Ozone (chemical elementi) izakhiwo ifomula isiqu

Kuwusizo kakhulu sonke isintu property gas ezifana i-ozone. I-elementi, kwakhiwa kuyo, - lokhu-mpilo O. Eqinisweni, i-ozone O ₃ - omunye allotropic ukulungiswa oxygenation ehlanganisa amayunithi ezintathu formular (O ÷ O ÷ G). Igama lokuqala kwakwakhe eyaziwa - ngokwaso-mpilo igesi yiso esakha it is by athomu amabili (D = O) - O _2.

Allotropy - ikhono yesici chemical ukwakha eziningi izakhiwo ezahlukene compounds elula. Siyabonga esintwini Uyalinga usebenzisa izinto ezifana yedayimane-graphite, nesibabule monoclinic futhi orthorhombic, umoya-mpilo, futhi i-ozone. Elementi kokuba ikhono esinjalo ngempela kungagcini ukulungiswa ezimbili kuphela, abanye ukuba benze okwengeziwe.

Umlando yokutholakala compounds

Iyunithi ingxenye izinto eziningi eziphilayo futhi wezinto ezingaphili, kuhlanganise ezifana-ozone - isici chemical O kabani uphawu - Oxygen, ngesiGreki «oxys» - ezimuncu, «gignomai» - abelethe.

Ngokokuqala ngqá entsha ukuguqulwa allotropic umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi ucwaningo nge esithweni kagesi zatholakala e 1785 lo umDashi Martijn van Maroun, ukunakwa yaso yasinamathela iphunga. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva engumFulentshi Christian Friedrich Schönbein kuphawulwe khona okufanayo ngemva kwesivunguvungu, lapho igesi yabizwa ngokuthi "ukunuka". Kodwa abanye ososayensi zikhohlisiwe, bekholelwa ukuthi Inzwa yabo yokuhogela olunephunga elimnandi yena-ozone. Iphunga ukuthi wazizwa kwakungekaNkulunkulu organic compounds oxidized by ukusabela nge O _3, njengoba gas esisheshayo kakhulu.

isakhiwo electronic

efanayo lolu cezu ezihlelekile O2 futhi O3 - isici zamakhemikhali. Ozone has a isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-oksijini namanje elula - athomu amabili nge-oksijini wajoyina ngesibopho kabili bese ehlanganisa ϭ- π-ingxenye, ngokuvumelana valency timphawu. Mayelana ₃ has izakhiwo eziningana resonant. isibopho Multiple yokuxhuma oxygen ezimbili, kanti eyesithathu has a olulodwa. Ngakho, ngenxa kufuduka π-ingxenye, isithombe Imininingwane ukuzulazula kwama-athomu abathathu bamunye futhi uxhumano nengxenye. Lobu buhlobo mufushane kuka eyodwa, kodwa isikhathi eside kunaleso kabili. Amathuba Ukuphinda molecule ososayensi olwenziwa ucwaningo ezikhishiwe.

izindlela zamagama

Ukuze kwakhiwe igesi ezifana-ozone, ikhemikhali isici Oxygen kumelwe kube medium gaseous ngesimo ama-athomu ngabanye. Izimo ezinjalo zidalwe ku ukushayisana ka izinhlayiya zomoya-mpilo ne-electron O ₂ phakathi esithweni kagesi noma nezinye izinhlayiya nge amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi uma zishiswe ngemisebe ultraviolet.

share sengonyama we isamba we-ozone ezivezwa umzila photochemical e izimo zemvelo ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa umsebenzi amakhemikhali nezinye izindlela ezifana, isibonelo, izinhlelo zamagama electrolytic. Siqukethe e ukuthi aqueous electrolyte naphakathi-platinum electrode ibekwe futhi bavunyelwe zamanje. Isikimu yokusabela:

H ₂ O + O ₂ → O ₃ + H ₂ + e ^-

izakhiwo

Oxygen (O) - iyunithi isakhi ezifana-ozone izidakamizwa - chemical isici kabani ifomula kanye isihlobo mass izinyo lomhlathi ahlelwe ishadi lesikhathi. Azakhele O ₃ umoya-mpilo, ke athole izakhiwo ngokuyinhloko azisafani O _2.

Negesi blue - lena isimo ezivamile yingxube njenge-ozone. Chemical isici ifomula izici ambalwa - konke kuchaziwe ukuhlonza nokutadisha ketshezi. I abilayo ngaye -111,9 ° C, isimo uketshezi uba nombala omnyama onsomi, kuyilapho eminye ukwehlisa izinga -197,2 ° C ukuncibilika iqala. In the state esiqinile wokuhlanganisa-ozone lube nombala omnyama nge luhlaza onsomi. Its izikhathi solubility kayishumi kunalokho impahla oxygen O _2. Lapho lokuhlala encane kakhulu emoyeni nephunga we-ozone, kuba abukhali, ethize futhi sifana iphunga metal.

chemical izakhiwo

asebenzayo kakhulu, nge Ngokombono ukusabela, igesi i-ozone. Chemical isici ukuthi yakha - mpilo. Izici ezinquma ukuthi ukuziphatha-ozone e nokuxhumana nezinye izinto, - high ikhono oxidizing kanye nokuntengantenga igesi uqobo. Emazingeni ephakeme, sekubola ngezinga elingakaze libonwe, ukusheshisa le nqubo futhi ekwenyuseni ezifana metal oxides, chlorine dioxide, i-nitrogen nabanye. Oxidant izakhiwo izici esingokwemvelo kwesakhiwo we-ozone ngenxa ukuhamba kwe-molecule ye-nesinye ama-athomu mpilo, uhlaba liphenduka-mpilo igesi: O ₃ → O ₂ + o

Oxygen (isakhi kusukela lapho kwakhiwa i-molecule izinto njengomoya-mpilo futhi i-ozone) - elementi zamakhemikhali. Njengoba nje kulotshiwe ku-zibalo wokusabela - Mayelana ·. Ozone oxidizes zonke izinsimbi ngaphandle igolide, i-platinum kanye subgroups yayo. It ihlangana amagesi emkhathini - oxides nesibabule, nitrogen nabanye. Hhayi ahlale izinto inert organic, ikakhulukazi izinqubo okusheshayo kukhona unokungaxhumani izibopho oluningi nge kumiswa compounds Lesisemkhatsini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba imikhiqizo ukuphendula azinabungozi imvelo futhi abantu. Lokhu amanzi, umoya-mpilo, oxides ephakeme izakhi ezahlukene, oxides carbon. Ukusabela ne-ozone akezi compounds kanambambili calcium, titanium ne-silicon nomoya-mpilo.

isicelo

Le ndawo main lapho sisetshenziswa "ukunuka" igesi - ke ozonation. Le ndlela inzalo kuyinto nemiphumela engcono futhi ephephile ukuze eziphilayo kuka chlorine magciwane. Lapho wahlanza amanzi ne-ozone kumiswa kwenzeka okunye anobuthi methane Halogen esiyingozi ukufaka endaweni.

Bayanda le ndlela emvelweni inzalo isetshenziswa embonini yezokudla. Ozone ziphathwe umshini ifriji, isitoreji izindawo imikhiqizo ngosizo kuye afeze ukususwa iphunga.

Ukuze yezokwelapha magciwane izakhiwo we-ozone nazo zibalulekile. Bona zokukhipha igciwane isilonda, nosawoti izixazululo. Ozonated igazi emithambo yegazi, kanye "ukunuka" igesi aphathe eziningi nezifo ezingamahlala khona.

Ukuba isimo kanye nokubaluleka

Simple izidakamizwa-ozone - elementi igesi Ukwakheka Stratosphere esifundeni eduze isikhala elitholakala at ibanga cishe 20-30 km ebusweni. Kwemihlambi lokhu kwakwakhe kwenzeka ngesikhathi izinqubo ezihlobene ne-esithweni kagesi, ngesikhathi Welding, apharathasi imishini yokukopisha. Kodwa kule Stratosphere wawubumba is futhi iqukethe 99% we isamba we-ozone ekhona emkhathini.

Vital kwafakazela khona igesi esikhaleni eduze-Earth. It yakha therein okuthiwa ungqimba lwe-ozone, esivikela zonke ekuphileni kusukela ebulalayo ultraviolet emisebeni yelanga. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa belingana inzuzo enkulu, igesi ngokwayo kuyingozi ukuba abantu. Ukwandisa lokuhlushwa i-ozone e umuntu emoyeni ukuphefumula nobungozi umzimba, ngenxa reactivity yayo extreme.