Imfundiso kaDarwin yezenhlalo. Izici theory

Imfundiso kaDarwin yezenhlalo, njengoba kwamiswa isiqondiso ekhulwini le-19. Ekuqhubeni abasunguli imfundiso baye baba nethonya elikhulu ku-besikhathi sakhe. Ngokwemvelo, kakhulu umthetho Darwin, njengoba emikhulu umcimbi yesayensi, ayikwazanga kodwa kuthinta esizindeni ulwazi emphakathini. ENgilandi, ehlelekile ukuze lezo zimfundiso nasempilweni yangempela kanti Spencer Bagehot. Kugcine, njengoba intatheli, Economist, ngazama ekuhloleni izinqubo zomlando emphakathini ukusebenzisa izimiso eyayisekelwe kuzo leyo isiqondiso okukhulunywa lakhiwa. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 imibono Spencer sika yayihlanganiswa yi izibalo phambili Giddings futhi Lesigceme.

Imfundiso kaDarwin yezenhlalo. imiqondo Key

Ukuze zonke social science kwekhulu le-19, futhi ikakhulukazi ingxenye yayo yesibili, kwaba inombolo uqobo amaphuzu kuqala. Lezi imiqondo esemqoka kuqokonyiswa Darwin ngokwakhe. Imfundiso, eyalandela ososayensi emva kwaba uhlobo Paradigm, okuyinto elangena ezindaweni ezahlukene umcabango nomphakathi. Lezi imiqondo eyisisekelo baye baba "ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo", "kusinda ezinamandla", "umzabalazo khona". Kule ndaba, kaDarwin yezenhlalakahle isinyathelo hhayi nje njengomuntu siqondiso esiqondile kuzo. Isigaba esivela imfundiso zaqala ukusetshenziswa kulezo zindawo yolwazi okwakukhona kwasekuqaleni kuye nobutha eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, Durkheim isicelo leminye imicondvo kufakwe kaDarwin nomphakathi. Naphezu antireductionism yakhe kunalokho ezinkulu ekutadisheni ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile, kanye okugcizelela ukubaluleka ubumbano, wabona ukuhlukana social work ngefomu kancane othambile yokulwa ethize khona.

Imfundiso kaDarwin yezenhlalo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19

Ekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, umqondo "ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo" waya ngaphesheya sphere yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni sesingochwepheshe ethandwa kwezamabhizinisi, journalism, ukwazi mass, eqanjiwe. Abamele, isibonelo, elite kwezomnotho, izikhulu ibhizinisi, esekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngokuthi kwakuyizilwane nje lucky futhi abanamakhono, kodwa futhi kuthathwa njengesibikezelo samuntu ebonakalayo ngokunqoba emzabalazweni khona ensimini zako. Ngokuqondene nalokhu iphutha, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, ukuze cabanga imfundiso KaDarwin komphakathi, ngokusekelwe kuphela izici begazi kubo kuliragelo elula. It singachazwa ngokuthi isiqondiso okuletha imithetho yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ezimisweni zemvelo kwemvelo. Komphakathi kaDarwin, ngokukhethekile, Ngokuqondene wokulwela ukuphila njengoba isici belinganisa zokuphila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuqaleni ososayensi non-begazi aveze ukuthi, ngomqondo actualized futhi kugomela ahlala isikhathi eside umcabango nomphakathi. Kuzo zonke izimpawu zokuthi kunokuthile okungaphansi isiqondiso olucutshungulwayo ubhekwa omunye ukucabangela eyinhloko ekuphileni njengoba uhlobo enkundleni lapho umzabalazo okwandile okuqhubekayo, izingxabano, izibhelu phakathi kwabantu, imiphakathi, amaqembu, amasiko, izinhlangano, izinhlobo amasiko nezenhlalo.