Imisipha: imisipha izinhlobo, umsebenzi, inhloso

Kancane engaphansi kwengxenye isisindo umzimba ewela imisipha. Izinhlobo imisipha kuthiwa qanda amakhulu kakhulu ahlukanisiwe kuye ngenjongo, imisebenzi, kwakuwukuthi ukuze isimiso sezinzwa, isakhiwo le micu. Ngaphandle kwawo akunakwenzeka ukuhambisa imvelo, ukugcinwa izinqubo evamile yokuphila kanye njalo imvelo yangaphakathi.

Locomotor apharathasi

Skeleton kanye nemisipha ezakha Uhlaka womuntu. Amathambo ukukhonza njengoba izakhiwo umthwalo ezinembewu. imisipha yohlaka kanye ezicutshini efakwe kuyo. Bona, ngokungafani amathambo, abazimisele futhi kungenziwa likhubazeke.

Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko - ukusikwa futhi aziphumulele - enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba kwenze umuntu emkhathini. imisipha yohlaka banesibopho le nqubo, abasebenza isimiso asizakale. Ingxenye yokwenziwa imisipha (umsipha) unamathele ithambo endaweni elikhulu ukusebenza umsebenzi. Enye ingxenye ixhunywe abhanqiwe amasayithi lwamathambo.

Esikhundleni ithambo Ilunga kulapho joint okungukuthi uxhumano yabo ephathekayo. Nge zokunciphisa imisipha amandla ayihambi ngokusebenzisa umsipha kuzokwenza amathambo ukuhambisa.

uhlelo kwemisipha

Umzimba womuntu is ihlukene. Imisipha (imisipha izinhlobo kukhonjiswa isithombe ngenhla) kungukuthi ezibekwe ekwakhekeni, bona zihlukaniswe izingxenye. Ukuze umsebenzi ehlelekile idinga control. Lapho ukuhamba nasemilenzeni kuveza ukwehla imisipha ethile nje kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo omelene yayo ephumula. Ngo inqubo reverse ekushintsheni imisebenzi: ke ephumula flexor futhi extensor ibuyisa ingxenye yomzimba isikhundla yayo yasekuqaleni.

Ukungaguquguquki of lwamathambo imisipha ukunyakaza ilawulwa ubuchopho. Le nqubo, ngokwezinga elithile ziyawathinta komuntu. Futhi ngenkathi iqembu kwi ukunyakaza eziyisisekelo benganikezwa ngomqondo ongokoqobo, aziyi bukhona izinhloso, kodwa ubuchopho bayo busuke kweso siguqulelwa amasignali aqondakale imisipha.

Kunenye uhlelo imisipha, okuyinto ngentando yomuntu akuyona zithithibele ngokuphelele (okungalindelekile). Ngokuyisisekelo imisipha izitho zangaphakathi. imisipha senhliziyo umi jikelele iqembu ehlukile. Lifinyelela umuntu akanakho ukuphatha phezu futhi akaboni ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile. Imisebenzi ye imisipha esiswini, esinyeni, wamathumbu, izindonga semithambo zihlukile. Kodwa umgomo wabo oyinhloko - iwukuhlale umzimba ethize isesimweni esihle futhi ukubavumela ukwenza imisebenzi ezidingekayo.

Imisipha: imisipha izinhlobo

Basuke ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka ezicini eziningana. Lesi sigaba eziyisisekelo lihlotshaniswa inhloso lefanako. Secrete imisipha yohlaka kanye izitho zangaphakathi. Ezinqumela abangaphansi imisipha ngokuvamile transverse esiqondisweni fibre, futhi okungalindelekile (yangaphakathi) - bushelelezi.

Kuye indawo imisipha wabelane ikhanda, izingalo nemilenze, esifubeni. Kusukela onjani benza umsebenzi, phakathi kwabo ukucacisa flexors futhi extensors. Ngu umsebenzi phakathi imisipha synergists letihloniphekile, okungukuthi, ekwenzeni imisebenzi efanayo, futhi abamelene esebenza abaphikisayo. Ngesimo ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo: esifushane futhi obukhulu, eside futhi mncane. Latissimus bunemisipha oluyisicaba ngemuva. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo edonsa ehlombe kuya esifubeni kanye izingalo umdlalo emuva eksisi sokukhubazeka komgogodla.

Uma imisipha ngenkathi ekunciphiseni esitho eduze emzimbeni, bese-ke kuchazwa njengoba ehola. Endabeni okuphambene sikhulume ngendima yokuxhuma. Uma wenza ukujikeleza umzimba (ikhanda, ibhodi lemisindo, ingalo elingenhla), basuke labizwa ngokuthi yokunyathelisa.

Kukhona division kuye isibalo izinyanda ezinkulu imicu: i-biceps (izikhwepha), triceps (ingalo extensor), hip quadriceps. Kunezinhlobo ezine izingxenye imisipha (imisipha izinhlobo: abaqondile, lateral, medial, Intermediate). I enkulu - diaphragm, imisipha izibunu, imilenze emuva. I ephansi endlebeni. Eziqine - emlenzeni (ithole) futhi ukuhlafuna ekhanda lakhe.

isakhiwo

Imisipha izicubu emzimbeni womuntu siqukethe amaseli. Banesimiso ukuma side futhi bekwazi ukunciphisa ngenxa yokubakhona organelles ekhethekile (myofilaments).

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-fibre: ezimhlophe futhi zibomvu. Ukwahlukaniswa lokhu isihlobo. Kodwa umehluko singakuqonda ngokubheka isibonelo inkukhu inyama (webele nomlenze wenkukhu). Eyokuqala emhlophe. Amabele izinkukhu akusebenzi njalo lapho tibia. Wings yena amagagasi ezingavamile, kodwa ziyakwazi yokwanda umsebenzi, enikeza ithuba ukuthatha emoyeni.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, on the imilenze sihamba zonke ekuphileni. izindwangu yabo ingasebenza isikhathi eside, kodwa ayikwazi yokwanda enjalo emsebenzini. Inkonyane imisipha e inkukhu esinabantu eligcwele inethiwekhi capillary (kusuka kule nombala) ngoba badinga amandla amaningi (okuqhubekayo kanye eyanele) wokugcinwa ithoni.

Osebenzisa isimiso esifana ahlelwe izicubu abantu. Kunobufakazi bokuthi umuntu ovamile ngendwangu emhlophe futhi obomvu ungaphakathi isilinganiso 4/6. Abasubathi sprinters kukhona isithombe esehlukile. Banezinhliziyo imisipha okusheshayo ezimhlophe babe inzuzo. Lokhu ngokwengxenye ibangelwa ukuqeqeshwa, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ongase akwazi ukuba aguqulwe ngakho.

fibre izinyanda

imisipha yohlaka kuyinto ukusikeka okusheshayo. Amaseli we izicubu elikhulu, side futhi polynuclear (kufika ku-100 noma ngaphezulu). Uma sicabangela cross-section ngesibonakhulu, kubukeka sengathi striated kushintshana nangemivimbo ukukhanya imibala emnyama (striated). Smooth kwemisipha izicubu yakhiwa amaseli mononuclear. Ziyakwazi eyohlobo ngaphezulu hhayi njengoba side.

imisipha yohlaka kuqoqwa imishayo lokuqala (thinnest), owesibili (elikhulu) nokunye okunjalo. G. Mayelana. Ngendlela ukubekwa maqondana eksisi yomgogodla abahlukene imisipha ngqo (rectus cindezela), phambili (esiswini, kwangaphakathi futhi yangaphandle) futhi transverse (iqondiswe perpendicular eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu - lateral esifubeni kwemisipha).

Kuye ilungiselelo azungeze imisipha yabo ihlukaniswe okuhambisanayo (awned) futhi isiyingi (temlomo, sphincter rectal sangasese).

Indwangu of imisipha yenhliziyo kuyinto ekhethekile. Siqukethe amaseli ezimbili-core (cardiomyocytes). Basuke okwakuthandelene, ukuze fuse omunye nomunye ngokuxhuma cytoplasm. imisipha inhliziyo Ikakhulukazi - ikhono ukusebenza abuye atishaye ngokuqhubekayo.

umsebenzi

Ngisho ne sobala isimo ezolile imisipha zisekhona isilungele ukuncishiswa kwemali ngokushesha. Lesi simo kuthiwa i ithoni. amaza Nerve njalo iza zonke izitho zobuchopho. Embusweni ekhululekile inombolo incipha, kodwa okwanele lolo exchange kolwazi. Ngaphandle kokulawula ezinjalo ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale ukugcina umzimba enokulinganisela futhi uzinzile.

Umthombo wamandla ngoba imisipha esebenza triphosphate adenosine (ATP). Kumiswa It is ngenxa uchungechunge eziyinkimbinkimbi glycogen eqhekeza. Amandla amaseli wenziwa ngemithambo yegazi. Kule kusobala ukuthi zonke izicubu core kumele ezinabantu aluka capillary, ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni nelifakayo.

Qalisa ngokuqhubekayo abakwazi ukuba, kudingeka aphumule. Uma lokhu dengwane, ukusebenza ke encishisiwe kubonakala ishayela conduction kwezinso nekuphendvula nerve stimulation. With imithwalo okukhulu zanqwabelana imikhiqizo umzimba, okuyinto evimbela iyunifomu ukusatshalaliswa pulses.

kwasendaweni

Umzimba womuntu yakhelwe isimiso wesimethri zamazwe amabili, ngakho yonke imisipha emikhulu abhanqiwe noma sakhiwa halves ezimbili. Sise ikhanda zinengxenye ukusikeka ebusweni, okwenza kube lula ukuveza imizwa (injabulo, ukudabuka, ukwesaba, injabulo). Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile - umsebenzi mouthparts (ukuhlafuna nokugwinya). nabo ukunikeza umsebenzi iso (inhlamvu yeso ukunyakaza, eshaywa nezinkophe).

On the Imisipha yentamo kuphakamisa futhi kwehlisa ikhanda lakhe, ethanda khona futhi isekela umgogodla ikholomu axis. SARS ukuhlukanisa nangemuva. Sihlukaniswe ingxenye engenhla (umsebenzi ibhande lamahlombe); kwesifuba (ukuphefumula); kwamathumbu (esiswini ithoni). Inxenye enkulukazi ngemuva ikhava lats. Ngaphezu iqhaza engalweni isandiso kanye nokunyakaza isiyingi of the izingalo, bakha emuva, ngezansi izimbambo, uzimele umzimba, esehlanganise nezinso isibindi. Active ngesikhathi ebhukuda, ukusebenza umoya kakhulu, futhi lokhu kuphakamisa izimbambo aphansi.

Phambi, phezulu, okuholela imisipha emikhulu pectoral of Ukusabalala endaweni. Le ndawo besisu is esekujuleni futhi mncane imisipha transverse. Lokho umelana-gravity kanye nokuphenyisisa egcina ukuqinisela imvelo sangaphakathi ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. Kanye cindezela kuqinisekisa indiza esiswini.

Esizeni eslphambanweni isiqu nasemilenzeni aphansi usesikhundleni ebalulekile endaweni gluteus maximus (ezinkulu, aphakathi nendawo, amancane). On kwethanga bungabonakala semimembranosus, biceps, dlala, eside futhi imikhondo enkulu. Shin - gastrocnemius, soleus. Futhi onyaweni - flexors futhi extensors yeminwe.

Iqhaza ingeyomzimba

Ngaphandle umsebenzi ofanele imisipha abangabantu yoma. It is waphawula ukuthi ngezinye ubuncane umthwalo amaseli ishintsha njalo omunye amasonto amabili. Kwezemidlalo kwenzeka kaningi. Kukhula kwemisipha izicubu nge isisindo esengeziwe uma imithwalo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye ka kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba imisipha siphukile. Umzimba ivame ukuba ngilulame, amangqamuzana amasha zikhule, ngenxa olusha. Lokhu kuhambisana uphakamise izwi yabo kanye nesisindo.

Ngaphezu ukuqaliswa umsebenzi inhliziyo, silondoloze ukuma komzimba, ukuhlinzeka ime mpo futhi ukunyakaza kwemisipha kwenza kube nokwenzeka kanye nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho, kubaluleke ngezinga elifanayo izinqubo inkulumo (amalaka nolimi), ukuphefumula (diaphragm), ukugaya (emphinjeni, ithoni ingaphakathi lesisu, amathumbu). Iphinde inikeza excretion imikhiqizo umzimba (esinyeni, le sphincter we ingemuva).

Uma okungalindelekile imisipha umsebenzi umuntu akakwazi ukulawula ngokungenasizathu (imisipha core) ungakwazi ukuqeqesha ngisho. Nokho, indlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nokugcina umzimba isesimeni esihle ngokomzimba, njengoba yaziwa, kuyisihluthulelo impilo enhle futhi ngaba nokuthula kwengqondo.

Manje wena abazi indima ayifeza imisipha yomzimba. Izinhlobo imisipha ziyehluka isakhiwo yabo nemisebenzi.