Inqubomgomo waseRussia angaphandle ekhulwini le-17: izinkomba main, izinjongo, imiphumela

Emlandweni wezwe lethu of XVII ekhulwini kuyingqopha-mlando ebalulekile kakhulu, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona izenzakalo eziningi yathonya ukuthuthukiswa alandelayo isimo. Okwakubaluleke ngokukhethekile kwaba inqubomgomo angaphandle Russia ekhulwini le-17, kusukela ngo-ngaleso sikhathi kwakunzima kakhulu ukuze aphebeze izitha eziningi ngesikhathi esifanayo nokugcina amandla umsebenzi yasekhaya.

Yini kunqunywa isimo sengqondo zezombusazwe?

Ngokuvamile, izidingo amasiko, lempi kwezomnotho kunquma ukuthuthukiswa okwalandela wezwe lakithi e lawo makhulu eminyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubomgomo angaphandle of Russia ngekhulu le-17 kwaba bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni izinselelo ababhekana nazo izikhulu zikahulumeni ngalezo zikhathi ezinzima.

imisebenzi esemqoka

Okokuqala, kwakudingeka masinyane ibuyela wonke amazwe abantu abaye balahlekelwa yizo ngenxa yalolu Nezinkinga. Okwesibili, laphambi kwababusi wezwe kwadingeka umsebenzi ukuxhuma emuva zonke izindawo ukuthi uma beniyingxenye omunye Kyivan Rus. Yiqiniso, ngezindlela eziningi they guided anisoze kuphela imibono kwenzeke lokhu abantu kanye ahlukaniswe, kodvwa uphindze abe nesifiso ukwandisa inani umhlabathi olimekayo futhi inani bentela. Uma sikubeka kalula, inqubomgomo Russian angaphandle kwekhulu le-17 yayihloselwe ekubuyiseleni ubuqotho wezwe.

Isifo usekela kunzima kakhulu ukuba athi izwe: yengcebo wawungenalutho, abalimi abaningi bempofu ukuze nje babe akunakwenzeka ukuthatha intela. Ithola ezweni elisha, hhayi laphangwa nabasePoland, ezongenza hhayi kuphela ukubuyisela isithunzi zezombusazwe Russia, kodwa futhi ubuyise igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini yayo. Ngokuvamile, kwaba main Inqubomgomo Russian angaphandle ekhulwini le-17. Ithebula (10 ekilasini esikoleni kumele bazi kahle), unikezwa kamuva kulesi sihloko, ibonisa global kakhulu injongo yawo.

Ukufinyelela kolwandle

ukuqaliswa sabo sibaluleke kakhulu ukuba kundawo kuya Black futhi Baltic iziLwandle. Okokuqala, ukuba khona kwalezi izindlela ezongenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga nokuqinisa isibopho kwezomnotho kanye naseYurophu, emisa ukulethwa kwezimpahla akuyona kuphela ezingavamile, kodwa futhi ubuchwepheshe, izincwadi kanye nezinye izinto ezingase ukusiza ukuqeda ukuliyeka wemboni wezwe ezimbonini.

Ekugcineni, kwase kuyisikhathi sokwenza isinqumo sokuthi ngokuthile YaseCrimea khan: izwe ezingahloniphekile ezinkulu ngesikhathi ahlupheke ekuhlaselweni kwanoma iyiphi 'melkotravchatomu "sizana of kombusi Turkish. Nokho, ungakhohlwa nempinda ubudala mayelana ibutho iphepha kanye nemihosha ... Ngale ndlela senza ayenensada nobunzima.

ngasempumalanga

Akufanele sibakhohlwe futhi ukuthi inqubomgomo angaphandle of Russia ekhulwini le-17 kakhulu waphishekela umgomo wokwandisa kuya eMpumalanga yezwe enombono ukuqhubeka nokuxhashazwa bezwe.

Ikakhulukazi, ukuthekelisa kwakudinga omningi fur Sable, esasetshenziswa esikhangisweni se emhlabeni isidingo Amazing. Inkinga nje ukuthi ukuthi engxenyeni European yezwe lezi zilwane ezibalulekile babe ubudala edlule povybity. Ekugcineni, it is kakhulu adingekayo kuphela ukuze lufinyelele iPacific setha kuso umngcele ongokwemvelo. Futhi omunye. Izwe siswele "amakhanda enobudlova" Hack okwakukhona into edabukisayo. Kwanqunywa abantu amaningi asebenzayo, kodwa elinezinkathazo ukuthumela eSiberia.

Lokhu ukuzixazulula izinkinga ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa: isimo isikhungo ukuhlukana "izakhi engathandeki", futhi umngcele kuyinto eqashwe amasosha ngeso elibukhali. Yilokho kwaba Inqubomgomo waseRussia angaphandle ekhulwini le-17. Ithebula izokubonisa imisebenzi eyisisekelo ukuthi kwadingeka ke ukunquma.

Inxanxathela kwaba Inqubomgomo waseRussia angaphandle ekhulwini le-17. Ithebula ubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi musa ukwenza noma yikuphi eyishumi olulodwa, impumelelo ehambisana nesimo sethu akukhona ngaphandle izimpi njalo.

Yikuphi uvinjelwe ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinkulu?

Lowo oyinhloko wayengekho ngisho imisebenzi ye "abangane okuphakade" lapho sibhekene UK neFrance, futhi backwardness ayo zobuchwepheshe. NeYurophu eyalandela, Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu, War, ephethwe uhlaziye ngokuphelele imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwezikhali Iinhlangano amabutho empini, kanye amacebo kwesicelo sabo. Ngakho, i-main isiteleka amandla usuphinde elihamba, okuyinto njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphela wonke uMbuso WamaRoma babebaningi izindima senceku. Esebenzisa kuluqinisa basungula uye wakwenza ngalezo zinsuku wezikhali regimental.

Backwardness e ezindabeni zezempi

Futhi lapha uye ekhuluphalisiweyo Inqubomgomo waseRussia angaphandle ekhulwini le-17. Ithebula (Ibanga 7 Kumelwe ukwazi isikhundla yayo eziyisisekelo) yalesi show abakwazi, kodwa ibutho wayebuthakathaka kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezweni lethu umgogodla amabutho ahlomile kuze kube manje kwaba mabutho ahlukile. Ukubhekana izinsalela kanye zidlamlilo anamandla ayengakwenza impumelelo, kodwa emhlanganweni ne ibutho France efanayo kwakuyoba cishe ziye ilinde lapho ulahlekelwe okuthile okuyigugu.

Ngakho, umgomo waseRussia angaphandle ekhulwini le-17 (a echaza emfushane) wawutholakala ikakhulu eliqondiswe ekusungulweni ka lempi evamile, ezohwebo kanye apharathasi zokuphatha nakwezombusazwe.

Ezindabeni izikhali

Izwe omkhulu kuncike kakhulu ukungenisa kwezikhali. Backwardness e-Egiloni, namasu kanye izikhali kuhlelwe ukuqeda nge olunzulu yokungenisa izikhali European silwenza, kanye ukubandakanywa izikhulu enkonzweni. Konke lokhu kuphumela hhayi kuphela emalini imibuso emikhulu kwesikhathi, kodwa futhi kuyabiza kakhulu kuleli zwe.

Ngakho, umgomo waseRussia angaphandle ekhulwini le-17 (iziqondiso main zazo simchazela) yasungulwa on indida: kulolu hlangothi, akekho bangabaza isidingo nempi baseYurophu. Ngakolunye - ukuthi babe ukuthenga izikhali ezibizayo kanye nezinhlamvu ongadalwa amandla ezempi kanye nezomnotho namandla Izwe Elidala, kodwa buthaka kakhulu eRussia, kakade Nezinkinga ezingaphili.

Ngakho, ngosuku olwandulela etafuleni kubhekiselwe kuyo impi Russian-Polish kwadingeka achithe eziningi zegolide. Ngo iNetherlands kanye neSweden, yathengwa okungenani 40 000 muskets futhi inkulungwane 20 amakhilogremu neziqhumane okukhethayo. Le mali akuyona esingaphansi 2/3 izikhali elihamba phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo iqhubeka kwandise izingxabano ku ingxenye Sweden, ehlanganisa ukufinyelela hhayi kuphela oLwandle iBaltic, kodwa futhi ziyaqhubeka bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli emazweni Russian.

Indlela yezwe enkundleni ngamazwe

Kakhulu kabi yokuthi eNtshonalanga, eRussia ibonwa kuphela njengenhlangano emuva kakhulu, izwe "zobuqaba", ogama indawo kukhonjelwe ukunwetshwa saziso, kanye labantu Kwahlelwa ingxenye sokwetshisa. Kukho konke, konke zaziyigolide, zilungisiwe isiphetho esidabukisayo amaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika.

Ngakho, kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini kwakukhona Inqubomgomo eqinile Russian angaphandle ekhulwini le-17. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ke yayihloselwe "Cutting ngefasitela", okuyinto kamuva uPetru. backwardness kwezomnotho nakwezempi kodwa kwanhlanga ngenxa banal inyumbazane indawo njengoba zihlobene nokumiswa ubudlelwane evamile wema esinamandla isithiyo-Turkish-Polish-Swedish.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana izingobe njalo abathengisi isiNgisi, ongazange zijabulela uthole esincintisana enamandla ezindabeni kwezohwebo. Zonke lezi ukuphikisana zingalungiswa, kodwa kuphela ngokwakha abaningi nesandla esinamandla breaking ngokusebenzisa ukuhweba futhi ukuvinjelwa kwezomnotho.

Nakhu inqubomgomo eziyisisekelo angaphandle Russia ekhulwini le-17. Kafushane nje, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu abeke ku West, lapho konke kusobala ukuthi wayenomuzwa ukusongela kwempi.

Impi ohlangothini entshonalanga

Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba iqiniso lokuthi 1632, ngokushesha ngemva kokufa ka Sigismund III, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Kwagqashuka impi sekubuyeketwa Deulino izivumelwano. Umbangeli wezwe lakithi ukwenze. Ngeshwa, amabutho yayithathwe ukungalingani. Ngokuvamile, inqubomgomo waseRussia angaphandle ekhulwini le-17 (isifinyezo esiye kakade wakhuluma) kungaphumelelanga ngenxa yokungapheleli okwedlulele we zokuphatha, lempi nakwezombusazwe amabutho.

Nazi isibonelo ezisobala kakhulu futhi ecasulayo. Ngenxa ezimbi kakhulu zamanxusa Polish King Vladislav wakwazi ngixhumane YaseCrimea AmaTatar. Slow ibutho isiRashiya, okwakubekelwa eliholwa M. Shein babegqoka abantu servicemen. Lapho bezwa ukuthi amaTatar waqala forays njalo zize kuleli zwe, bamane eshiya ibutho lempi, uya ukuvikela izigodi zabo. Konke lokhu yaphela nezwe ngemvume Polyanovskiy.

Poland kwadingeka abuyele lonke izwe ezanqotshwa ekuqaleni kwempi, kodwa Korol Vladislav sazilahla ngokuphelele noma isiphi isimangalo yesihlalo sobukhosi isiRashiya, futhi umhlaba. Ukunqotshwa kwe-umbusi kwathiwa sinecala M. Shein futhi A. Izmailov, kamuva anqunywe ikhanda. Ngakho, inqubomgomo Russian angaphandle yekhulu le-17 kuze akuyona indlela enhle kakhulu kithi.

Insimu manje eyi-Ukraine

Ngesikhathi esifanayo waphula yavelonkhe yenkhululeko endaweni manje eyi-Ukraine. Ngo-1648, ngalezo izingxenye waphula omunye lokho kuvukela, okwakumele izimo okungabekezeleleki for labantu Orthodox, abahlala endaweni e-Commonwealth.

I zibangelwa Zaporozhye Cossacks. Ngokuvamile, base ukuphila okuhle kakhulu: ukuvikela ngale Poland kusukela kuphangwa okufanayo YaseCrimea AmaTatar, bathola umvuzo ehloniphekile (singabali kusukela onakala pi). Kodwa nabasePoland akakuthandanga kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi Cossacks wathatha zaba izigaba zalo iyiphi inceku nombaleki futhi ze dazula emuva kwakhe. Yaqala methodically "crackdown", ukusikeka abakhululekileyo nabayizigqila Cossack. Kwaholela kwaqubuka ukuvukela ngokushesha Bogdan Khmelnitsky.

I ukuphumelela nokwehluleka amavukelambuso

Ngo-December 1648 amabutho akhe matasa Kiev. Ngo-August wangonyaka uyalilandela ngemvume isivumelwane sabo. Basinike ngoba ukwanda isibalo Cossacks "isikhulu", lapho iziphathimandla babengenalo izikhalazo, kodwa uhlu impumelelo iphelile.

Khmelnitsky wayeqonda ukuthi ukungabi nabulungisa ngeke ukwazi ukuyilungisa ngaphandle usizo lwangaphandle. Lomuntfu kuphela umfelandawonye kwaba Russia, kodwa amandla alo akuyona zasizakala kakhulu ukulwa, njengoba kwakudingeka isikhathi ukuqedela kabusha yempi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, nabasePoland akakuvumelanga ukuthula okuyihlazo; kakade 1653 lezo zihlubuki zazishaye phansi esongelwa yokuqothulwa.

Russia ayikwazanga uvumele lokhu. Ngo-December 1653-ke yasayina isivumelwano phezu kokuhlanganiswa yamazwe Ukraine neRussia. Yiqiniso, ngokushesha ngemuva izwe wahudulwa ibe impi entsha, kodwa imiphumela yaba ingcono kakhulu ubudala.

Yilokhu Waphawuleka inqubomgomo angaphandle of Russia ekhulwini le-17. Izikhombisi-main, izinjongo, imiphumela yayo ingatholakala kulesi sihloko.