Iyunithi yokushisa. Umdwebo we-node ye-thermal. Amanethiwekhi wokushisa

Isiteshi sokushisa siyisici esiyinhloko sesistimu yokushisa, ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomeke ekutheni izinga eliphezulu lokunikezwa kwamanzi ashisayo nokushisa kwesakhiwo esixhunyiwe, kanye nokusebenza kwe-system central. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-node yokushisa, ukuklama kwe-node ye-thermal kufanele yenzelwe into ngayinye ngokwayo, ngokucabangela izici zobuchwepheshe kanye nama-nuances.

Ukuqokwa

Isiteshi sokushisa sisegumbini elihlukile futhi isethi yezinto ezihloswe ukusabalalisa ukushisa okuvela kuhlelo lokushisa kuze kusetshenziswe uhlelo lokushisa nokuphuza umoya, kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi ashisayo ezakhiweni zezimboni nezokuhlala, ngokuhambisana nemigomo ebekwe yona kanye nohlobo lokupholisa.

I-unit thermal (i-scheme ye-node yokushisa ngezansi) ayivumeli kuphela ukusabalalisa ukushisa kubathengi, kodwa futhi ukucabangela izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwayo, kanye nokugcina izinsiza zamandla. Igcina izimo ezikhululekile ekwakheni ngokusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kwemithombo ngokulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunikezwa kokushisa ohlelweni lokushisa, uhlelo lokuphuza umoya, nokunikezwa kwamanzi ashisayo ngokuhambisana nesimiso esilungisiwe, kucatshangelwa ukushisa kwe-air ngaphandle.

Imishini ejwayelekile

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile kwendawo yokushisa, kubalulekile ukuthi ifakwe nethimba elilandelayo lemishini yokusebenza:

• Ama-exchange exchange heat (ama-demashable noma ama-auctioned) asetshenziselwa ukushisa kwamanzi nokushisa izinhlelo.
• Imishini yokuthungela ukuhambisa ama-coolant kumadivayisi wokushisa esakhiweni.
• Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamanzi.
• Isistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo yokushisa nokulingana kwama-coolant (flowmeters, controllers, sensors) ukucabangela imithwalo ekunikezeni ukushisa, ukulawula imingcele epholile nokulawula ukugeleza.
• Imishini yezobuchwepheshe - izilawuli, ukulawula kanye namadivayisi wokulinganisa, hlola ama-valves, ama-valve yokuma .

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukucushwa kweyunithi yokushisa ngemishini yokucubungula kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutheni ama-thermal networks axhunyiwe kanjani ohlelweni lokushisa nokushisa kwamanzi ashisayo.

Izinhlelo eziyisisekelo

Iphuzu lokushisa liqukethe izinhlelo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

• Uhlelo lokushisa - lugcina izinga lokushisa ekamelweni.
• Ukutholakala kwamanzi okubandayo - kunikeza ingcindezi edingekayo ezindaweni zokuhlala.
• Amanzi ashisayo - aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngesakhiwo ngamanzi ashisayo.
• Uhlelo lwe-ventilation olunikeza ukufudumala kwemoya, okufaka isimiso sokuphumula kwesakhiwo.

Iyunithi yokushisa: isakhiwo se-node esishisayo esizimele

Uhlelo olunjalo luyisethi yemishini ehlukaniswe ngama-nodes amaningana:

• Yondla bese ubuyela ukubhoboza.
• Imishini yokuhlanza.
• Ukuhweba okufudumele.

Kuye ngohlobo lwesikimu, imishini lapho i-node yokushisa ikhiqizwa kuyohluka. Uhlelo lwe-thermal unit, olwenziwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso esizimele, luzobe luhlomelelwe uhlelo lokushisa lokushisa olusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukushisa komketshezi ojikelezayo ngaphambi kokuba unikezwe kumthengi. Kuhlelo olunjalo, izinzuzo ezimbalwa ziyisici:

• Yenza kahle uhlelo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa komnotho.
• Ngenxa yokulawulwa kombuso wokushisa kumazinga okushisa ahlukene angaphandle, izimo ezikhululekile zidalwa abathengi.

Uhlelo oluxhomekile

Lolu hlelo lokuxhuma iphuzu lokushisa lilula. Kulesi simo, i-coolant ifinyelela kumthengi ngqo kusuka kunethiwekhi yokushisa, ngaphandle kokuguquka.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ndlela yokuxhumana ayidingi ukufakwa kwemishini eyengeziwe, ngokulandelanayo, futhi engabizi. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukufakwa okunjalo kungenasisekelo, ngoba akulawulwa nhlobo - izinga lokushisa ketshezi elijikelezayo liyoba njalo njengoba kuchazwe umphakeli wamandla ashisayo.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Isithwala sokushisa esivela endlini yesikhumba sebheyili sibhebhethelwa ku-heaters yesistimu yokushisa kanye nokushisa kwamanzi efulethini, bese ithunyelwa ngepayipi yokubuyisela kumanethiwekhi okushisa, bese igumbi lokubilisa liphinde lisetshenziswe.

Ngendlela yokudonsa imishini, uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi olubandayo luhambisa amanzi ohlelweni lapho lusakazwa khona: ingxenye eyodwa iqondiswa ezindlini, kanti enye iya esiteshini sokuhambisa uhlelo lokushisa kwamanzi okushisa nokusabalalisa okulandelayo.

Isevisi

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, iyunithi yokushisa inesibalo esikhulu sezinto - amapayipayipi wokufaka kanye nokukhipha, abakuqoqi, ukushintshanisa ukushisa, amaphampu, abalawuli bezinga lokushisa, izinsimbi zokusebenza nezinye. Lolu uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho ukugcinwa kwamakamelo okushisa kufanele kube nezigaba ezilandelayo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zokushisa (ukufakwa kwezinto, amaphampu, ukushintshanisa ukushisa). Uma kunesidingo, izingunithi zenziwa esikhundleni noma zilungiswe, futhi ukuhwebelana ngokushisa kuhlanzwa futhi kuhlanzwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yokuphuza umoya (ama-valve we-instrumentation, amadivayisi wokulawula okuzenzakalelayo).
• Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yokunikezela kwamanzi ashisayo.
• Hlola i-noode ye-makeup.
• Ukuqapha kwemingcele epholile (ukugeleza, izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela).
• Ukuhlolwa kwamathuluzi okushisa amanzi ashisayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamanye amadivaysi, okubandakanya ukufakwa kwama-thermal units.

Ukuklama

Amadokhumenti ephrojekthi ayenzelwe kahle awubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-node yokushisa kungaba usizo uma kwenzeka noma yiziphi izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezivela enhlanganweni ezinika ukushisa, kanye nokubekezela okuphindaphindiwe konyaka.

Phela, esigabeni sokuklama kunqunywa ukuthi yiziphi amadivaysi azofakwa, ukuthi uzolawulwa kanjani umbuso wokushisa-mpilo, lapho kuzofakwa khona imishini, futhi kuyoba yini umphumela wokufaka izindleko zokufaka umshini wokushisa kusayithi.