Iwashi ku izinkomba igesi uze uphele du. Isikimu amahora osenyameni izinkomba

Ukusebenzisa osenyameni izinkomba ungenza iwashi kakhulu Nixie Clock. Kule ndaba, umuntu kuvula eziningi amathuba. AmaSu amahora kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu yokudala zingabonisa ku-design amahora ezithakazelisayo.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izibani igesi uze uphele du babe nemiphumela ethile engathandeki eziningi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa nozakwabo Fluorescent, kodwa lokhu kuyadukisa. Esimweni sokuqala, umuntu uthola impahla esebenza kancane kancane futhi kakhulu ebilayo. Nakuba izibani Fluorescent zishe kunalokho ngokushesha, okuyinto inkinga engathí sina.

izakhi ezibalulekile amahora izinkomba

Uma singazi acabangele kudivayisi, futhi ubonisa ngqo, ucezu eyinhloko chip. It ikuvumela ukuba sibonise ke amadivayisi ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli kuhlanganisa transistors futhi capacitors. Ngoba amandla supply amabhethri ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa. Transformers futhi inductors anemisila akuwona wonke iwashi izinkomba igesi uze uphele du.

Kanjani ukuze ahlangane Iwashi nge transistors SV303?

Iwashi ku ukudedelwa izinkomba setha SV303 transistors kuhlanganisa uhlobo okuguquguqukayo. Into yokuqala ukuba uqaphele ukuthi cishe ungatholi esishisayo ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa. Uma sikhuluma izibani ocucuzayo, babalulekile zisebenzisa entsha, aphume esitolo. Kungenjalo, liyokhonza amahora ambalwa kakhulu. Selisho izinombolo igama contact kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe.

Chip okuvame ukusetshenziswa ukulawula K15554 chungechunge, futhi utfolakala kuluhlobo ezintathu-siteshi, okukhipha amandla supply has ezimbili. Capacitors Iwashi Izinkomba ku osenyameni ikakhulukazi ezisebenza nge umthamo encane. Kwezinye izimo, kungatholakala amadivayisi stabilizers. Kulesi simo, transistors umthwalo kakhulu retracts. Njengoba umzimba Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ibhokisi abavamile.

Ukushayela amadivayisi nge stabilizers

Ukushayela amahora osenyameni izinkomba nge stabilizers nsuku saziso kufanele kufake ishayela converters. zingabantu kudingekile amadivayisi ukuze adlulisele yengeza izitshengiselo ezivela kwamanye chip. Capacitors iwashi ejwayelekile wesifunda phezu umthamo ukudedelwa izinkomba akuhlanganisi ezingaphezu kuka-50 PF. Transistors yena, kuhlanganisa uhlobo okuguquguqukayo.

Uma sicabanga uhlelo nge capacitors ezintathu, kanye iziphetho ezisekelwe chip kufanele kube ezintathu. Linganisa ukumelana transistors ziyadingeka ukumelana 6 ohms. Uma sikhuluma umthwalo lamanje, kuba ukubukela i isilinganiso 74 A is hhayi Kunconywa kuleli cala ukusebenzisa imali double. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lo voltage okukhiphayo ukwandisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu kuyodingeka ubeke fuses.

Uyabuka usebenzisa inductor

Umkhawulo umthwalo inductor uyakwazi withstanding 5 A. ugesi ukusebenza kwabo kubalulekile kakhulu. Ngqo inqubo sokuhlanganiswa wenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala umsebenzi exhunywe capacitors. Kulokhu bajwayele uhlobo electrolytic kuphela. In esigabeni sesibili ocushiwe resistors pairwise. Ukuchithwa izinkomba kulesi simo, ukumelana yangaphakathi zigcinwe ohms 50. Ukuvikela idivayisi, abaningi belulekwa ukusebenzisa uhlelo Ukuvikelwa evimbela izifunda okufutshane.

Amamodeli rectifiers nezinkomba IN-12b

Izinkomba zichithe IN-12b kanye rectifiers ukuvumela ukugcina ukuvama circuit 60 Hz. Ngenxa yalokhu, lo voltage okukhiphayo ingeqi 15 V. stabilizers e amabhodi ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa umugqa hlobo. Ukuvikeleka isekhethi kulokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze transistors uyakwazi withstanding ukumelana omkhulu, uzisebenzise ne RR200 wokugubha.

izakhi Bipolar ngama-iri, njengoba umthetho, kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa. Ngqo ibhodi asethwe amahora K155 chungechunge. I conductivity ezishisayo abaningana ezinhle, futhi bebonke bayehluka ukusebenza kakhulu. Converters kakade esetshenziswa ngempela akuvamile. I resistors selehlile, isimiso, akudingeki nokuthi i-plus. Ukukhishwa izinkomba kulesi simo, ukugcina ukumelana ohms 50.

Ukuhluka nge lokushisa izinzwa

Clock ku osenyameni izinkomba nge lokushisa inzwa ivumela ukulawula isimo sezulu oyinhloko wesifunda. Njengomthetho, kusengaphambili kunzima kakhulu ukubala umthwalo ukushisa ku pair oluthile resistors. Ngenxa yalokho, i-fuse efakwe ngeke ukwazi ukulondoloza isimo. Futhi ngokuvusa lokushisa amahora abathintekayo transformers. Lapho yesibili emazombezombe kuyinto voltage high, ubuqiniso balo ingase ibe sengozini.

Amahora usebenzisa converters

Converters amahora kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe i-ezivamile. Kulokhu, zenza idivayisi hhayi transformer ezifakiwe. Nokho, yokuntula Kulokhu nawo ayatholakala futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe. I ethile lokuqala converters esikhulu voltage okokufaka, okuyinto kwesinye isikhathi singeqi 16 V. Umsebenzi wokuqhuba wonke amazinga kulesi simo luyindida kakhulu.

cathodes Ukushintsha ama kungaba ukubambezeleka ongaphakeme. Ukuxazulula zonke lezi zinkinga kungaba ngosizo microcontrollers. Ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukuzisebenzisa uchungechunge "Mega 8". Ukuze ulungise iwashi uzodinga izinkinobho ezintathu kuphela. Ezinye ngaphambi kokuqala ubunzima inhlangano ekukhetheni LED. Kuze kube manje, lo ezifanele kakhulu ubhekwa izinto abomvu. Bheka ekugcineni bayoba efulethini nje emangalisayo. Ukuze izinombolo izibani igesi ocucuzayo, + njengoba bekulokhu kunjalo, sebenzisa oxhumana nabo.

Uhlelo umoya omncane in amadivaysi

Ukupholisa uhlelo lwewashi zingase zihluke. Indlela elula zedivayisi izisebenzi Ukupholisa ubhekwa ukupholisa zemvelo esebenzisa izimbobo izindlu. Bangenza kusukela izinhlangothi ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi okungaphezu nje ukuyibuka overheats Converter. Unalokhu engqondweni, uma it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuvimba ikhadi lakhe. Uma sicabangela oyisibonelo ugesi amayunithi for 15 V, esiphezulu lokushisa omoya kuyoba mayelana 40 degrees. Lokhu kuvamile futhi asikho isidingo ukuhlomisa iwashi Nixie Clock ezipholile.

Isikimu amahora nge ugesi yangaphakathi

AmaSu ngenxa yokugobhoza nezinkomba zangaphakathi ugesi ezihilela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla mpahla 30 V. Le yangaphakathi ukumelana kuyanda kuleli cala 2 ohms. Layisha esiphezulu transistors 5 A. Ukuze ukhethe iwashi ofuna ukuyisebenzisa microcontrollers. Ukunemba intuthuko zamanje kuncike kuphela asebenza ngebhethri. Transistors izifunda elula ukuze siyifeze izinkomba ngokuvamile ukunikeza uhlobo okuguquguqukayo.

Temperature izinzwa abasakwazi ezingavamile. Isizathu siwukuthi isistimu ngokuphelele akudingeki a transformer kuya yesibili emazombezombe. Ngenxa yalokho, i-conductivity ezishisayo kuyinto kakhulu. Anode okhiye amatheku esetshenziswa. Ziyakwazi ofanele kuphela yamapulangwe ku nezixhumi ezintathu. Microcontrollers Series "Mega 8" kuleli cala kungafaneleka. Ukuze firmware ngamazwe kudinga okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuqapha embundwini.

Iwashi phezu capacitors PP22

Clock izinkomba ikhulule capacitors yalolu hlobo angadlulisela isignali ngaphezulu stably. ukuqapha embundwini Kulokhu impela high. Resistors amahora asetshenziswa kuphela nge impedance ngaphansana 6 ohms. Voltage okokufaka Kumelwe kungabi ngaphansi kuka 6 V Ukuhambisana izingqimba kwenzeka kuphela sizibulale cathodes.

Converters ngoba capacitors yalolu hlobo Site uchungechunge "Step Up". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvikela ohlelweni, ukugwema short circuit. Chip capacitors ukusetshenziswa kuphela ekhishwayo ezimbili. Kulokhu nezimbobo kungenzeka kuze kube izicucu emihlanu. Stabilizers ngoba capacitors ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa eklasini komugqa. Linganisa voltage ngesikhathi okokufaka kumele okungenani ibe 5 V

Ingabe ikhona iwashi nge chips amabili?

Iwashi phezu inkomba osenyameni nge chips amabili kuze kube yimanje abasakwazi ezingavamile. Ziyakwazi ezidingekayo ukuze sisheshe ukuvumelanisa inqubo. Kulokhu, izibani inkinobho cathode ziyakhathaza nanoseconds. transistors Bipolar ngoba iwashi enjalo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Izinga ubuncane ukumelana kulokhu kufanele zitholakale ezingeni ohms 50.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, transistors ziyadingeka ukumelana zinamandla e A. converters amahora 30, ijwayele ukusethwa ishayela hlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, kokushintshela ifomethi kanambambili kuyashesha. Ngqo amazinga ukwamukelwa kwenzeka microcontroller. Ukulungisa lo voltage in idivayisi ingatholakala isimame. Nokho, ubuncane capacitance we capacitor kumele kube 22 PF.

Amamodeli fuses KA445

Lezi fuses yohlobo ubheke electrolytically. Linganisa amandla banayo ncamashi 10 PF. Ekuqaleni iketanga, ngokuvamile ibekwe phambi transistors. I LED ku iwashi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa komkhawulokudonsa okusezingeni eliphezulu. On the chip kumele ihlinzekwe nezimbobo okungenani ezintathu. Kulesi hlobo lwento Umlawuli is soldered kunesidingo. Nge high voltage okokufaka ngokwezinga usizo ezinkulu ukuze ubhekane fuse.

Uma Sizibeka eceleni ukusetshenziswa ku iwashi Lidlulisela, ungathatha transformer yesibili emazombezombe. It efakwe phambi kwamandla. Fuses, ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukusebenzisa kuphela uhlobo fuse. Kuyohlala isikhathi eside e amahora. Ngaphambi asebenza ngebhethri resistors Kubalulekile ukubeka umkhawulo 33 ohms. I kwamandla kumele yenzelwe 15 V kanye nobuningi umkhawulo kohlelo izokhuphuka azungeze 60 Hz.