umhlangano

Ngesiza sokunciphisa ngendlela efana nesidumbu, kutholakala i-winch yempahla. Kungabuye inikeze ukudalwa kwe-drive manual, nokwenza lula umhlangano we-winch boom. Isisekelo sezandiso ze-screw yisekelo yokwakha. Zonke izakhi ezinikezwe ngenhla zakha isisekelo somklamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sidinga amadrama ama-winches. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukuzitholela ngokuzimela, ngoba inqubo iyanzima futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi futhi isidingo semishini ekhethekile kanye nesipiliyoni ekufezeni lowo msebenzi.

Indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo yi-rotors evela emotweni kagesi, engasetshenziswa njengesisekelo, futhi yenza lula umsebenzi. Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kunikwe ukuxhumana phakathi kobuningi bezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nedivayisi yesikhathi esizayo. Kulokhu, izilinganiso ezengeziwe zenziwa ngokusebenzisa umbusi.

Izinto ezingeziwe

Ukuze kube lula ukuhamba, isiteji sinamasondo. Izinto ezisuka enqoleni yokuhambisa zingasiza. Ngesikhathi sokudala umklamo, ungakhohlwa ngalokhu okungeziwe, ngoba kubonga kuye ukuthi i-crane elula ephakanyisiwe, ehlangene ngezandla zakhe, ihamba. Ngenxa yalokhu kudingekile kuphela ukususa labo abaphuthumayo, abangabangeli ubunzima obukhethekile futhi bakhiqizwa ngesikhathi esifushane. Kubalulekile ukugcina amasu okuphepha, ikakhulukazi, i-boom kufanele isethelwe ezingeni le-zero ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwe-balance kanye ne-crane drop.

Izici

Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-boom ngamamitha ama-5. Ukukhiqizwa kwalo ipayipi enobubanzi obungaba ngu-8 cm isetshenzisiwe. Iphrofayela yamakhonksi amabili iphakanyiselwe phansi. Kubuye kudingekile ukwakha indlela yokwenza umshini wokuguqula nokuphakamisa ibhoom, ngaleyo njongo i-hub yezimoto ezivela kunoma iyiphi iloli efanelekile. Ngokweqile, izinto ezikhethekile azidingeki, kodwa kubo kungenzeka ukuthi bathathe izitini ezijwayelekile. Dala i-crane yokuzigoba ngokuzimela kungenzeka ngesisekelo samapheshana omgubhu, nombhede. Into yokugcina ingathathwa kumshini ongasetshenzisiwe.

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi asikho isidingo sokubheka umshini wokugubha, njengoba kungadingeki ngesikhathi kusebenza i-crane, futhi umsebenzi wedivaysi ephelele uzokwenziwa ngesivinini esincane.

Izinzuzo zokwakhiwa

Iphayiphu ene-rectangular kufanelekile ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sokusekela okungaphandle kanye nesisekelo esivamile. Kulezi zinsuku, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuzoba kuhle ukusebenzisa umzila we-200. Ubude bezinhlayiya eziphambili kufanele zibe ngaphansi kuka-50 cm, ngenxa yokuthi i-crane yokukhupha ingafakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo, kuhlanganise nokungalingani okuningi. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokulungisa isayithi esakhiwe ngalo.

Ngesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuphakama ngamasondo, njengenhlabathi evulekile bangakwazi ukuphefumula kabi bese begijima kuwo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wenza kahle ngokusemandleni. Emva kokwakhiwa sekuqediwe, isakhiwo sihlukanisiwe sibe izingxenye zokugcina.

Ngingenzenjani igaraji?

Lapho izimoto zokuzilungisa zivame ukuba nesidingo sokususa injini, abanikazi abaningi bezimoto bayazibuza ukuthi bangenza kanjani i-crane yokuziphakamisa. Inguqulo elula iyisiphakamiso, esidinga ukunqoba kwesandla, imise ezisekelweni ezingunxantathu ngamasondo nombhobho wesiphambano.

Ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zezinsika ngokugaya izigxobo ezifakwe emasongweni. I- winch yesandla ifakwe emgqeni wokuma , futhi ama-rollers afakwe kwi-borrow, kamuva asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa ikhebula. Kulesi simo, akudingekile ukuthenga i-winch, ngoba kungenzeka ukwenza lo mklamo ngokuzimela.

Idivayisi enjalo ngeke ihlangane isikhala, ingahle ihlukaniswe, futhi ngokwehlukana i-cross transam ne-support ngeke ithathe isikhala esikhulu. I-crane, enezandla zayo ukuze igaraji lidalwe, liyakwazi ukuphakamisa nokuhambisa umthwalo okungaphezulu kuka-800 kg. Inzuzo yalo enkulu ukungabi nesidingo sokuthenga izinto ezibiza kakhulu.

Phakamisa

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, i-winch ingenziwa ngokuzimela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga isigubhu esihlome ikhebula, sidinga ukulungiswa kwisakhiwo samapayipi ane-square cross-section. I-asterisk encane ene-chain transmission is efakwe kwi-drive yegesi, futhi inkulu iphakanyiswe ekugcineni komgubhu. Ukwakha i-winch yesandla, i-shaft ifakwe isigubhu ifakwe ngesibambo.

Ukufaka futhi ukulungisa izingxenye eziningi emotweni kudinga i-overpass noma umgodi, lapho kungekho khona ungasebenzisa ukuphakamisa. Naphezu kwezingozi ezikhona lapho usebenza nale nsiza, ukudala kwayo kulungele izinzuzo zomnotho nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo.

I-crane-trrolley yebhuloho, ehlangene ngezandla zayo kanye ne-winch, inguqulo elula kakhulu yokuphakamisa imoto, kuyilapho umshini ukhishwa esiteji ngemuva kokuphakama ekuphakameni okufunayo. Kukhona nokwakhiwa kohlobo lwe-scissor, oluhlukaniswa ukungabikho kwe-breakage yekhebula, okuyinto inguqulo yangaphambilini ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa.

I-Scissor Crane

Isisekelo kanye nesiteji se-scissor lift zenziwe ngeziteshi. I-distributor emibili-piece, ipompo, i-bushings, i- cylinder ye-hydraulic kanye ne- I-imisebe iyadingeka ukuze isike.

I-crane e-UAZ, eyenziwe ngezandla zayo, iyakwazi ukuphakamisa imithwalo enesisindo esingaphezu kuka-500 kg. Futhi emva kokuqedwa komsebenzi kungasuswa. Inhloso eyinhloko yedivayisi ukulungisa izinsiza ze-telescopic. Isisekelo somklamo senziwa ngodonga olukhulu, oluhlelwe esihlalweni ngamabolts ambalwa. Ama-pores angenakulinganiswa agcinwe ebhokisini bese ephakamisa ingemuva yemoto.

I-crane "Pioneer"

Le ndlela ivumela ukwenza kube lula ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi eminingi yokukhanda nokwakhiwa, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izenzo ezingenakwenziwa ngaphandle kwamadivaysi okuphakamisa ezengeziwe. Umklamo ufanelwe imithwalo ehlukene ngevolumu nobukhulu, kanti ingafakwa ekufakweni kwezindlu ezakhiwe, ezigodini zesisekelo nasemaphahleni.

Phakathi kwezingxenye eziyinhloko kukhona uhlaka lokuguqula nokusekela, i- winch kagesi, iphaneli yokulawula. Idivayisi ayibangeli ubunzima ekusebenziseni nasekusebenziseni umzamo omkhulu ngokomzimba. Ukuphathwa kungaphansi kwamandla omuntu wonke, ngisho nangaphandle kokuthola ulwazi olufanele.

Abanikazi abaningi bezindlu zangasese kanye neziqephu zezwe bahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokuphakamisa. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kubangelwa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yendlela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, ingenziwa ngendlela efunayo kanye nokusebenza okudingekayo. Ngaphezu kokunyathelisa imithwalo esindayo, njengezivikelo ze-monolithic, izigubhu ezifanayo ziqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezizinto ezikhanyayo endaweni ephakeme kakhulu.

Ngeshwa, ukudala amadivayisi we-hydraulic, njengombuso, akunakwenzeka. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, i-crane (enezandla zabo siqu), isithombe esinikezwa ngezansi, kulula ukusebenza futhi unomthwalo okwanele womthwalo.

Umhlangano we-crane "Oyiphayona"

Imininingwane eminingi ingatholakala, ngokumangalisa, endaweni yokudiliza impahla. Ngendlela yokuzenzela, izingxenye eziyinhloko ithubhu elixubile kanye ne-I-beam. Kubalulekile ukuthi lokhu kutholakala kalula epayipi. Ukudala i-telescopic noti ye-I-beam, kwenziwa iziqondiso zokuhambisa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kumele bahlanjululwe ngamakhemikhali akhethekile ukunciphisa izinga lokuqubuzana.

Ukuze usebenzise le divayisi, izintambo ezine-diameter encane nazo ziyadingeka. Zingathengwa esitolo sokwakha. Umzila uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ifreyimu ejikelezayo neyesekelayo. Ibuye inikeze ukufakwa okuqinile kwedivayisi kunoma iyiphi indawo. Njengomthetho, yilo uphahla lwesakhiwo ekwakhiwa. Ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha, kuyadingeka ukuba wenze indawo engamakhilomitha angama-ballast, kuyilapho kunciphisa amathuba okuxazulula izinkinga ngenkathi i-crane isebenza, ihlangene ngezandla zayo. Injini kagesi exhunywe ku-winch isetshenziselwa ukuqala inqubo yokuphakamisa.