Idwala le-volcanic, elenza phansi olwandle. Ishalofu, izikhala, ama-guyots

Iyini idwala le-volcanic elenza phansi kwezilwandle? Lona yi-basalt. Zifaka amakhilomitha angaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye emakhilomitha angamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye endaweni esetshenziswa yimithombo yamaplanethi yethu.

Ingqimba engaphansi kolwandle

Ukukhululeka okwenza idwala le-volcanic elidala phansi olwandle luyinkimbinkimbi futhi luyinkimbinkimbi. Hlanganisa ngqo umbhede we-World Ocean futhi eduze naso emaphethelweni angaphandle amazwekazi.

Amaphezu angaphansi kwamanzi, ahlanganisa idwala le-volcanic, elenza phansi kwezilwandle ngesimo se-basalt, unesixhumanisi esingenakuqhathaniswa namazwekazi aseduze.

Izazi ze-geologists zihlukanisa indawo yesheluli, izintambo zase-continental kanye nezinyawo zasenyakatho. Ngokuvamile, i-townfolk ibhekana ngqo neshalofu. Liseduze nomhlaba. Emuva kwalo kukhona idwala elithambile elingaphansi kwezilwandle.

Shelf

Ukujula kokuphakama kwamanzi endaweni eshalofini akudluli ngamamitha angamakhulu amabili. Ukukhululeka kwalesi sifundazwe kubonakala ngendwangu emnene, isimo sokuthambekela esanda kancane kancane.

Iphethini elisebusweni lithonywa yizikhukhula ezikhukhulayo, amagquma, imifula kanye nezinqolobane. Ububanzi besensimu yesheluli buhluka. Kungaba amamitha angamakhulu amaningana, futhi ingafinyelela amashumi amakhilomitha.

Ububanzi obuphezulu besigaba sesheluli kusegwini lwe-Arctic Ocean. Ishalofu elincane lisondela ngasogwini olwandle lwaseNdiya nasePacific esifundeni samaMelika.

Intaba ye-Mainland

Umthambeka wezwekazi ungumgogodla ophansi, ongakwenyukela emakethe amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Inyawo lezwekazi lifana nethafa elinomhlaba we-wavy, ongewona oyifomu.

Ububanzi bale ngxenye yezansi kolwandle kufinyelela emakhulwini amakhilomitha, kodwa ukujula kunqunyelwe amakhilomitha amathathu kuphela. Ngokuqondene nombhede, cishe usuke ugcwele idwala le-volcanic elidala phansi kolwandle nolwandle. I-morphology eyinkimbinkimbi. Emkhatsini wayo kukhona ama-ridge nama-wastelands, izintaba-mlilo, iziqhingi nezintaba zonke zezintaba.

Ama-deepwater gutters

Ngezinye izikhathi ezansi kukhona amathanga angaphansi kwamanzi. Ukujula kwabo okuphezulu kufinyelela emakhilomitha ayisithupha. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ngokuhambisana nalokho okushiwo amazwekazi noma ukuphindaphinda ama-continent. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke zamanzi ezinjengeziqu ezinjalo zigxila phansi ngaphansi kwePacific Ocean.

Ama-guyots angamanga

I-Guyot ingenye into engaphansi kwe-World Ocean. I-Gaits i-volcanic inhlamvu futhi imelela izintaba eziphansi, ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamathafa aphansi.

Ngesinye isikhathi, imibhikisho enjalo yayitholakala ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi, kodwa yaya ezansi. Ingqikithi kunezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 zezintaba ezihlukahlukene kunazo zonke ezivela emgodini olwandle.