Incazelo, indawo, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, inani labantu base-Iraq. Ukwazi isimo saseMpumalanga Ephakathi

IRiphabhlikhi yase-Iraq yindawo e-South-West Asia. Indawo yayo ingaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-435. I-Km. Abantu base-Iraq bangabantu abayizigidi ezingu-36.

Ngomfushane mayelana nombuso

Enyakatho, umngcele wezwe uhamba neTurkey, futhi entshonalanga umkhawulo weSiriya neJordani. Egwini eliseningizimu-mpumalanga, lezi zizwe zigezwa ngamanzi asePersian Gulf - lokhu kungabonwa ngokuthola i-Iraq ebalazweni. Empumalanga ugoqela ne-Iran, kodwa kunezindawo ezingenakuphikisana emngceleni ongasungulwa ngokomthetho.

Inhloko-dolobha yase-Iraq yiBaghdad. Leli dolobha libhekwa njengenye yezikhungo zokuphatha ezinkulu eMiddle East. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyisithibhu esibalulekile sokuthutha. Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, inani labantu base-Iraq lihluka phakathi kwabantu abayizigidi ezingu-36, futhi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 kubo bahlala enhloko-dolobha.

Ngolunye uhlobo lukahulumeni, leli hulumeni liyi-republic yephalamende yesistimu yenhlangano. I-Iraq ihlukaniswe izifundazwe ezingu-18.

Ukuzimela kombuso kwaba ngo-1932. Kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-2003, uSaddam Hussein wabusa izwe. Kulo lonke leli gama lakhe likamongameli, abantu base-Iraq bahlushwa isenzo sezempi, okuyinto ngokwemvelo, ababengeke bazuze ukukhula komnotho futhi, ngenxa yalokho, bathuthukise izinga lokuphila.

Indawo yendawo

Insimu yezwe itholakala enqabeni yaseMesopotamiya, phakathi kwezigodi zemifula emibili enkulu empumalanga - iTigris ne-Ewufrathe. Le ndawo iye yathandwa kakhulu. Kwakukhona ukuthi omunye wemiphakathi yabantu yokuqala, iSomerian, yavela. Kamuva kulawa mazwe kwakukhona nezinye izizwe - iBhabhiloni ne-Asiriya. Ekhulwini le-VII, lezi zizwe zanqotshwa ama-Arabs, futhi lapha amaSulumane asakazeka.

Uma ucabangela i-Iraq ebalazweni, ungabona ukuthi i-geographically ihlukaniswe ngezifunda ezine zemvelo.

1. Insimu enkulu yezwe itholakala enqabeni yaseMesopotamiya, enyakatho-ntshonalanga lapho uhlelo oluphansi lwezintaba - iSinjar - luyanda khona.
2. Kusukela enyakatho, umbuso uzungeza iziqhingi zase - Iranian. Kulapha ukuthi indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke yezwe - iHaji-Ibrahim intaba, u-3,587 m high.
3. Engeningizimu-ntshonalanga yihlane eligwadule - ihlane laseSiriya.
4. Ingxenye esempumalanga ithafa lase-El Jazeera.

Amanzi angaphakathi

Isimo sase-Iraq asicebile esimweni somfula esinomdlana, kodwa nansi eminye imibhoshongo yamanzi ebaluleke kakhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi - iTigris ne-Ewufrathe. Amanzi ala mifula asetshenziselwa ukuchelela, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Iziteshi zemithombo yamanzi kagesi zakhiwa emifuleni. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga, zombili imifula ihlangana emfuleni owodwa weShatt al-Arab, oholela ePersian Gulf.

Lo mgwaqo kuwo wonke umzila wayo ujulile futhi uhamba ngezimoto. Ehlane, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlangabezana nokugeleza kwesikhashana okugcwele amanzi ngesikhathi sezulu, kepha kuyomile endaweni esomile.

Izimo zezulu ezise-Iraq

Umbuso usezindaweni ezishisayo ezingezansi, ngokushisa okushisayo nokushisa okubandayo. Kukhona ushintsho ezinkathini zonyaka, kodwa ezimbili kuphela zibizwa ngokuthi: ihlobo nobusika. Ihlobo e-Iraq liqala kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba, ebusika kusukela ngoDisemba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi.

Isimo sibonakala ngesilinganiso esiphansi semvula ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ehlobo, azikho ngokuphelele, ezenza abantu base-Iraq bakwazi ukusebenzisa kakhulu imithombo yamanzi emifula. Ebusika, emathafeni, imvula ihlukahluka phakathi kuka 50-150 mm. Ukuthuthela enyakatho, banda futhi inani elingu-1500 mm / ngonyaka lifinyelelwa ezintabeni.

Iziqhwala kanye namaqhwa yizinto ezingavamile e-Iraq. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi kukaJulayi angama-32 ° С - 35 ° С, kanti izinga lokushisa likaJanuwari lingama-16 ° С - 18 ° С.

Isimo esivamile sombuso siyimimoya. Ihlobo liyashisa, kusukela enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Bathwala isixuku esikhulu saso, futhi benza iziphepho. Isikhathi sokufaneleka salesi sizini sisukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, imimoya enjalo ishaya nsuku zonke. Ebusika, isiqondiso sabo sishintsha enyakatho-mpumalanga.

Izici zezitshalo, imfuyo kanye nenhlabathi

Izigodi zomfula zigcwele inhlabathi eyaneleyo, kodwa idinga ukunisela njalo. Lapha, umphakathi wendawo usebenza ikakhulukazi kwezolimo. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu - inhlabathi enhlabathi, engafanele ukutshala izitshalo. Ezindaweni zasempumalanga, kaningi, zihamba.

I-flora nezilwane zezwe azihambisani nokuhlukahluka. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezimila zasendle ezibandayo nezidume zase-tropical. Kusukela ezilwaneni, kunezinsephezi, izimpungushe kanye namafiya emigqabhagqabha. I-cobra enobuthi isakaze yonke indawo. Futhi emifuleni nasemachibini kukhona izinhlanzi eziningi.

Abantu kanye nohlobo lukahulumeni

Ukubalwa kwabantu kokugcina kubonisa ukuthi abantu base-Iraq babhekene nokwanda okuhle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yempi yezempi, ingakwazi ukushintsha kakhulu.

Iphesenti elikhulu lazakhamuzi zendawo yi-Arabhu. Ngephesenti yazo - 75%, amaKurds - 18%, kanti 7% asele awela kwezinye izizwe (ama-Armenia, amaTurkmens, ama-Asiriya, njll).

Ulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe yi-Arabhu. I-Kurdish nayo yande kakhulu - inesimo solimi olusemthethweni kanye ne-Arabhu. Iningi labantu laleli zwe libiza amaSulumane (angaphezu kwama-95%) futhi ama-3% kuphela - ubuKristu.

I-Iraq yi- republic republic republic. Abamele imiphakathi emithathu yabantu base-Iraq - amaShiites, amaSunni namaKurds - bahlale ephalamende. Umthethosisekelo wombuso waqashelwa kuphela ngo-2005, uvunyelwe ku-referendum kazwelonke.

Amadolobha ase-Iraq nokuthuthukiswa komnotho

E-Iraq, kunezindawo eziyi-6 ezinabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi abantu. Yilokho, inhloko-dolobha, iBasra, An-Najaf, i-Erbil, njll. Izifundazwe (iziphathimandla) zihlukaniswe izifunda (kazy) kanye nezifunda (nakhii). Enyakatho yezwe, isifunda sase-Kurdish Autonomous sisungulwa.

Ngenxa yezimpi eziphindaphindiwe, izingxabano zempi, umnotho wase-Iraq usesimweni esibuhlungu. Imboni kuphela eqinisiwe ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha. Bahambisa "igolide elimnyama" emazweni angomakhelwane.