"Izimpisi Doenitz 'ngwenya noMbuso Wesithathu

Inani le imizila olwandle seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ayikwazi overestimated. Kusukela ngo-1939, umbuzo ukunikezela amabutho, ukulethwa aid lempi, ukudla, okokubasa, imithi nezinye izinto amasu zikuthinta ngokuqondile ikhono UK ukuze simelane ukuhlaselwa iJalimane lamaNazi.

Kusukela 1941, Unikeza Ubufakazi-zokuqashisa kokuphindela eSoviet Union ngaleso impi ukumcasula Hitler, futhi wenza konke ukuze avimbele ngohide enyakatho belibangise Murmansk futhi Arkhangelsk. Indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke kule mpi kudlalwa Luftwaffe izindiza nemikhumbi-ngwenya ka-Third Reich.

Indima ngwenya yaseshashalazini asolwandle kwemisebenzi lempi Kulinganiselwa phakathi neminyaka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Naphezu kokungapheleli base lobuchwepheshe, main izixazululo lobuchwepheshe eziye isisekelo amasampula yesimanje ezakhiwa ngesikhathi. Ngemva kokunqotshwa eJalimane ilahlekelwe ilungelo ukuba ujatshulelwe a lasolwandle agcwele, futhi eminyakeni eyalandela yekuma ndzawonye kwakungelona ngokuvumelana naloko kuzinikezela.

Nokho, kwakukhona abantu ukuphupha kumeshi. U-Erich Raeder, hero ulwandle izimpi, kanye Admiral, owaba yisikhonzi emva ukwesula impikiswano somanduleli wakhe Adolf Zenker, ekusithekeni athuthukile uhlelo lokuvuselelwa Kriegsmarine.

Imikhumbi-ngwenya ka-Third Reich ngokusemthethweni isihlawulelo ukulwa komsebenzi ngemva kuka-1935. ISivumelwano SaseVersailles ne acquiescence kwemibuso yaseYurophu beyingavumelekile, futhi isikhundla sakhe kwakunokwenzeka ukuziba kakade. Ehlobo lika ngonyaka ofanayo, eLondon, eJalimane nase-United Kingdom yasayina isivumelwano yokuqeda imikhawulo tonnage ngokuba Navy-German.

Esinye isenzakalo esiyingqopha-ngo-1935, okuyinto abasazisi ngesikhathi ochwepheshe ezempi: ngwenya ka-Third Reich wafika ukuphathwa Admiral Doenitz. Lokhu umkhuzi abanamakhono oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, ihlonishwe futhi abathandwa amatilosi isiJalimane, namanje ukudala izinkinga eziningi.

Ngu ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II zonke ngwenya oMbusi zahlukaniswa emahlangothini amathathu: ezinkulu (displacement of 600-1000 m), eliphakathi (740 m) kanye Shuttle (250 m). Babembalwa ngesibalo, njengengxenye Kriegsmarine babe amayunithi 46 kuphela. Doenitz awuzange udangele, wayazi mayelana amathuba of the shipyards German futhi wayazi ukuthi wenza amakhono kungcono, kunokuba inombolo.

Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, 22-ngwenya elibizwa ngokuthi iguqulwe ukuze afeze kuphangwa olwengeziwe. Ubuholi German waqonda kwesiphetho ezingqubuzana US, futhi silungele ukusika izindlela ulwandle ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic. Ngemva kwalokho Awemikhumbingwenya 3 kwamaNazi kwenziwe ukusebenza kwakwakhiwa eduze East Coast.

Ukuphumelela le ngwenya esikhathini sokuqala empini ngenxa ukusetshenziswa amaqhinga amasha, i-ezazingaziwa futhi yasungulwa Karlom Denitsem. Waqamba igama layo ngwenya yakhe uxhumano "Impisi amaphakethe", futhi kungani leso senzo sabo kuyinto ngempela kufanelekile ku leso sithombe.

A imikhumbi yayivimbile ka eBritish Isles idale usongo ngqo kakhulu ukuba khona lo muzi, ingasaphathwa ubuhlobo baso amakoloni. Ehlobo lika-1940, nsuku zonke waya phansi isitsha 2-3, izinyanga eziyisikhombisa Doenitz ngwenya yacwila 343 yomthengisi amayunithi zasolwandle. UWinston Churchill ngemva kwempi kulinganiselwa isimo ngisho njengoba ezibucayi ezingaphezu kuka umphumela emoyeni "Battle of Britain".

Ukuze kuliwe nobungozi levela ekujuleni kolwandle, wasiza entsha acoustic futhi sonar imishini enziwe eMelika anobudlova, kufika navies eBrithani-USSR. Imikhumbi-ngwenya ka-Third Reich waqala ukuba zilimale sina, futhi darnel "Doenitz Izimpisi" baba entweni Kamikaze Japanese.

Phakathi 1939 futhi 1162 ngwenya ngisemsebenzini German ekhiqizwa nenani okuyisibonelo Imininingwane zezisebenzi ukuba 40 ayizinkulungwane. YoMuntu ngonyaka 1945-th. Bangaphezu kuka-30 eziyinkulungwane. Abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya-German wathatha yokufa kabuhlungu ngo "yensimbi amabhokisi" yabo. On olwandle babe 790 ngwenya, Admiral Doenitz, owashonelwa kule mpi esabekayo amadodana amabili nomshana.