IRed egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni: izilwane kanye nezitshalo

INcwadi Red - kuyinto idokhumenti main, equkethe izinto mayelana nesimo samanje ngezitshalo nangezilwane eziphila kuzo ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngesisekelo lezi idatha Kwenziwa ukuthuthukisa izinyathelo yesayensi ezingokoqobo ukuze kuvikeleke baveze zezinhlobo ayindlala.

Red Izincwadi ngamazinga ahlukene (international, besizwe).

Red egwalweni Russian Federation

Umsebenzi kwethi Red Russia yesimanje wethulwa 1992, kodwa ukushicilelwa ngokwayo yanyatheliswa kuphela ngo-2001. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, laqala ukusetshenziswa lesifunda Red Data Izincwadi eziphathelene kuphela abanye endaweni ethize noma emaphethelweni. Lezi zincwadi kusebenza Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo ezisohlwini lolu hlobo kuchazelwe, onesithakazelo kubantu, hhayi kuphela Kostroma esifundeni, kodwa futhi izakhamuzi Russian Federation.

Lesi sihloko uhlu emfushane izilwane Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni, kanye uhlu izitshalo futhi izinyoni. Incazelo emfushane ohlobo ngalunye ngokuhlukile ukukusiza uqonde kangcono ubuhle yemvelo ezifuywayo emhlabeni wonke, okuyinto kufanele walondoloza futhi ivikelwe.

Kostroma esifundeni

Kostroma Oblast itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-European Russia. Itholakala ngaphakathi amagquma moraine, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho emathafeni izimbuku.

Le ndawo idume amanzi alo. On endaweni Kostroma esifundeni kukhona ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezintathu imifula kokubili ezinkulu nezincane, ebaluleke kakhulu ye okuyinto iVolga. Iningi endaweni le ndawo imbozwe amahlathi, ikakhulukazi coniferous. Ngakho-ke, umuntu nje ecebile kanjani futhi okunhlobonhlobo izimila nezilwane endaweni, ogama olwenzeka endaweni kuhlukile futhi inobuso eziningi: kuba futhi umfula zeziyaluyalu ageleza, futhi imifula ingajuli mncane; lokhu ipulazi obukhulu, futhi ezimanzi izimfunda aluhlaza.

Yiziphi izinhlobo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ivikela Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni? Isithombe kanye nencazelo yalo uzobe wafaka lesi sihloko.

Fauna. ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo

Abameleli beNdikimba nezilwane ezihlukahlukene Kostroma esifundeni - engibathandayo ukhululekile olwenzeka endaweni emahlathini nezimfunda. Ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, esifundeni kukhona ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo amathathu namashumi ayisithupha nesithupha wafunda, ayisishiyagalombili nesithupha lapho ezibhekwa ezingavamile noma ezisengcupheni.

esifundeni Izilwane Kostroma, ezisohlwini Incwadi Red -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinyoni kanye namagundane. Nakuba zikhona phakathi kwabo, ezilwaneni eziyingozi, njengamabhubesi mink European.

I-European mink - isilwane omkhaya uchakide. Uhlala ogwini angenasawoti nge osogwini olusenyakatho ngobumnene ezitshekile, igcwele utshani futhi alders, odla inhlanzi, isikhuphashe namaselesele. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase ngisho bondliwe yenkukhu.

I lolwehlukanisa lolu hlobo - ulwelwesi ukubhukuda phakathi kwezinzwane. mink obuphelele umzimba zokhahlamba kusuka 28 kuya 43 cm, kanye nesisindo - kusuka 550 kuya ku-800

Mink European liyaziwa uboya bayo esibalulekile, ngakho-Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni wenze isinqumo amthathe wokuvikela wombuso. isinyathelo Okufanayo sathathwa, kanye nezinye Red Book of Russia.

Fauna. uhlu olufushane

Ezingavamile ezisengcupheni ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo Kostroma esifundeni futhi zihlanganisa:

ekilasini Mammalian:

Kusukela oda Insectivorous - muskrat Evamile futhi American elibhekwa njengabaThwa Shrew.

Kusukela oda Bat - noctule Red, Echibini bat, nelulwane nesikhova esinamadlebe amade, kabili umbala lesikhumba nabanye.

Of igundane - laseSiberia squirrel flying, Sadovaya Sonya, ukhuni lemming, njll ...

Class Awezinyoka:

Kusukela oda Scale - Anguis fragilis nesihlabathi isibankwa.

Kusukela oda Izinyoka - copperhead Evamile.

I-Amphibians ekilasini:

Kusukela oda Tailed - intulo laseSiberia.

Kusukela oda waphansi - European iselesele umlilo-bellied, ezivamile spadefoot iselesele, marsh frog , futhi nabaningi abanye.

Ngakho uma ufuna ukuzingela emazweni Kostroma, qaphela ekuqaleni, ukufunda INcwadi Red, ungenawo ngephutha ukubhubhisa zilwane ezibalulekile futhi isengozini yokuqothulwa.

Fauna. Ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. inhlanzi

Lesi seluleko sisebenza kubo bonke abadobi nenithanda ukuphotha, ngoba Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni ivikela ngisho izinhlanzi redkovstrechaemyh. Phakathi kwabo kufanele ingasaphathwa Grayling European kusukela Troop Salmoniformes.

Grayling European - inhlanzi angenasawoti omkhaya salmon, has a Umbala engavamile ikakhulukazi ohlala emanzini abandayo futhi sihlanzekile. ubude bayo ongafinyelela cm 60, nesisindo - 6.5 kg. Grayling odla ezinamagobolondo, izicabucabu, mollusk izinambuzane, ngisho nezinhlanzi ezincane.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi graylings European babe obucayi iphunga Thyme (noma Thyme).

Ngo esifundeni Kostroma ivikelwe nezinye izinhlanzi angenasawoti: Sturgeon, Sturgeon isiRashiya, isi-Russian bystranka, Gorceac, induna vulgaris, nabanye.

Fauna. Ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. izinyoni

Ubani omunye evikela Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni? Izilwane afakwe kulokhu, uhlu amakilasi ahlukahlukene kanye zenyathi. Zinhle kakhulu futhi okuncomekayo ukubukeka zabo, imikhuba kanye indima imvelo.

Phakathi kwalabo nezilwane kufanele sinake wing like. Omunye wabo ethatha ngaphansi kwesivikelo Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni? Bird okukhulunywa kuwo -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iqembu lamabutho ka Ciconiiformes, isifanekiso eliqhakazile okungukufa Black Stork.

Black nonogolantethe - elihle inyoni Umbala engavamile. umsila uba nombala ecebile omnyama, ngokumelene lapho imilenze ebomvu futhi uqhwaku kubonakale elikhanyayo ngokukhethekile futhi yayishubile.

Izinyoni endaweni ihlathi, amanzi eduze, ukugwema abantu nezindawo zokuhlala. Usuthisa ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ikakhulukazi ezincane ezingenamgogodla (ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namagundane, izinyoka, izibankwa).

Ubusika Black Stork eNingizimu Asia. yokuchitha isizungu yathe ayeyithanda - ikhuphuka zindiza, amaphiko ukusabalala-eagled. Kubhaklazeka nonogolantethe amaphuphu cishe inyanga, inzalo ivela engalingani nomunye. Ngokuhamba ezinyangeni ezimbili ezizayo, izinyoni omdala ukondla izingane, belching ukudla.

Okunye izinyoni, okuyinto ukhuluma Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni (futhi kukhona okungenani amahlanu), futhi amahle insufficiently wafunda, kanye Black Stork. Okokuqala, lokhu Heron Gray kanye Little Bittern, Whooper Swan futhi Goose Red breast, Golden Eagle futhi esifushane Nezinzwane Eagle, Merlin futhi Oystercatcher, Drozdovidnaya Warbler futhi HAWFINCH, nabanye abaningi.

Fauna. ezingenamgogodla

IRed egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni iqukethe uhlu izilwane ezilwane ezingenamgogodla, kudingeka ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile. Zazo zikhona zinhlobo engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili. Lezi zihlanganisa izimbaza ezithile (imbaza ezivamile futhi obukhulu shelled emfuleni imbaza), ezinamagobolondo (Spring schiten, Summer schiten, Astacus leptodactylus), Dragonfly (ugogo Green, ubuhle abakhaliphile Lütke-Nymph), Amabhungane (racer isiJalimane, Marble chafer, ibhungane yasakazwa) , Hymenoptera (Big birch sawfly, iminyovu esijwayelekile, bumblebee Ground) kanye nabanye abaningi.

Fauna. izimvemvane

Yiqiniso, ngaphansi kwesivikelo isimo wawa izimvemvane eziningi. Phakathi kwabo - uvemvane.

Swallowtail - Yayinhle usuku butterfly omkhaya Lepidoptera. fenders kwalo phambi ahlotshiswe elikhanyayo umhlobiso engavamile - namabala amnyama futhi streaks, kanye ububanzi umngcele abamnyama. A amaphiko ezingemuva abe iphethini zimangaza kakhulu: nezimagqabhagqabha blue and yellow umphelelisi ngeso elibomvu ansundu, sizungezwe isehlukaniso abamnyama. Namaphiko lolu hlobo butterfly ongafinyelela 81 mm kwabesilisa nabesifazane 94 mm.

Swallowtail bukhoma e ezimfundeni ezinhlobo ezehlukene, ku ihlathi imiphetho kanye ezivulekile, zibe seduze kwemigwaqo nasemifuleni.

Izinsikazi amaqanda uvemvane, phezulu emoyeni, phezu lateral stem noma underside amaqabunga izitshalo aphethe, okungaba inkomo Parsnip, dill, parsley, Alder Maksimovic, girchovnitsa, fraxinella mohnatoplodny nabanye abaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamandla izimvemvane kuvezwa nokuqothulwa ezinkulu ngenxa yomlilo, ukugunda utshani, ukwaluka futhi belimaza izimfunda ukuqiniswa.

Nokho, ngaphandle nje zezinyoni ezingavamile nezilwane eNcwadini Red Yiqiniso, afakiwe futhi abameleli ezimileni.

Flora. izimbali

Plants of the Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni iyingqayizivele ngempela. Basuke abatelekile ubuhle kanye Singularity zabo, ubuhle eziyinqaba angavamile.

Okokuqala, kuba pheze amabili zama-orchid zinhlobo quire umndeni Buttercup, isikhathi esingaphezu nanhlanu zama-sedge kanye notshani. Phakathi ezihlukahlukene ezifana izimbali nezimila elimnandi, kukhulunywa kufanele wenziwe lo Calypso eziyizigaxa.

Calypso onion - isitshalo zisetshenziswa herbaceous bomkhaya orchid, ivelele ngokuba imbali kwayo okukhulu enhle. Imbali enkulu futhi elimnandi nge sehliselwe phansi ikhanda ifinyelela ubude cishe 1.5 cm, futhi lip ikhombe sac (cishe 2 cm). umlomo ezibumbeke njengebholo izicathulo, okuyinto ngasesinqeni se imishayo ezintathu izinwele bright yellow.

Calypso Izimbali kwenzeka noJuni, futhi fruiting - July no-August.

Autumn kwenziwe ushintsho licembe lembali, ngakho ubizwa embozwe yiqhwa kusekusha leaf oluhlaza, okhombisa umdabu tropical Calypso eziyizigaxa.

Flora. nezinye izitshalo

Izitshalo Kostroma esifundeni, ezisohlwini Incwadi Red, akugcini kuphela imibala. Futhi zihlanganisa Ulele (Lobar wamaphaphu), obomvu ulwelwe (Batrahospermum lobuhlalu), wona (Sphagnum bog, Gomaliya trihomanovidnaya, Dikranum lomkolisty), kanye ezinye nezihlahla. Okokuqala, kuba - Loparskaya Willow, Willow chernikovidnaya birch yemifino kanye birch ezimfushane.

esitokisini Ubude kuthathwe zinhlobo eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu nesithupha zezitshalo isitshalo eziphilayo. Phakathi kwabo, kukhulunywa kufanele wenziwe a flora enjalo nemphumela lomuhle kakhulu kuphela black crowberry.

black Crowberry (noma emnyama Shiksha) - kuyinto siluhlaza shrub heather umndeni encane. Imila ikakhulu ezinkulu, crowberry ezihlabayo atholakala ezindaweni ezinamadwala, kanye emahlathini coniferous nezimfunda kanye amagquma.

Amagatsha ehlathini abe nombala oluhlaza, onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe ngokubomvu, futhi izimbali babe pink liluhlazana noma anombala obomvana ngokunsomi. Autumn crowberry black opaque drupe izithelo ezithinta ayelapha nasekondleni.

Inani incwadi

Njengoba singabona, Red egwalweni Kostroma esifundeni - lena inkinga ebalulekile kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo. Ehlotshiswe imifanekiso egqamile unikezwe incazelo emfushane futhi ulwazi mayelana zinhlobo ezahlukene ezisengcupheni, kuzothatha indawo yayo efanele emtapweni yakho futhi kukusize ukujoyina efanelekayo yizicukuthwane Umsebenzi - ukongiwa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.