Injini YAMZ-236: izici, idivayisi, ukulungiswa

I-YaMZ-236 iyinjini ye-diesel evelele eyenziwe yiJSC Avtodizel, owayekade eyi-Yaroslavl Motor Plant. Le ndlela ene-V "eyisithupha" yathandwa eSoviet Union, futhi ngemva kokuqhekeka kwayo - nakuyo yonke i-CIS. Injini okwamanje isetshenziswe kwamaloli, amataretha futhi ahlanganisa. Itholakala ezimotweni ezinjengoMaz, KRAZ, URAL, ZIL, kanye nasematokisini K-700.

Abangane abasondelene kulo modeli yi-YaMZ-238 ye-cylinders engu-8 ne-YAMZ-240-12-cylinder. I-YaMZ-236 inezinhlelo eziningi zokuguqulwa ngezimali ezihlukene zamandla ehhashi.

Umlando wendalo

Ngama-1950, i-Yaroslavl Plant yathola umyalelo okhethekile wombuso wokudala izinjini eziwusizo ezinamandla kakhulu, okwakufanele kuthathe isikhundla se-YaAZ esiphelelwe yisikhathi. Lezi zinjini kwakudingeka zibe namandla kakhulu futhi zibe nezomnotho kunabokuqala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbuso wawufuna ukuthola i-ICE yonke, engasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukene yemoto.

Ngaphansi kokuhola komklami ovelele we-USSR kanye nososayensi ohlonishwayo uChersheshev GD, injini ye-YaMZ-236 yadalwa, kanye nalo lonke umndeni wezinjini ze-diesel ngaleso sikhathi. Wabuye waqala uchungechunge oluncane lwezingxenye zezinyunithi ze-KAMAZ.

Ngakho, i-ICE yazalwa, okuyinto kuze kube namuhla idume abaningi. Iqukethe amandla aphezulu, ukwethenjelwa, ukulungiswa okulula, ukugcinwa okulula, kanye nezinsimbi ezishibhile ezingezansi. Insiza enkulu nokulondoloza kuyamvumela ukuba akhonze njengokholo neqiniso iminyaka eminingi.

Ukukhiqiza okwamanje

Kuze kube yimanje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-YaMZ-236 kuyaqhubeka, nakuba sekuvele kulandelwa uJaMZ-530. Imikhiqizo yezimoto ezithengiswayo aziwi, kodwa ngenxa yezenzo zempi e-Ukraine, ukulethwa komhlangano wesitimela seKremenchug, owakhiqiza amaloli awaziwayo eKRAZ, wema. Yiqiniso, isitshalo se-Yaroslavl sashiya ingxenye yayo yokudayisa injini, kodwa lokhu akunciphisanga ukukhiqizwa.

Imininingwane kanye nedivayisi

Injini ye-YaMZ-236 inezici zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme kakhulu. Ifakwe ngamasilinda angu-6, ahambisanayo futhi anamazinga angama-90 angama-tilt. Amafutha athunyelwa ngqo kuma-cylinders, okungukuthi, umjovo oqondile. Ukucindezela kule injini kungumkhathi we-16.5. I-piston inebubanzi obuyi-130 mm esisekelo kanye no-140 mm kuyi-version yokulungisa, nge-stroke yayo engu-140 mm.

I-injini ifakwe ipompo ephezulu yokucindezela uphethiloli ohlobo lwama mechanical kanye nama-injection, okufakwa ngokuqondile ngqo kumlingo ngamunye. Iyunithi ngayinye yekhanda ine-valves ayisithupha - inlet ye-3 ne-outlet engu-3.

Uhlelo lokupholisa - uketshezi olwenziwe ngokuqhutshwa ngokuphoqeleka, olwenziwa ngepompo yamanzi. Ukushayela ibhande elijikeleza ipulane yepompo kusuka epulini ye-crankshaft.

Injini YMZ-236 inomthamo wamalitha ayi-11, amamitha kagesi avela ku-150 kuya ku-420 wamahhashi. Ezimodini zakamuva, yanyuka ibe yi-hp 500. Ngokuqondene nokwanda kwamanani ephethiloli, abakhiqizi be-YaMZ-236, abadla ama-40 amalitha ngamakhilomitha angu-100, banciphisa lesi sibalo ngamalitha angu-25.

Igumbi elikhulu lamandla lenziwa yensimbi yensimbi kuze kube ngu-2010, kwaze kwaba yilapho kunqunywe ukuyithumela ku-aluminium, kanye nekhanda le-cylinder. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukwenza inqubo yokulungisa nokubopha izintambo zezilinda, futhi ukuhlonipha kwacaca ngokwengeziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-unit yeyunithi ayizange ilahlekelwe amandla ayo yangaphambili.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-YaMZ-236 zibonisa ukuthi injini inomklamo olula, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa nokugcina.

Ukulungiswa

I-YaMZ-236, eguqulelwe ngesandla, idinga ithuluzi elikhethekile. Kuhlanganisa okuningi imisebenzi eminingi. Ake sicabangele izindlela eziyisisekelo okudingeka zenziwe:

• Ukulungiswa kwama-valve, okwenziwe nge-probe ekhethekile, eyenzelwe injini YMZ-236. Umhlangano wezimoto uvumela lokhu kusebenza ngokukhishwa kwekhava ye-valve.
• Ukulungiswa kwe-clutch, ngokuqondile le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukulinganisa. Iqhutshwa endaweni ekhethekile.
• Ukulungiswa kokunikezwa kwephethiloli ngokusebenzisa ipompo yokujoza.

Zonke izinguquko zenziwa kuphela ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwemoto, ngoba zidinga ithuluzi elikhethekile elinzima ukuthola egaraji.

Isevisi

Ukukhonza injini ye-diesel YaMZ-236 ilula, uma ukwazi nokuthi kufanele ukwenze kanjani. Ake sicabangele imisebenzi eyisisekelo ehlanganisiwe enkonzweni:

1. Ukushintsha kwamafutha. Ngokujwayelekile kule injini kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-lubricant for diesel engineshlobo lwe-M10G2K.
2. Ukufaka esikhundleni sezinto zokuhlunga. I-motor inezinhlanzi eziningana, ezifanele ukushintsha zonke izinkulungwane ezingu-15,000. Lokhu kuyisihlungi samafutha, isici sokuhlunga sokuhlanza amafutha ahlanzekile futhi amahle, ukukhishwa kits kuzo zonke izihlungi.
3. Ukulungiswa komjovo, ukukhuluma nje - izibhamu ezihlabayo.
4. Ukufakwa kwezimpahla ze- valve nesembozo se- cylinder. Kwezinye izimo, izinto zokugqoka ze-pallet ziyashintsha.
5. Ukumiswa noma ukukhishwa kwamabhande we-drive.

Lapha, ngokuyisisekelo, nayo yonke imisebenzi yesondlo, eyenziwa e-YaMZ-236. Konke okunye kuguquka ekulungiseni kwamanje nokuhleliwe.

Ukulungiswa

Ukulungisa injini ye-YaMZ-236 kwenziwa kuphela ezindaweni zokunakekela imoto, ngoba idinga imishini ekhethekile namathuluzi. Zihlanganisa lezi zindawo: ukudiliza nokuqoqa i-unit unit kanye nezakhi zalo, ukulinganisa, ukulungisa nokuhlola.

Imishini ekhethekile iyodingeka futhi:

• Umshini we-Boring-honing.
• Izinsiza zokugaya nokupholisa i-crankshaft.
• Hamba ngamanzi okugeza.
• Ama-Reamers for izihlalo ukugaya izihlalo valve.
• Imishini yokufakwa kokuqondisa ama-valve.
• Umshini wokukhipha umshini nokugaya.
• Hamba ukuhlanza ama-injection.
• Cindezela ukucindezela amabhethri nokufaka izinto ebhokisini.
• I-Argon welding, kwezinye izimo.
• Enye ithuluzi kanye nemishini ekhethekile yokulungisa ama-diesel.

Njengoba ungabona ohlwini, kuzothatha izitshalo eziningi nemishini engekho yonke imisebenzi yemoto engakwazi ukuyikhokhela.

Injini ye-YaMZ-236 ilungiswa ngezigaba eziningana. Zonke zazo ziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngayinye ingcweti yezimpendulo zephrofayili encane. Ake sicabangele zonke izigaba ngokulandelayo:

1. Ukususa. Mhlawumbe, ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi i-ICE ayifani nhlobo ngosizo lwesethi evamile yamathuluzi kanye nesibhamu somoya.
2. Ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezingasebenzi kanye nencazelo yohlu lwezingxenye ezithintekayo ezidinga ukushintshwa.
3. Ukulungiswa kwe-Crankshaft kanye ne-cylinder block.
4. Ukugeza zonke izingxenye ezihlangene nezingxenye. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa nge-diesel efudumele.
5. Uma konke sekulungele, umhlangano uyenzeka.

Inqubo yokudiliza ye-YaMZ-236 ithatha amahora angu-6-8. Ukulungiswa kwezinxenye zomhlangano kuthatha cishe amahora angu-16-20, kuye ngokuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuhluleka. Inqubo yomhlangano ithatha amahora angu-36. Konke kuncike ekutheni ama-main units kanye nama-node aphelile kangakanani nokuthi zilungele kanjani ukuthi zenze umsebenzi wokugcina.

Izinhlelo zekusasa

Ngo-2020, isitshalo se-Yaroslavl sihlela ukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini ze-YaMZ-236, njengoba kuthathwa indawo entsha ye-YaMZ-660, ezoba namandla amakhulu amahhashi angu-100, futhi ivolumu izokhuphuka ibe yi-12.5 amalitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlelwa kwe-classics yama-cylinders nama-valve kuzohlala. Imishini entsha ihlelwe ukwenza ipompo ye-fuel fuel, ezoba nezinga elingu-Euro-5, elizovumela izingjini ukuba zingene emakethe yomhlaba. Kuhlelelwe futhi ukuqhubeka nokukhiqizwa kweziteshi zamandla e-diesel okusekelwe ku-YaMZ-236.