Ukuhamba kwecala kagesi kudala yiphi insimu?

Ukuthi ukushaja kwegesi okuhambayo okudala okuzungezile kuyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho okuyikho okukhokhwayo esimweni esivele. Ku-ether, lapho isikhala singaphazanyiswa khona, amacala alinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi i-magnetically ne-electrical neutral.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuziphatha kwecala elinjalo ngokwehlukana, uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu omileyo, futhi sizocabangela isimiso sikaGalileo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo mayelana nenkolelo ka-Einstein: ukuthi kuyiqiniso ngempela ngempela?

Umehluko phakathi kwamacala ahambayo nabekwe eceleni

Ukushaja okukodwa, ukuma, kudala insimu kagesi, engabizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-deformation ye-ether. Ukushaja kwegesi okuhambayo kudala kokubili insimu kagesi kanye ne- magnetic. Itholakala kuphela ngenye inkokhelo, okungukuthi, ngamagnet. Kuvela ukuthi izinkokhelo zokuphumula nokuhambayo ku-ether azifani nhlobo. Ngomshini wokufanisa kanye ne- rectilinear, ukushaja ngeke kukhanye futhi ngeke kulahlekelwe amandla. Kodwa njengengxenye yayo isetshenziselwa ekwakheni insimu yamagnetic, amandla alokhu okukhokhwayo ayoba ngaphansi.

Isibonelo sokusiza ukuqonda

Kulula ukucabanga ngesibonelo. Uma sithatha amacala amabili afanayo futhi siwahlukanisa ukuze amasimu akwazi ukusebenzisana, omunye wabo uzoshiywa kanti omunye uzosuswa. Ukuze uthole ukukhokhiswa kokuqala, ukusheshisa kuyadingeka okuyinto ezokwenza insimu magnetic. Ingxenye yamandla ale nsimu izoya emisebeni ye-electromagnetic eqondiswe esikhalweni esingapheli esingabuyiselwa njengamandla okugcoba okufakwayo uma kuyeka. Ngosizo lwenye inxenye yamandla okushaja, kuyokwenziwa insimu yamagnetic eqhubekayo (ngaphansi kwesimo se-constant speed velocity). Lona amandla e-deformation we-ether. Ngokunyakaza okufanayo, insimu yamagnetic izohlala isesimweni esivamile. Uma siqhathanisa amacala amabili, lowo ohambayo uyoba namandla angaphansi. Yonke iphutha yinkambu ye - electromagnetic yenkokhelo ehamba phambili, okumele isebenzise amandla.

Ngakho-ke, kuyacaca ukuthi bobabili bakhokhisa ukuthi izwe namandla ahluke kakhulu. Insimu kagesi isebenza ngokumiswa nokuthutha amacala. Kodwa lesi sigaba sithinteka yi-field magnetic. Ngakho-ke, amandla namandla okunciphisa angaphansi.

Ukuhambisa amacala kanye nesimiso sikaGalileo

Isimo sezombili izindleko singalandelwa emzimbeni ongokwenyama ongenakufuduka ongahambisani nezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe. Futhi isimiso sikaGalileo lapha singashunyayelwa ngokucacile: umzimba ongekho hlangothi ugesi, ohamba ngokufanayo futhi ohlelwa kabusha, awufani nalokho okuphumayo ngokuphathelene noMhlaba. Kuvela ukuthi imizimba ayihambisani nesegesi futhi iyakhokhiswa ngokuzibonakalisa ngokwabo ngokuhlukile esimweni sokuphumula nokunyakaza. Isimiso se-Galilege asikwazi ukusetshenziswa ku-ether futhi asikwazi ukusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ezithweswe iziphathekayo neziphathekayo.

Ukungahambisani nesimiso semigomo ebekwe icala

Imikhombandlela futhi isebenza kulezo zinkambu ezidala ukushayela kwegesi okuhambayo, namuhla kuqoqiwe okuningi. Isibonelo, u-Heaviside wabonisa ukuthi i-vector kagesi eyakhiwe ngecala ishayela yonke indawo. Imigqa yamagnetic yamandla, eyakhiwa yi-point point uma ihamba, iyindilinga, futhi ezindaweni zazo yimizila yokunyakaza. Omunye usosayensi, Searle, uxazululwe inkinga yokwabiwa kwentela endaweni yokuhamba. Kutholakale ukuthi kudala insimu efana nokuthi ukushaja kwegesi okuhambayo kudala, naphezu kokuthi lesi sigaba asiyona indawo, kepha i-spheroid enomshini lapho i-polar axis iqondiswa khona ekuhambeni. Kamuva, u-Morton wabonisa ukuthi emkhathini wokugcoba, ukuqina kwabantu angeke kushintshe, kodwa imigqa yamandla angeke isishiye engeni lika-90 degrees.

Amandla azungeze le sphere ayaba mkhulu lapho ehamba, kunesikhathi lapho lesi sigaba siphumule khona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngaphezu kwensimu kagesi, insimu yamagnetic ibuye ibonakale eduze nendawo yokuhamba, njengokungathi kukho icala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, ijubane le-sphere elikhokhwayo liyoba elikhulu kunalowo ongenawo amandla kagesi. Kanye necala, inqwaba ephumelelayo ye-sphere izophinde ikhule. Abalobi bayaqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa ukufakelwa kwe-current convection, okuyinto ukushaja kagesi okuhambayo kudala kusukela ekuqaleni ukunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, isimiso sikaGalileo siyabonakala singenakulinganiswa emizimbeni egcwele ugesi.

Imibono ka-Einstein kanye ne-ether

Khona-ke kuyacaca ukuthi kungani u-Einstein engazange abeke isikhala ku-ether ku-SRT. Phela, iqiniso lokuthi ukuqaphela ukuba khona kwe-ether selivele libhubhisa isimiso sokulingana kwamafreyimu angenayo futhi azimele. Futhi, futhi, yisisekelo se-STR.