Indigirka - umfula enyakatho mpumalanga Yakutia. Incazelo, ukudla, nemingenela

Indigirka - umfula enyakatho ingxenye Asian yeRussia. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke e-Republic of Sakha (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Yakutia), ngobukhulu eSiberia. Ubude emfuleni - 1726 km, ngulona logeleta kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho, umlomo - East Sea laseSiberia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-swimming pool fanele Indigirka-Arctic Ocean. Le ndawo amanzi ezizungeze umfula -. Ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 360 Km. Yangasekhaya kulo lonke ugu olusenyakatho hit lisebukhazikhazini balo: izintaba ngakolunye uhlangothi zifanekisela isibindi, ethafeni ngakolunye - Ukuthamba nomusa.

Igama umthombo

Indigirka - umfula ukuthi kuthatha igama layo kusukela laseSiberia Tunguska ubuzwe Evens. Ngolimi lwabo lwesigodi, hydronym ihumusha ngokuthi "echibini inja."

umsuka wayo Indigirka senzeka lapho ukusakaza ezimbili entabeni Ubukhulu ezincane bukhomba. Umthombo ukusakaza esisogwini emthambekeni osenyakatho we yokhalo Lapha. Kutholwe kuqale emfuleni ezingeni ukuphakama 792 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Izimpawu emfuleni

Ngokwe-izici isiteshi, esigodini futhi ukugeleza Isivinini Indigirka - umfula, okungase ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: sezintaba plain. Ubude engxenyeni engenhla sentaba - 640 km, phansi flat - 1086 km. Ogelezayo kusukela enyakatho emthambekeni ububanzi Lapha, ukugeleza iqondiswa ngasemngceleni aphansi Oimyakon upland ukusikeka emikhulu: Chemalginsky futhi Cherskii. Ukulandela, bulala imikiswe Moma, Indigirka engena ongaphakeme emathafeni ndawo. Emlanjeni itshana kule sayithi, kufanele asebenze ndawonye ngezitho kuqhathaniswa engajulile lomfula nge ophumile emhlabathini nge ezinkulu abukhali, ngokuthi shivera.

Izinga ukunyakazisa amanzi kulezi zindawo imayelana 2-3 m / s. Lapho Indigirka Chemalginsky ephambana yokhalo, ukwanda ngejubane ku 4 m / s. Kule ndawo, lo mfula wakha Rapids egeleza ngokusebenzisa yimihosha ejulile. Lokhu icebo kunzima kakhulu futhi iyingozi, ngakho asifanele ngisho ingxubevange.

Engxenyeni oluyisicaba Indigirka (umfula) odabula Yano-Indigirka futhi Abyisky Izimfunda ezingasogwini. Valley kwandisa, udala inani elikhulu kwamagoda, Shoals futhi imikhono. Ububanzi isilinganiso emfuleni kulezi zindawo -. 500 m Indigirka kuyinto tortuous kakhulu.

Eduzane delta kwandisa ububanzi esigodini kuze kube 600-800 m, futhi umfula uhlukaniswe: umlomo Russian we Kolyma emikhonweni emikhonweni esijwayelekile - kwekulu wabo. I-sleeve 130 km olwandle, yena, yakha i-delta ububanzi, endaweni yalo engaphezu kuka-5 500 sq. km. Lo mgodi udlulisela kanye umngcele eyiqhwa, ngakho oledenevshie ugu ice omkhulu - isimo sobuntu amanzi ageleze Indigirka.

Kodwa phakathi umlomo nolwandle akha ibha engajulile (endundumeni yesihlabathi we emfuleni nasolwandle inzika sedimentary).

Nutrition, abakhwabanisi kanye congelation

Umfula Indigirka uhlobo exubile. Iningi amanzi imvula snowmelt phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi elokugcina okufanele ukuguqulwa iqhwa ketshezi, iqhwa nesithwathwa icings. Pond sizalwa nawo uhlobo East laseSiberia umbuso. Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, kukhona kwafika njalo. Uthatha 70 kuya ku-100 days. Kodwa umfula embozwe iqhwa ngo-Okthoba, futhi le nkathi ihlala kuze noJuni. Ophihliza iqhwa ngezikhawu kuthatha cishe isonto. amanzi ageleza Lonyaka - mayelana 58 km, iningi kuyinto ehlobo (50%), entwasahlobo - 32% ukuwa - 15%, kanti ebusika kuka-1%.

River umbuso Indigirka nzima kakhulu kangangokuba kwakungasekho ukugeleza ubhekwa ebanda kunazo emhlabeni, lesi sici esingavamile. Ubusika nesithwathwa nokhahlo. Lapho yesibili izinga lokushisa komoya (lokususa 40-50 degrees Celsius), umfula kwezinye izindawo buhlangene kuze kufike phansi. Edolobhaneni. Ojmjakon okuyinto itholakala eduze confluence. Nera e Indigirka, bhalisiwe okushisa aphansi ukuthi aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Umhlabathi ezansi umsuka anesihlabathi.

izindawo Geographic nesimo sezulu

Ezinye River Russian (Indigirka kuhlanganise) zenzeka cishe kuyo yonke indawo yakwa-Republic of Yakutia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba yamanzi uhlelo isitshalo egcina ezindaweni ezahlukene womhlaba. Ehlathini futhi ehlathini emahlathini sifinyelela engenhla seziphambano komfula (nezimila emelelwa amahlathi kwaphela lezihlahla, amahlozi zomsedari nezingodo Alder amahlozi), futhi ihlathi-emathafeni nezimfunda e sifinyelela aphansi (emelelwa nezihlahla ulele). Arctic ehlane nobuntu ukugeleza semifula. Cishe yonke indawo sigcwale amanzi ogwini.

Climate - ngokucijile-ezwekazini. Ngokwesilinganiso, amazinga okushisa Januwari - lokususa 40 ° C, isilinganiso ongazifunda ngo-July - plus 14 ° C. Umswakama - 70%.

ziyamaniswa nokungangeni

Nemingenela Indigirka elise kokubili elingenhla futhi sifinyelela aphansi. Ngesikhathi umngcele engenhla ukugeleza eduze kwesokunxele - Elga emfuleni, Kyuente, Kuydusun kwesokudla - kwekulu inflow Indigirka - k. Nehra (196 km). Umngcele engezansi kwesokunxele - Uyandina River nemingenela, Allaikha River, selenium, Berelekh; Kwesokudla - River Badyarikha River futhi Moma.

Ngaphezu nemingenela ezinkulu, kusukela Indigirka zikhona ezincane - rivulet Sarylakh, Talbykchan, arga-Yuryakh, Achchygy-Chagachannah, ataba-Yuryakh nabanye. Nemingenela, kanye kakhulu i-Indigirka, owabangelwa imvula neqhwa encibilikisiwe.

ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba

ukuthuthukiswa kwesigubhu waqala kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII, lapho kufika eSiberia Tobolsk Cossacks. Lesi sivumelwano yokuqala lomfula Indigirka yasungulwa ngo 1639 by Cossack Postnik Ivanov - Zashiverskaya ejele. Lesi sivumelwano owakhiwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. Nokho, ngemva ingxibongo ubhubhane edolobheni yokuqothulwa. Manje ayisekho owakhiwe, kodwa kukhona idolobha-lesikhumbuzo.

ukuthuthukiswa IMisa labantu laliqala engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVIII. Esikhathini Delta , kukhona isiphetho ngobukhulu ogwini - Russian Estuary. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX loMfula ukusakaza kwakukhona 29 zokuhlala.

Manje ugu Indigirka imigqa 5 amadolobhana amancane Ust-Nera (6000 keli.), Chokurdakh (2100 keli.), White Mountain (2000 keli.), Oymyakon (500 keli.), UMhlonishwa (2 500 abantu. ). Chokurdakh emzaneni - iyona esisenyakatho port eRussia.

Ngaphezu bendawo, abantu kulezi zindawo ukuyengela ezifakwa zegolide. On the lomfula kuyinto ezimayini zegolide. Ngezinye Moma emfuleni umcengezi zikhona izimali ezifakwa kwamalahle.

nezilwane

Indigirka ocebile abameleli izinhlanzi nezilwane. Esikhathini amanzi omfula bathole ikhaya zabo-30 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi. ukudoba zithandwa ngomlomo. Okuvame kakhulu zinhlobo kwezentengiselwano izilwane zasemanzini Indigirka: whitefish, Cisco futhi whitefish. Ngaphezu kwalezi abameleli zaziwa nabanye: whitefish, whitefish, burbot.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi atholakala Indigirka futhi izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa zezinhlanzi, ezinye zazo ahlelwe njengoba ezisengozini. Lokhu, isibonelo, Sturgeon eSiberia - nomele isengozini. Inombolo imiphakathi zezinhlanzi salmon ezimhlophe, whitefish laseSiberia kwehle nezindinganiso esibucayi. Sisanda kukhipha kuvinjelwe zinhlobo ukudoba muskun.
Ngezikhathi ziyozalela ku-delta Indigirka hamba salmon: pink chum salmon.

Ehlobo edolobhaneni Honu ekusakazeni imikhumbi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umfula main amanzi ngendlela lwezokuthutha enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia.

Ukuhamba

Okuhambayo ngomfula Indighirka - umcimbi awulula, endaweni eyingozi. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke odlulela izimo lokushisa nokhahlo. Laba bafundi kaningi ukuza Institute Geographical ekucwaningeni umkhuba, ngoba iningi labazalwane coast Indigirka engakaze wafunda.

Kodwa bamazwe ulahlekile yonke indawo, futhi sifinyelela engezansi ukusakaza Kwenziwa isikebhe kude, i-kayaking. Kodwa nokho kukhona izindawo emangalisayo efanelekayo yokudoba nokuzingela.

I ezikhangayo engokwemvelo esifundeni akunakubangelwa Chersky ububanzi. Ngakho yaqanjwa wamazwe ye-ID esifundeni Cherskogo. Iphuzu esiphezulu ke - of Victory (3003 m.). He is the last isici esiyinhloko womhlaba, esikuyi-Russia. Vula kuphela ngo-1926 umcwaningi SV Obruchev.

Ukuwa kanye emthambekeni emfuleni

Fall River Indigirka (kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye) ibalwa kusukela ibanga phakathi umthombo nomlomo kwesigubhu. Empeleni, leli gama libhekisela umehluko kulezi izinkomba ezimbili. Ngokwezazi ezithile ezisemthethweni idatha iconsi imayelana ayizinkulungwane 1. Amamitha. Isibalo emaphakathi phakathi kwezinye notshwala Russian.

Olwehlelayo Indigirka emfuleni nxazonke 58 m / km. Le nombolo etholwe ubudlelwane ubukhulu ngokuwa kwesigubhu. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo sibalo akuyona omkhulu kangaka, kodwa-ke, namanje kokuba emfuleni, kufanele uyiqaphele indlela kakhulu.