Iphayiphi igesi "South Stream". igesi YeSizwe iphrojekthi iphayiphi

Eyokuqala ngoDisemba 2014 uzokhunjulwa isikhathi eside emhlabeni. Kwakuwusuku kubona ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu eyodwa enamandla kakhulu ulwazi amabhomu. Ungakhumbuli ukuthi kwenzekani ngemva kwalokho? Kwamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi iphrojekthi "South Stream wegesi" ivaliwe. Point. Leli jika, abaningi ayengakulindele. Phela, wathembisa eziningi izinzuzo Izakhamuzi namabhizinisi eziseningizimu yeYurophu. Nokho, kwenziwa isinqumo. Asizwise lokhu, kunalokho sasisihlanganyela ezinhle nokuthi kungani kwaba esikhathini esidlule.

"Uyakhumbula yini ukuthi konke kwaqala kanjani?"

umugqa Good ngengoma, kodwa eminye asishayisani ngomlando wethu. Kwakungekhona okokuqala. Ngesikhathi Ngacabanga iphayiphi "South Stream" amaphrojekthi afanayo sezivele lwenteke ngempumelelo. Ngisho nasezikhathini Soviet kwathiwa welulela ipayipi okuyinto wahamba fuel blue eYurophu. Zonke kungaba kuhle, kodwa izwe liye ziwile, iphayiphi kwaba ensimini ka-United ahlukahlukene eNgophezukonke. Ngeshwa i-Ukraine, wanqamula insimu yalo. Yini engalungile, ubuza? Musa ukunika lolu ipayipi eziningi efanayo ukuphumula. Imali kusuka kuye okuningi, nokuthi awukwazi ukuqonda bezikhali "abazuzayo" yabo, yimuphi kubo kubaluleke kakhulu. Nokho, ukubuyekeza kwethu akulona iqiniso ikakhulukazi. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuze ngezingcaphuno ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba ushintshe umzila wokuhamba ukuze asindise abantu anobuhlobo kusukela ithonya elibi elidala. "Nord Stream" selakhiwe le njongo. Ngobumnene zithululwe iphayiphi Ukraine. It kuphela kunikeza elinegesi ezweni eNyakatho Yurophu. Okunye abathengi Igesi yemvelo yangempela futhi kungenzeka kube nokungqubuzana, babe 'iziboshwa' amapayipi Ukraine. Kulapho umbono ukwakha iphayiphi igesi "South Stream". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakudingekile ukuba ngempela ukuqeda izwe ukuba sendleleni endala, nomunye - ngokwabo adinga izibuyekezo zokuxhumana. Ukuphila kwabo kwakunzima kakade abalulekile. Transit wokusindisa impahla akuyona ikakhulukazi ayinandaba. Futhi iyiphi indlela ukusebenza othwala, ngisho "ipayipi", okuyinto, eqinisweni, eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimbonini. Ngokuvamile, kwakungezinye komunye.

iphrojekthi

Iphayiphi igesi "South Stream" wayedabuka ukuba adabule endaweni amahlanu uthi, babanike i-fuel nendawo. Kulokhu, akekho wakungabata amathemba le phrojekthi. amazwe eNingizimu Stream yilezi: eBulgaria, eHungary, Serbia, Slovenia, Italy. Khona-ke wazihlanganisa iphrojekthi Austria naseGrisi. Kwakusobala-ke ukuthi kukuzuzisa kanjani kulawo mazwe. Kuqalwe ukwakhiwa yesikhombisa Disemba 2012. Iplani kwakungukuthi ukulifunda ngiliqede 2015. Lo msebenzi omningi. Imisebenzi enjengale phakathi kohulumeni bahlelekela izivumelwano ezifanele, ukuhlela ngaphansi yikuphi ukwakheka ekhethekile. Izindleko ukwakhiwa akulona encane. Ngakho, ngokusho kombiko, "Gazprom" kwadingeka ukuba izimali zakhe kuko bhiliyoni 2.6. Dollars. Kodwa isibalo rose US $ 4,66 bhiliyoni .. amapayipi European efanayo nokuxhumana abangu kulinganiselwa ngaso isamba yezinkanyezi of 16,6 amabhiliyoni. Nokho, umsebenzi usuqalile ukubilisa. amabhizinisi efanele, ngezimali eyabelwe zona, ukubambisana labetibambile zidaliwe.

Icebo wegesi "South Stream"

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le phrojekthi ezibalulekile kungaphumi ngokushelela. It is phansi ngo-ejulile analysis, ukulungisa, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, emhlabathini. Schematically, omunye wakhe wokugcina (ishiywe) okufushane kuboniswe Fig. Njengoba ubona, kwakufanele bonyana enze ukufinyelela inqwaba amazwe aseNingizimu ne-Europe, kusale esikhathini esizayo kwamanye amazwe ithuba ujoyine le phrojekthi. Futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, "South Stream" - iphayiphi igesi (ibalazwe figure) ukuthi Bypasses uzakwethu alithembekile, Kojima kwaba Ukraine. Ingxenye ipayipi okufanele idlule ngaphansi oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bayo kwakuyoba mayelana amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba iphayiphi siyodlula izingxenye zomnotho hhayi kuphela e-Russia kanye Bulgaria, kodwa futhi e-Turkey, okuyinto, by the way, le phrojekthi akuyona ikakhulukazi ithandiwe. Yena kwakufanele futhi manje 'wazo "izithakazelo igesi." Noma kunjalo, Turkey azinikeze imvume yokwenza lo msebenzi "South Stream wegesi." Bulgaria kwaba ephuzwini elilandelayo umzila. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba iphayiphi luyofika usebe lwawo ngasemzini Varna. Kuleli qophelo, iphayiphi igesi "South Stream", ibalazwe okuyinto wawungekona kangako kwezomnotho njengoba zezombusazwe, sazithela phezu isithiyo. Kodwa ngalolo ngezansi.

I-Russian ingxenye yephrojekthi

Ukuze Southern Europe "Russian" fuel blue wathola, kwakudingekile ukwakha ezimbili namakhulu isigamu emakhilomitha iphayiphi ukuya esiteshini compressor. Itholakala ngasemzini Anapa. "INingizimu Stream" lapha kwaba ukusebenzisa eduze ngaphansi kolwandle. "Russian" kubhekwa enamandla kunazo compressor esiteshini. Kuyoba ukumpompa amabhiliyoni ama-63. Amamitha Cubic gas ngonyaka. Ngokusho idatha ibalwa, kumayelana eziyishumi amaphesenti funa European. Ukuze ogwini Bulgarian ipayipi kwakudingeka 'Gazprom "ukwakha bebodwa. Ngokulandelayo, ukwakhiwa baqhubeka inkampani joint, lapho kwadingeka esigxotsheni amaphesenti amahlanu. imisebenzi Land Kwakuseshwa. Kodwa ipayipi-laying phansi olwandle okulahlekile ngenxa ukubambezeleka nge izimvume yokubhalisa. Bulgaria "South Stream", ngakolunye uhlangothi, benganamukeli, ngakolunye - ayikwazanga ezingqubuzana European Commission, okuyinto ine umbono okunye. Nokho "Gazprom" Uchubeka nekwakha. Welding okuqala isenezinyanga lapho zihlukana khona okwesibhakabhaka Umthambo senzeka umkhathi samaholide 7 Disemba 2012. Njengoba CEO kusho inkampani, kwetfula iphrojekthi endaweni, Tkachenko: "South Stream" (Pipeline) Anapa ezifudumele. It inikeza amathuba ukuthuthukiswa aseYurophu kuphela kodwa futhi Krasnodar Territory. "

EYurophu nase-"South Stream"

ibalazwe Pipeline umxhwele ngisho abantu, kancane ababeyizazi nakwezomnotho Yiqiniso, walwazisa abaholi EU. AmaNtaliyane kuyizinto zokuqala emsebenzini. Ukukhathazeka Lwabo "Eni sika" kanye "Gazprom" sekuqalile ukuklama ibalulekile ipayipi yaseYurophu. Framework memorandamu waphetha ngo-2007. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lowacala umsebenti omkhulu yezingxoxo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngo-2008, Bulgaria wajoyina le phrojekthi. "INingizimu Stream" ukunikeza wakhe nge ithuba elihle kakhulu nokwandisa isabelomali. I inzuzo ukuthi izwe ekugcineni uphuthelwe, kulinganiselwa ngaso Dollars bhiliyoni 400.. Ngawo lowo nyaka, Serbia akushilo ukuthi liphinde igesi kunesidingo. "INingizimu Stream" bese unquma ukuchitha on insimu yalo. Izwe esayinwe "Gazprom" sivumelwano ukuthi ipayipi ingxenye kuyinto inkampani yethu. izivumelwano ezifanayo sekufinyelelwe kuso namanye amazwe (ngo-2009 - ne Slovenia, ngo-2010 - Croatia). Ngesikhathi esifanayo emsebenzini wajoyina Austria neFrance. Lesi sakamuva banquma ukutshala imali ekwakhiweni iphayiphi igesi "South Stream". Le phrojekthi nenkampani enkulu kunazo zonke wahamba wahlanganyela amandla, «Électricité de France». Ngo ngomklamo ofanayo ukwakhiwa ngonyaka esasayinwa Greece, iSerbia Bulgaria. "INingizimu Stream", ngokuvumelana nomqondo, kwakuwukuba ngihlanganise ama-ke ezweni main - a zokuthutha. Kuyo, futhi waba Snag ezinkulu, okuyinto eminyakeni embalwa ezitholwa yilabo abahlala akakuthandanga iphrojekthi.

Inkathazo lokuqala

Qala nokuphikiswa engenangqondo sabekwa ngo-2011. UKhomishane waseYurophu u for Energy waxwayisa obala Ukraine ukuthi ngemva kokudalwa kanye nokwethulwa "South Stream" operation, kuleli zwe izohlala esephelelwe umsebenzi. Akuseyona ipayipi izosetshenziswa yezokuthutha. Oettinger uye belulekwa neziphathimandla Ukrainian "ukuyekisa eRussia kusukela le phrojekthi." Naphezu kwalezo zimo, umzila "South Stream" wegesi kwenzeke ukubambisana ezifanele. Ngemva kokumenyezelwa izinhloso yezwe, ngaphambilini kufakwe iphrojekthi, waqala siyophetha ngenkulumo "Gazprom" izivumelwano nokulethwa Igesi yemvelo. Nakuba Russian Federation kwadingeka ukuba acindezele amazwe aseYurophu. Dmitry Medvedev kokuba owayengumongameli waseRussia ngaleso sikhathi, ubambe izingxoxo nezinhlaka umlingani wakhe Turkish. Ngokusho imiphumela, waveza umbono wokuthi iphrojekthi kungashintshwa. Ngisho ngemva kwayo kwaba khona umqondo wokuthi ungakwazi ukuqondisa kabusha ukugeleza Turkey, okuyinto akalona ilungu European Union.

wesithathu Energy Iphakheji

Esinye isithiyo esingenza Ukuthwala aphume imisebenzi kwaba umthetho EU. Iqiniso lokuthi emakethe amandla kuyi-Union kunalokho "wahlukana." Inani ezingeni Kumiswa ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo ngqo umphakeli umthengi. Lokhu kuholela kulokho kudideka emakethe. I-EU usefunde eziningi imithetho, owaziwa ngokuthi "lwesithathu amandla iphakethe", eklanyelwe kukhulula kuhwebelana isimo amandla. Bona ukwehlukana abahlinzeki kanye namazwe zokuthutha umphakathi ukuthi ukhule. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana "Gazprom", ngokusho le mibhalo yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ukwakha igemfe, amaphesenti ayisihlanu izindleko elalingelamaFilisti kuye. Iphakheji wamukelwa ngonyaka 2009. Nokho, kamuva ngemvume yesivumelwano sokuqala on ukuthuthukisa "South Stream". Lapha kwakukhona icala lomthetho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphrojekthi angawi ngaphansi Okwesithathu Energy Iphakheji, ngakolunye uhlangothi - European Commission Akalivumelanga ukuqala, ngenxa yokuthi waphula imithetho yamukelwa ke.

Sakha, futhi - ngendlela ofuna

Nokho, elaseRussia akazange amshiye iphrojekthi inzuzo. On indawo kwalo wonke umsebenzi kuhlelwe ngesikhathi ukuba wasungula 'eNingizimu Stream ". Anapa iphayiphi, isibonelo, wahlangana ngokujabula. Akukhona lokho kuphela, eduze nedolobha yamisa ibhizinisi sina, ukwakha amathuba emisebenzi emisha, ngakho ngaphezulu kanye nemizana esizungezile unikezwe igesi yemvelo. Isifunda basungula i project afanele gasification. Ezinye izinguquko ezinhlelweni waqala ukuthatha ukuma ngo-2014. Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa eCrimea ne Russia izinkampani igesi waqala ukuthola indlela lesi senzakalo zingathinta nomsebenzi wabo. Iqiniso ukuthi (cishe amakhilomitha) ezijulile-laying - i ibhizinisi ezibizayo. Uma ipayipi phambili kwi insimu YaseCrimea, naselwandle, izophila ku iziza ezincane. Lokhu kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko zalo msebenzi. Sekuvele nezokusigcoba kakhulu ngenxa ukunqunywa unswinyo, yalahla iRussia.

Konke yaphela Bulgaria

Ngu uqobo, umsebenzi ku-ukudalwa umsebenzi obalulekile ezifana liyinkimbinkimbi futhi egcwele zonke izinhlobo ubuqili kanye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Sidinga ukuvumelana eziningi izinkinga ohulumeni lamazwe iqhaza ukuthola izimvume, thola imali nokunye. Konke lokhu "Gazprom" osekwenziwe. Ngaphambi nje kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwadingeka sithole imvume evela emazweni esibé iba nzima kuleli izimo yalesibhicongo Ukrainian kwaqubuka. Kodwa Austria nakwamanye amazwe we "creaking" ngemvume wonke amaphepha adingekayo. Kwema iphayiphi igesi "South Stream" Bulgaria. Ngemva kwezingxoxo ezinde bese bevumelana lizwe enganikanga imvume yakhe. ukwenqaba Bashukunyiselwa e okufanayo Okwesithathu Energy Iphakheji. UMongameli Bulgaria wayesesimweni esimenza abe nzima. Izwe njengoba ilungu le-European Union, ubophekile ukuba silalele imithetho yakhe futhi nezidingo zokuphatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - izinzuzo ekuqaleni sobala kubo bonke. Bulgaria wenze ukukhetha yayo, adikile inzuzo yezinto zokuhamba. Imibhalo ziyabonisa futhi imvume yayo ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa, ayizange ngemvume. Lo mcimbi akwenzekanga Wawugujelwani ukwamukelwa of uMongameli isinqumo Russian wagumbuqela inkambo imicimbi. It ebangele resonance ububanzi futhi ikhanda ngokuba ezinegunya we-European Commission kanye nje kuphela.

Ukuvala le phrojekthi. Yini okulandelayo?

Ngakho woza December 1, 2014. Phakathi nokuhambela kwakhe Turkey, uMongameli we Russian Federation, kanye ngokushaya uzakwabo osebenza kuleli zwe aphethe wenza isitatimende. IYurophu lalibekwe phambi Empeleni. Le phrojekthi ivaliwe. Awekho amalungiselelo ungazange wasebenza Russian Federation. Buyela "South Stream" ngeke. Kodwa kuthiwani ngalabo kungukuthi kuqhathaniswa isakhiwo sayo, owayesebenza kanye "Gazprom" kuyo yonke leminyaka? Putin wamemezela ukuthi zonke amabhiliyoni ama-63. Amamitha Cubic gas Siyonikwa Turkey. Ingxenye it is futhi ngeke aphele. Kulabo ngesifiso ukuba namanje ukuthenga igesi ihabhu Russian iyokwakhiwa emngceleni Turkey bese kuba iGrisi. Kuphela manje, ukwakhiwa ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana isibe umthengi ikhanda. Okungukuthi, Russian Federation wavumelana Third Energy Iphakheji. Lapho baseYurophu kuzothatha imali i ukwakhiwa ezibizayo esinjalo, kuba okwabo. Ngakho, esikhathini esizayo, Turkey iyoba lizwe ukuba sendleleni esiyinhloko kokunikeza igesi yemvelo ukuze EU. Iqiniso liwukuthi izwe ihlelelwe ubambe iphayiphi igesi "Nabucco". Le phrojekthi, wadala ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-United States enye "South Stream". Phela le mpikiswano futhi izinkulumo, ngenxa intransigence we-European Commission, ingxenye amazwe aseningizimu Union hhayi kuphela ngaphandle gas, kodwa amathemba ezingacacile ethola maduze. Wonke lo msebenzi kwaba yize. Kumele uqale inqubo ukuxoxisana kabusha. Futhi lapha futhi kufika okhethweni ngesiGreki, kanye ngangokunokwenzeka, ngesikhathi. Ngo-January 2015-ke iwine ubunye zezombusazwe zalo SYRIZA, ukumemezela ophumayo wezwe kusukela EU. Uma kuwukuthi inhloso yabo ukuletha icala ngaphambi, isikhundla amazwe lwaseningizimu yeYurophu kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu.

Noma kunjalo, lo msebenzi "amapayipi" South Stream "ivaliwe. Manje konke wenziwa okuxoxiswene nabanye ukuba sendleleni - umthengi. Kube iphrojekthi entsha. It wanquma ngokuthi "Ukusakaza-Turkish". Liyini ikusasa kuye?