Lamagama lihlukile iziphakamiso, nezinye inhlanganisela yamagama? ukuhlaziya collocations

Lamagama besilokhu njengesenzo amayunithi ezimele syntactic, ngokuyisisekelo sihluke isiphakamiso. Kubonakala ngolimi ngezinhloso nominative. igama Complicated oqhubeka engenawo umsebenzi ofanayo nominative, okuyigama elithi - ibinzana.

Le sipho futhi ibinzana - indlela uwahlukanise?

Ngokungafani ibinzana elithi ayidingi ncazelo. Ikhombisa igama elithi uqobo. Kodwa yini eyenza ibinzana lo msebenzi? Okokuqala, it is a elibona nxazonke yemagama kanye netakhiwo temagama, ukuqaliswa amandla futhi ozikhethela-ngokuvamile valences yayo. Ngo "Russian lolimi-80" ibinzana siqondwa njengesibonelo semantic-lwetakhi telulwimi ukusakaza izwi.

It unikeza okufanayo - lokhu kuyinto eyodwa ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi enezici. Ukuze ngamunye wabo kukhona 3 amaphethini: lehlelekile semantic futhi yekuchumana (pragmatic). Basic incazelo nohlelo lolimi olunembile njengenkulumo umusho predicativity, okwenza kube kungenzeka correlate ulwazi ngokoqobo extra-ngokolimi (amaqiniso) ne isimo inkulumo lapho isitatimende ekhiqizwa (isenzo ngemiyalezo). Lokho umehluko phakathi ibinzana ukunikezwa, ngamafuphi.

I-syntax wafunda imishwana itholakala kuphela, okusho labo lapho agcinwe ngokuphelele ehlukile nezincazelo lucebe yamagama yayo ephambili. Uma balahlekile, sibhekene phraseology, okuyizinto ayisekho kuncike ukufunda lolimi.

Ukwakhiwa imishwana

Imisho zisekelwe ezithile emlandweni ithuthukiswe imodeli ulimi, ukuthi ivezwa inkulumo. Sinenkosi uhlelo amafomu sishintsha Paradigm, okuyinto ezokwenzeka Paradigm kwegama elithi main (lokho omunye ibinzana umehluko ku sipho).

Ukwakheka yabo ingase ihlanganise izingxenye hhayi ezimbili kuphela: kwenceku nenkosi yayo (ibinzana elula). Ngokutjho lokho okushiwo lwetakhi telulwimi zingahlangana izingxenye eziningana (engaphezu kwemibili), phakathi lapho kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuncika syntactic.

Amafomu multi-imishwana

Zingaba:

- kuhlanganiswe (ukulalela ezilandelanayo) ukuthenga kwedeski, umngane kababa;

- eziyinkimbinkimbi (ukulalela parallel) yaziwa kabanzi emzini ezinye izincwadi;

- ezivamile (nge izincazelo heterogeneous singaphansi kwekhanda): Antique crystal vase, namanzi nekoshenaya utshani;

- confluent (imiswe phakathi kumiswa izipesheli): ukuthenga amaphephandaba kanye nomagazini, uvolo nosilika izindwangu.

ukuhlaziya collocations

Inqubo lokuqala ukuhlaziywa kakhulu ukuba nesizungu iziphakamiso slovosochetatelnogo lonke block, futhi ekutholeni uhlobo division zibe elula (bicomponent).

Eyesibili isinyathelo - ekuhlaziyweni imishwana elula ikhumbula imingcele eminingi esibonisa it kanje:

1) ukuma kokuqala;

2) tenkhulumo izwi fanele isikhulu esinguKora;

3) uhlobo umongo syntactic futhi esebenzisa inkulumo;

4) uthayiphe of ubudlelwano syntactic;

5) yakha conditioning izwi engaphansi;

6) imodeli (block umdwebo).

Conditionality yakha izwi engaphansi

Conditionality temagama engaphansi kungenziwa kunqunywa izakhiwo eziyinhloko zolimi nemisebenzi yazo, ezifana sokusebenzisana yayo isigaba esithile yamagama (tenkhulumo) noma isigaba othile wolimi. Ngakho, ikhono izonqunywa esingokwemvelo Ibizo isiphawulo: milkman bejabule, incwadi endala.

Tento njengoba ekilasini lolimi amagama achazwayo tandziso qualitative: ukusebenza kanzima, ukukhuluma kakhulu. Konke lokhu imishwana kuthiwa ineluhlelo moya. Ukuba khona ifomu engaphansi e le umenziwa wesenzo ngaphandle isabizwana kunqunywa izakhiwo lucebe futhi lolimi ukwedlulela Isenzo main: ukufunda incwadi, isiphuzo ubisi.

Ifomu elithi engaphansi kungacacisa ukuthi isimo esikhulu ukuze isigaba esithile semantic noma iqembu lucebe-semantic (LSG). Ngakho, wonke amagama ngoba ngamazwi zokuxhumana ifomu inhlanganisela ne Ibizo engaphansi ku wezinsimbi icala ifomu "c" ibhaxa: ukukhuluma nomuntu ukuxoxa nothile. Amathokheni izingxenye ezahlukene zokukhuluma, kuhlanganise linencazelo eyisibonelo yayo ingxenye (Ithuba, isifiso, isidingo, njll.), Njengoba abancike esingayindawo sesenzo: bafune ukufunda, ukufunda, unesifiso sokuthola lokho ezisifundisa, ezimisele ukufunda. Konke lokhu imishwana kuthiwa wokufihla moya.

Ekugcineni, ukuma igama engaphansi ungakwazi ukuchaza ubuntu okushiwo main lucebe. Kulokhu, ngisho nalabo abamele omunye OOP ungakheka inhlanganisela ezahlukene: ezithengisa izithelo - izithelo ukuhweba; ukukhokhela imigwaqo ekhokhelwayo - ukukhokhela travel; umngane uyaziqhenya - bow kwenye. Kulokhu sikhuluma imishwana lucebe kubangelwa.

Ngokungafani nezinye inhlanganisela izwi

Ukwazi umehluko phakathi isisho ukunikezwa, udinga lihlukaniswe nezinye inhlanganisela yamagama.

Njengoba uphiko oluyisipesheli syntactic kokuba izakhiwo ezithile nokuba imodeli ulimi (block umdwebo), kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa inhlanganisela ezilandelayo zamagama emshweni:

1) nenhlanganisela latawulandzela (kuncike isilandiso +): umfana ukugijima;

2) kusukela polupredikativnyh: futhi, isihlubuki, ucela isiphepho;

3) coordinative: nezihlahla izihlahla zikhule ngo ukuhlanzwa;

4) kusukela appositive inhlanganisela (inhlanganisela ka izicelo, futhi igama elithi): umfundi Ivanov eza ngayo;

5) inhlanganisela kuphakama kuphela umusho: ubaba nendodana yakhe ayefana ncamashi.

Ukwazi umehluko phakathi ibinzana kanye nezinye izinhlinzeko kusukela inhlanganisela kwamagama, ngeke ngokuphumelelayo enze lokudlulisa futhi ugweme amaphutha nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Lokhu kubalulekile ekufundzeni "-syntax", njengoba izibonelelo ngenhla osemqoka kulo, futhi kumelwe ukuhlukanisa. Siyethemba ngokucacile samchazela kulesi sihloko, indlela yokwahlukanisa ibinzana kusukela umusho.