Inqubo zomthetho. Ukuphenywa ingozi emsebenzini

Ngo senqubo yokukhiqiza of omunye wabasebenzi ibhizinisi okungenzeka bahlukunyezwe, okuvame ukuholela a imiphumela edabukisayo kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi isenzakalo esinjalo siyisivikelo umqondisi wemfanelo wenhlangano. Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ngalokho ukucabangela uhlelo ngezinto ezinjalo. Lesi simo, ngenxa lapho isisebenzi lithole ukulimala somzimba uyakuba necala ekuqhutshweni ayimpoqo. Kufanele kube ngendlela enqunyiwe futhi ube inqubo esiqinile. Ukuphenywa izingozi emsebenzini futhi imithetho - isihloko lesi sihloko.

Ukuhambisana nesikhathi

Tinchubo aphenya izingozi emsebenzini ibekwe kafushane lapha ngezansi. Kodwa okokuqala kumelwe bathi isihloko sihambisana kakhulu emphakathini wanamuhla zomsebenzi. Industrial ukulimala namuhla izinhlangano Russian - ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Ihlekelele kumkhakha wetemnotfo kunomthelela omubi kwezemvelo kanye umsebenzi. Mhlawumbe liphinde yokuthi amabhizinisi amaningi namuhla, asikho isiyalo efanele nokuhleleka.

Ukuphenywa ingozi emsebenzini - inkinga, okuyinto nikela wokulandisa yabo abalobi abaningi Russian. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha komthetho wezabasebenzi ngokuvamile abhekisela eziphathelene nezindaba okukhulunywa ngazo kulesi sihloko ku Emzamweni wokuqinisa ukuphepha kwe umsebenzi futhi zenze ngcono isimiso sokuthutha lokuvikela nokuqeda imiphumela izingozi. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya ukulimala emsebenzini zinto ezilandelayo zihlonzwe entailing eziphuthumayo:

• buthaka ukunakwa womqashi ngcono kanye sesimanje inqubo ukukhiqizwa;
• kwemigomo ye imishini wokulungisa;
• amaphutha ngokuziphatha izinqubo zobuchwepheshe;
• kwamaphutha e lezisekelo wezomthetho kanye nokulawulwa.

Imigomo Nezindlela Izinhloso

Inqubo ukuphenywa kokuphulwa izingozi emsebenzini - kuba umcimbi linemigomo ezilandelayo:

• kutholakale imbangela yale ngozi;
• ukuhlonza izinyathelo ukubhekana izici ezaholela kwenzeka;
• setha abaphehla ukuhlukumeza;
• abenzi bokubi ukuba ubulungisa;
• ukukhipha izibonelelo kuya abathintekayo.

le kakhulu elithi "ingozi" futhi izindlela nokunciphisa imiphumela akhona akhona ku TC. The yisimiso lomcimbi okukhulunywa njengoba kulandela isigameko lapho isisebenzi kwesamba walimala, benza imisebenzi yabo.

Akunandaba kwenzeka lapho: ensimini ka umqashi, ngenkathi elandelayo ku kwezimoto zenkampani noma izindonga noma iyiphi enye inhlangano. Isisulu angase alimale futhi kwenye umsebenzi, egcwalisa oda kunaye. Kunoma ikuphi, kusobala ukuthi wasungula uhlelo kufanele ube nenqubo lokwenza ucwaningo izingozi emsebenzini. Kafushane singasho ukuthi umphumela wengozi kungaba isikhulu okwesikhashana noma unomphela ukukhubazeka kanye ngisho nalokhu kufa kwakhe. Ngakho uma ubhekene nesimo esinjena, umthetho unikeza izinyathelo ukuthi umqashi kumelwe nakanjani ukuthatha.

Ubani okungenzeka bahlukunyezwe kuleli yebhizinisi?

Ngo inqubo ukukhiqizwa ezingase zihileleke hhayi kuphela abasebenzi nabo umqashi isiphethe isivumelwano umsebenzi. On izakhiwo futhi abameleli mikhakha elandelayo:

• abantu ngubani uqeqesho;
• abafundi odlulayo umkhuba;
• abantu ethunyelwe inkampani ngenjongo occupational therapy;
• iziboshwa emsebenzini.

Yiziphi izisulu?

Ukuchaza umcimbi ewela ngaphansi isigaba wezingozi, Ubuye oda lalo. I ukuphenywa kokuphulwa engozini embonini ethile iqala ukusungulwa yokuthi le ngozi. Ukulimala kungadalwa:

• Umonakalo usisekela omunye umuntu;
• ukushaqeka ahlukahlukene ezishisayo;
• ukusha;
• esindayo noma ukukhanya frostbite;
• ominzayo;
• umuntu abanjwe ugesi;
• ukuchayeka ngokuqhubekayo emisebeni noma umbani;
• ukuqhuma;
• ingozi;
• ukubhujiswa isakhiwo.

Izici zophenyo

Ngenxa izinyathelo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, sanitary zokuvimbela kufakwe impilo kanye nokuphepha, ingozi ekulahlekelweni kwamandla ukusebenza kwabasebenzi ibhizinisi kuyehla kube okungenani. Yiqiniso, uma kuziwa inhlangano yenqubo zokusebenza, lapho bonke imithetho kuyagcinwa.

Kodwa ngisho ne kuhlelwe kahle ukuqeda eziphuthumayo kungenzeki ukusebenza. Ukuze ayisuse imiphumela yezenzakalo esinjalo elibekwe elihambisana oda. Ukuphenywa ingozi emsebenzini ephishekela izithakazelo esisemthethweni isisulu. Kusukela imiphumela yezinto ezingezinhle livikela iqoqo imithetho ekhethekile umshwalense. Lezi ziqondiso aye ayisebenzisa uma ukukhubazeka.

Inqubo ukuphenywa kokuphulwa izingozi emsebenzini kuhilela ikhomishana izenzo ezihlangabezana komthetho wezabasebenzi. Izidingo eziyisisekelo ezibekwe Art. 227-231 we RF LC. Imithetho ukuhlola ikhono ukusebenza, ukuhlobana nesifo nethonya izici ukukhiqizwa eziqukethwe yedolobha.

nezibopho umqashi

Phakathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi umqashi isitshalo kufanele aqinisekise abasebenzi yezokuphepha ukusebenza imishini, amabhilidi kanye nezakhiwo. Kumele kucinisekiswe ukuphepha izinqubo kanye namathuluzi, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa enhlanganweni. Imibhalo zokulawula kanye nangokushaywa kwemithetho ebekiwe imithetho isicelo kwezimali, okuyinto bayakwazi Ukuvikelwa collective ngabanye abasebenzi. Futhi, ziqukethe izidingo ukuthobela wezokuphepha emsebenzini zonke izindawo zokusebenza, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Umqashi kumele ulandele umsebenzi lonke abasebenzi. Ukwephulwa kungaholela ziwohloke elibukhali impilo isisebenzi, ukuthi uphenyo olwenziwa ngemva kwalokho, akungabazeki, ngeke kucatshangelwe. It is yisibopho umqashi kufakwe:

• kokuthengwa nokudilivwa izingubo ezikhethekile, izicathulo kanye izembatho zokuzivikela (Ukugeza zokuyithena ejenti noma abasebenzi abathintekayo emsebenzini nge izimo zokusebenza ezinobungozi futhi eziyingozi);
• indlela ephephile umsebenzi ukuqeqeshwa usizo lokuqala uma ingozi;
• ekuvimbeleni inqubo ukukhiqizwa umuntu, hhayi zokugcina ukuqeqeshwa pre-ukuthunyelwa ku ukuvikelwa zabasebenzi;
• isheke njalo ukusetshenziswa abasebenzi, ekuvikeleni collective ngabanye;
• inhlangano i ngihlolwa okungavamile, uma kunesidingo;
• ukususwa umsebenzi kusukela senqubo yokukhiqiza uma kwenzeka ukuthi akuzange kudlule luhlolo saziso kwelinye izikhungo zokwelapha;
• ukuhlinzekwa esiphezulu emizimbeni nabasebenzi inyunyana ukulawula yonke imibhalo kudingeka basebenze futhi uphenyo;
• ukuthatha izinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kugwemeke izingozi kanye nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo;
• ukuphenya zonke izingozi kanye nezigameko ukusakaza izifo ezihlukahlukene emsebenzini ngendlela ebekwe TC;
• ukuhlinzekwa ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa kanye zokuvimbela kanye nekuvikeleka kwetenhlalakahle yabasebenzi.

Ukuze athobele yonke le mithetho umqashi wemfanelo. Endabeni umcimbi esingalindelekile, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kukhona isisulu, Wothabatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• ukuhlela aid isisebenzi lokuqala noma aziyise isikhungo wezokwelapha uma kunesidingo;
• ukususa izinto esibuhlungu, ngaleyo ndlela ukuze ivikele ingozi nabanye abasebenzi;
• ukulondoloza ingashintshiwe isimo kule ndawo lapho lesi sigameko senzeke (uma lungenayo okusongela impilo yabanye).
• ukulungisa isimo (ukwenza isithombe, ngokurekhoda isiqophi):

amalungelo abasebenzi

I-oda uphenyo ekukhiqizeni ukukhanya ingozi isisulu ivumela isisebenzi ukubamba iqhaza kulo mcimbi. Isinqumo ukuthi zizokwenziwa, angakwazi njalo isikhalazo Labour Inspectorate noma izindikimba inyunyana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi ngamunye kufanele bazi ukuthi umqashi wakhe unesibopho iyiphi isenzakalo esingavamile, lapho yena walimala kanzima ekwenzeni umsebenzi umsebenzi. Ukuze izimo ezinjalo zihlanganisa izingozi ezenzeka ngezebhizinisi noma endleleni eya iyiphi enye inhlangano egameni ekuphathweni. Ukuqedwa imiphumela izingozi imoto, lapho umqashi isebenzisa ngezinhloso zasezimbonini, njengengxenye imisebenzi yakhe. Ngisho ukulimala elincane ngesikhathi sehlo kukhona izisebenzi zale nkampani, zidinga ukucabangela okukhethekile - ngokuvumelana scheme, equkethe inqubo uphenyo yokukhanya engozini embonini ethile.

Ngaphansi izigameko ezidinga ukubuyekeza saziso, ngokomthetho, ukuze baqonde ukuthi kungani kwakudingeka yimuphi umcimbi has ngisho ukulimala kancane omunye wabasebenzi kanye iphutha hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi enza imisebenzi umsebenzi, kodwa kuzo zonke ezinye izimo ezihlobene inqubo ukusebenza. Isisebenzi singase alimale ngesikhathi kulungiswa of imishini industrial, izingubo ezikhethekile lapho eshaweni ngemuva shift umsebenzi ngaphambili. Ukulimala lingatholakala futhi isikhathi esengeziwe. Zonke izimo ezinjalo zidinga kwenziwe uphenyo olunzulu. Yingakho zonke isisebenzi kufanele nakanjani uzijwayeze la malungiselelo zika normative kanye zomthetho, njenge:

1. Inqubo ukuphenywa kokuphulwa izingozi emsebenzini.

2. Amalungelo abasebenzi abathintekayo ekwenzeni imisebenzi umsebenzi.

Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana ekukhiqizeni

Ukuthuthukiswa izifo emsebenzini, ezithinta abantu abathintekayo eziyingozi, Akudingi uphenyo ekhethekile. Noma kunjalo, singaholela nokukhubazeka emsebenzini. Nokuthi zibangelwa yini lesi sifo: kokuziphatha, begazi, amakhemikhali, ngokomzimba. Ngokuvamile ahlupheke hhayi isisebenzi esisodwa can kuzo, kodwa ambalwa. Kodwa uphenyo singanikezwanga usesimweni esifana. izifo Occupational amiswa iziphathimandla zezokwelapha. izibopho walo mqashi zihlanganisa inhlangano i ngihlolwa okungavamile.

Ngengozi, ngemiphumela iNkampani izindikimba ezilawulayo oyoba nesibopho, yilezi:

• ukuzibulala
• ukufa yemvelo;
• uhlukunyezwe izenzo zobugebengu isisebenzi.

Kulokhu, uma umsebenzi kwaba lapho kuvezwa khona ukuthi udakiwe futhi kwalimala ngenxa odakiwe, icala lokhu umqashi. Lokho kumele yena, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, khipha umsebenzi onjalo emsebenzini. Uma akazange ukukwenza ngesikhathi, imiphumela kanye naye kufakazela umthwalo. Lena inqubo aphenya izingozi emsebenzini. Russia - izwe lapho impilo ivikelwe futhi umsebenzi isakhamuzi ngasinye. Okungenani, okungukuthi kodwa kungani pho kulotshwe kuMthethosisekelo. Abaqashi abaphathiswe umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu, okuyinto, ngenxa yokucabanga futhi izici kazwelonke yezakhamuzi isiRashiya, kubonakala ngezinye izikhathi ukucindezeleka akubekezeleleki. Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela futhi esinye isizathu ezingeni lelisetulu traumatism emahholo ukukhiqizwa.

Kobukhulu ingozi

Khetha kungaba izigaba ezimbili. Tinchubo aphenya ababelimele ezingozini ezimbi kakhulu emsebenzini obulandela ukukhiqizwa omunye ukulimala kwabasebenzi, okwaphumela ukukhubazeka noma ukufa. Okunye macala ahlobene esigabeni lula.

Izimpawu gravity ufanelekele ubunjalo umonakalo kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nalesi ukulimala. Uma isisulu kwadingeka iyiphi yizifo ezingamahlalakhona, kuba ngenxa yengozi kwayibhebhethekisa isimo sakhe sezempilo, leliqiniso bubhaliwe zathu ezivamile uphenyo. Ekunqumeni ngobucayi umonakalo empilweni kubalulekile isikhathi kuthatha umsebenzi ukuze siphinde sithole ukukwazi kwabo ukusebenza. Ukuze yokulimala noma yokufa komuntu emsebenzini umqashi wakhe kube nobulelesi akhokhe uma lesi sigameko umphumela ukwephula amalungelo ayisisekelo.

Iyini inqubo lokwenza ucwaningo izingozi emsebenzini? Okokuqala, kudingeka ukuphetha ebucayini. Lapho isicelo, ummeleli we-Commission of Inquiry, noma ukunakekelwa kwezempilo umqashi abasebenzi, lapho izinsuku ezintathu kungenzeka isisulu, ukunikeza idokhumenti ekhethekile. Kubo isifinyezo khulula. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi abasebenzi ambulensi akudingeki amandla anjalo. Bathi nje ukunikeza usizo lokuqala futhi akukho izitifiketi okuzokhishwa.

Ngo uchwepheshe emitholampilo ikhomishana kunqunywa kobukhulu ingozi nemiphumela yaso. Ngisho ukwephulwa ezincane zezempilo kumele kuvikelwe. Ukuze izimo lula zifaka:

• ukulimala, okwathi ngemva kwalokho isisebenzi ilahlekelwa ukukhubazeka isikhathi kuze kube izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha;
• ukulahlekelwa ikhono ukusebenza kungekho engaphezu kwengu-20% (isisulu ungawenza nge ukunciphisa umthamo umsebenzi okhokhelwayo nganoma 1/5 umthwalo odlule).

Njengezinye izinqubo eziningi bureaucratic, le ongelutho kunzima ukuqonda inqubo ukuphenywa kokuphulwa engozini embonini ethile. Imibhalo ehilelekile kuhlolwe Kulokhu, kuhlanganisa sebuningini amagama athile kanye nemibandela. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo wonke umuntu ukusebenza ukufunda imibhalo zomthetho ukuze ugweme nokwephulwa kwamalungelo akhe uma kwenzeka ingozi.

izifo ezinzima kuthiwa ehlala njalo disorder impilo kanye okuthiwa ukukhubazeka unomphela, ngolimi wabantu akutjho ilitho lokho njengoba ukukhubazeka.

izenzo igunya

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa sendlela umqashi kufanele athathe isinyathelo uma ingozi, kwathiwa ngenhla. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngemuva kwesigameko kufanele ngangokunokwenzeka ukwazisa izihlobo isisulu ngokushesha. Izinombolo zocingo abangane abaseduze ngayinye abasebenzi kusukela abakhulu kufanele kube atholakale ke uma eziphuthumayo.

Nge ingozi okuncane kumele atiswe ngaleso inyunyana and Labour UMnyango wezokuPhepha. Kwenze umqashi kufanele, kungakapheli amahora angamashumi amabili nane.

esigabeni

Inqubo ukuphenywa ezingozi encikene nokukhiqizwa, zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba eziningana. Endaweni yokuqala umqashi azisa kuziphathimandla ezifanele eziphuthumayo. Khona-ke, ikhomishana ezophenya, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ochwepheshe kutholakale imbangela yale ngozi futhi ubuhlobo baso ukukhiqizwa. Isigaba sokugcina - a imvume ingqikithi uphenyo bese elithumela kubo umbiko kwezibalo.

Ikhomishana kumele kube abantu abambalwa (ngokomthetho - okungenani ezintathu). Phakathi kwabo kufanele babekhona umuntu ohlinzeka ukungakhethi nobuchwepheshe bale uphenyo. Zingaba onguchwepheshe emkhakheni emsebenzini nokuphepha wasehhovisi noma umzimba inyunyana. Ukuze amabombo le khomishana okudalwe inelungelo kokubili umqashi kanye nommeleli wakhe. Nokho, kumele le khomishana bodokotela - okungukuthi, evunywe oda umqondisi wenkampani. abahlanganyeli e uphenyo alikwazi ukuba umuntu zokuphatha abahlole lesi sigameko senzeke kabani indawo.

Ngaphezu umqashi kanye esingenandaba abantu, ukuba kungenzeka ochwepheshe aqashwe a okusekelwe ezivumelwaneni bani, iKomitjhana ikatelelekile ukwethula umuntu Umele izindaba isisulu.

Kufanele futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi inqubo aphenya izingozi emsebenzini okufanele yenziwe uma lesi sigameko senzeke nge omunye wabasebenzi ezazithunywe ababaphethe kwenye inhlangano. IKomitjhana ikatelelekile ukwazisa umqashi likabani insimu yona isenzakalo esingavamile, ukuzimisela yayo. Ngaphansi uphenyo kahle lapho lesi sigameko senzeke. Isibopho yedwa ngumqashi isisulu.

Lo mcimbi, okwaholela kokulimala ebuhlungu abasebenzi, futhi lapho, ngasizathu simbe, umqashi hhayi limenyezelwe ngendlela esifike kuziphathimandla ezifanele, kubhekwe kusukela ngosuku nesitatimende isisulu ingakapheli nenyanga. Isimiso ukulinganiselwa into enjalo abuzange.

ingozi Group

On sehlo umqashi kumelwe ngishumayele emini emshikashikeni ukuhlolwa, ihhovisi lomshushisi, iziphathimandla esiphezulu, inhlangano ye zabasebenzi. Inqubo ukuphenywa kokuphulwa ingozi iqembu emsebenzini sibukeka cishe iyafana ukucabangela uhlelo yengozi ezinzima noma isehlakalo kwabangela ukufa ka esinye sezisebenzi.

Uma le ngozi yenzeke umkhumbi, uzokwaziswa kwenzeke isigameko, ihhovisi lomshushisi ezokuthutha sika. Umqashi ukudoba imikhumbi sikebhe umsebenzi abathintekayo sika iphoqelekile ukuba inikeze ulwazi emagunyeni ophethe izindawo zokudoba.

Umthetho woMnyango isiRashiya, isi-Belarusian futhi Ukrainian

Inqubo ukuphenywa yengozi kwezezimboni Russian Federation Kuningi ukufana okukhona phakathi ne izikimu, ezisetshenziswa mkhuba amabhizinisi of amazwe CIS. Umehluko abakhona, ngokuvamile kuphela kumagama. Wonkhe umcashi kufanele kube ujwayelene zonke amadokhumenti omthetho kanye izihloko abathintekayo kuleli cala. Ngokomthetho zabasebenzi Ukrainian, main wabo - inombolo oda 1232. Inikeza wokugcinwa amarekhodi ezingozi ezahlukene, izifo emsebenzini, kanye izingozi at simila. Inani 1232 sokwenza uphenyo izingozi emsebenzini ukuze - idokhumenti ngesisekelo lapho umqashi ubophekile ukuba athathe isinyathelo uma kwenzeka ingozi, lapho kwalimala omunye wabasebenzi bakhe noma iqembu lezisebenzi.

Ngokuqondene Umthetho woMnyango Belarusian, umehluko nge Russia esingaphansi ngisho kwaleso. Lapho izimo eziphuthumayo enikeziwe inqubo efanayo lokwenza ucwaningo izingozi emsebenzini. RB kulokhu has ngokuyisisekelo umthetho efanayo WaseRussia.